Triplex safety glass. History of invention and production

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HISTORY OF TECHNOLOGY, TECHNOLOGY, OBJECTS AROUND US
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Triplex safety glass. History of invention and production

The history of technology, technology, objects around us

Directory / The history of technology, technology, objects around us

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Car accidents are the scourge of the modern world. Every year, more than a million people die in them, and another 50 million are injured and maimed. However, there would have been much more victims if it were not for the invention of the French chemist Edouard Benedictus.

Triplex safety glass
Damaged car glass

In 1903, Benedictus knocked a flask off a shelf during one of his experiments. The vessel fell to the floor and cracked, but, to the scientist's surprise, it did not crumble, but retained its former shape. Benedictus recalled that earlier this flask contained the remains of collodion - an ether-alcohol solution of cellulose nitrate. The volatile mixture evaporated, leaving a thin, transparent, almost invisible layer of cellulose nitrate on the walls.

At that time, car windshields were made of ordinary glass, which, when broken, breaks up into thousands of long and extremely sharp fragments, seriously injuring drivers and passengers in an accident.

After reading in the newspaper about one of these accidents, Benedictus remembered a flask that had fallen, but retained its shape. After several experiments with laminated glass, he made a "sandwich" of two glasses and a layer of cellulose nitrate between them. When heated, the plastic layer melted, gluing the glasses together. Such a "sandwich" could be beaten with a hammer - it cracked, but retained its shape and did not give splinters. In 1909, Benedictus received a patent for safety glass, which he called "triplex" (Triplex).

Advertisement for Triplex safety glasses

In the same years, the Englishman John Wood also worked on the problem of safety glass. He received a patent for his development in 1905, but it did not go into mass production - Wood suggested using natural rubber as a middle layer, but it was expensive, and the glass did not come out quite transparent.

After receiving a patent for the triplex, Benedictus appealed to car manufacturers to use his invention. But automakers, in an effort to make cars cheaper, refused. But the military drew attention to the new material, and the triplex received a real baptism of fire during the First World War - gas mask glasses were made from it.

But already in 1919, Henry Ford began to use triplex in his cars, and 10-15 years later, all other automakers followed his example. And modern safety glass, through which millions of drivers look at the road, is a distant descendant of the invention of Edward Benedictus.

Triplex glass is used for glazing vehicles (windshields of cars, railway rolling stock, aircraft, ships, etc.), windows and facades of buildings, booking.

There are special triplexes with increased noise-absorbing properties, with electric heating, color, mirror, electrochromic, etc.

Finished triplex glass is subjected to various tests and checks, including testing of glass for resistance to impact, penetration, light (radiation), humidity and heat, incandescence, thermal shock, resistance to fragmentation.

The quality of triplex gluing is determined by the quality of the adhesive (film), the quality of surface preparation and compliance with the technological process. The quality of the glass surface determines the degree of adhesion. In case of uneven cleaning of the surface, the formation of bubbles, areas with low bonding strength, is possible. To control the quality of the surface, devices are used to measure the contact angle of wetting the surface.

Author: S.Apresov

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