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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Instruction on labor protection for an electric welder at oil product supply enterprises. Full document
Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection Safe Operation 1. General requirements for labor protection 1.1. This instruction provides for the basic requirements for labor protection of an electric welder at oil product supply enterprises. 1.2. In the performance of their duties other than requirements. set out in this manual; the electric welder must comply with the requirements of the "Instructions on General Safety Rules for Hot Work at Oil Products Supply Enterprises". 1.3. Persons who have a qualification certificate and who, after training and testing their knowledge, have received a special fire safety certificate for the qualification certificate, are allowed to carry out electric welding work. In addition, an electric welder must undergo primary and periodic medical examinations (at least once every 2 years, and when welding in poorly ventilated enclosed and semi-enclosed spaces - at least once a year), and also have an electrical safety group not lower than II. 1.4. Places of welding work are divided into stationary and temporary. The places of stationary welding work are determined by the order of the enterprise. Carrying out temporary welding work in production premises and on the territory of the enterprise is allowed only after a written permit is issued in accordance with the established procedure. 1.5. Stationary welding posts should be located in fireproof cabinets with an area of at least 3 m2 each. 1.6. Temporary welding stations should be protected by portable fences (shields or screens), which should be strong, lightweight and made of sheet steel, plywood, suitably treated, asbestos cloth or, in extreme cases, tarpaulin. The height of the partition made of non-combustible material must be at least 2,5 m, and the gap between the partition and the floor must not exceed 5 cm. 1.7. When carrying out welding work in the open air, sheds made of non-combustible materials must be built over installations and welding stations. In the absence of sheds, welding work during precipitation should be stopped. 1.8. Before starting welding work on the territory of tank farms, it is necessary to check the tightness of the covers of the sewage wells, the presence of a layer of sand on these covers, the tightness of flange connections, etc. and clear the work site of combustible materials within a radius of 15 m. 1.9. If there are combustible structures near the places of welding, the latter must be reliably protected from fires by metal or asbestos screens. 1.10. When carrying out welding work inside the tanks, a permit for hot work and a work permit for carrying out gas hazardous work are issued. 1.11. Welding work in tanks, on process pipelines and other equipment of oil depots and gas stations can be carried out only after they are freed from the product, plugs are installed and blown with steam or inert gas and air samples are analyzed. In addition, the person responsible for carrying out hot work is obliged to control the air analysis for the absence of explosive concentrations of vapors (gases). The selection and analysis of air samples is carried out by the chemical laboratory, the results are documented in the "Air analysis certificate in the tank" in the prescribed form, which is issued against signature to the person responsible for the work. 1.12. The welding unit must be connected to the mains supply through an individual breaker with a fuse. The electric arc may only be fed from welding transformers, generators or rectifiers. The distance between the welding unit and the wall should be at least 0,5 m, and the length of the wires between the power supply and the unit should not exceed 10 m. 1.13. In case of insufficient natural lighting of the place of electric welding, it is allowed to use a portable electric lamp for a voltage not exceeding 42 V. 1.14. The closed spaces of tanks, boilers, metal containers during welding should be illuminated by lamps installed outside the object being welded or by manual portable explosion-proof lamps for a voltage of not more than 12 V The transformer for portable lamps must be installed outside the object to be welded, its secondary winding must be grounded. Do not use an autotransformer to step down the voltage. 1.15. The place of providence of welding work must be provided with fire extinguishing equipment. If there is an internal fire-fighting water supply in the immediate vicinity of the welding site, the hoses with trunks must be connected to the valves. All workers involved in welding work must be able to use primary fire extinguishing equipment and apply them in accordance with the instructions, depending on the nature of the burning substance and the substance of the fire extinguisher. 2. Labor protection requirements before starting work 2.1. Put on the work clothes and safety shoes prescribed by the norms (tarpaulin suit, leather boots with a solid top, canvas mittens, etc., depending on the place and nature of the work performed). The suit must be buttoned up, trousers loose, a jacket without pockets worn over trousers. Overalls and gloves must be dry, without traces of contamination with oil, kerosene, gasoline and other combustible substances. 2.2. Check the serviceability of safety devices and personal protective equipment (shields, overshoes, gloves, respirators, etc.). 2.3. When welding inside metal structures, boilers, tanks, as well as outdoor installations (after rain and snowfall), the welder, in addition to the overalls assigned to him, must additionally use dielectric gloves, galoshes and a rug. When working in closed containers, it is necessary to wear protective helmets (polyethylene, textolite or vinyl plastic). 2.4. Check the integrity of the insulation of the electric holder and its wires. The electric holder must provide reliable clamping and quick change of electrodes without touching the current-carrying parts, have a reliable connection with the welding wire, must be equipped with a visor that protects the hand of the electric welder from metal splashes and arc action. 2.5. Check the serviceability of electric welding equipment and electrical measuring instruments, the insulation of electrical wiring, the presence and serviceability of grounding the product being welded, electrical machines and transformers. Do not use the grounded chassis of one device to ground another. The ground wires of each device must be connected directly to the common ground. 2.6. Welding must be done using two wires. As a return ground wire, steel tires of any profile are allowed, but of sufficient cross section. It is forbidden to use technological equipment, metal fittings, water, heating or sewer pipes, electrical installation structures and grounding or grounding networks as a return wire. To supply current to the electrode during manual arc welding, a cable of the appropriate section is used. When the welding current is above 600 A, the cable must be connected bypassing the handle of the electrode holder. The connection of cables, as well as their connection to the electrode holder and the object to be welded, must be carried out by welding or mechanically. Connection points must be insulated. 2.7. Check the operation of the electric welding unit. Work in especially dangerous rooms and tanks can be performed if the unit has an electric interlock that automatically turns off the welding circuit when the electrode is replaced or limits the voltage to a safe value at idle. The operation of the electrical interlock device must be checked before starting welding. 2.8. If you find any malfunctions in the operation of the electric welding unit or at the workplace, you should inform your immediate supervisor about this and do not start work without his permission. It is not allowed to connect to the network and disconnect from the network electric welding units, as well as to repair them. This work must be carried out by trained electricians or electric welders with an electrical safety group of at least III. 2.9. Power supply wires must be protected from damage. Do not twist welding wires. When laying wires through doors, hatches and other openings, it is necessary to protect them from mechanical damage using metal or wooden boxes or pipes. 2.10. Every electric welder should have a lightweight box made of plywood or other non-conductive material for storing and carrying tools and electrodes. 3. Labor protection requirements during work 3.1. When performing welding work, it is necessary to cover the face with a mask or shield with light filters inserted into them to protect the eyes and face from the effects of electric arc rays, as well as splashes of molten metal. Light filters must be selected in accordance with the value of the welding current. It is forbidden to use light filters made by the method of external painting. 3.2. To protect the filters from splashes of molten metal and contamination, colorless glass (window type) should be inserted in front of them. 3.3. If cracks or holes appear on the masks or shields due to metal splashes, they should be replaced with serviceable ones. 3.4. You can turn on the welding unit only after making sure that it is in good working order. 3.5. In the process of work, it is necessary to ensure that hands, shoes and clothes are always dry. 3.6. The electric welding machine must be disconnected from the mains in the following cases: when changing electrodes or moving them to a new position; during a power outage; when leaving the workplace; when cleaning welding units or moving them to a new workplace. 3.7. During a break in work, the electric holder should be placed on a special stand or tripod. 3.8. When working, it is necessary to ensure that the wires of electric welding units do not cross acetylene, oxygen hoses and pipelines. When laying them in parallel, they must be located no closer than 2 meters from the acetylene and oxygen hoses. 3.9. Welding should be carried out with open manholes and hatches. as well as with operating portable ventilation. When working in confined spaces, in addition to local ventilation, air must be supplied directly under the welder's shield. 3.10. It is necessary to monitor the correct operation of the exhaust ventilation to remove harmful gases. It is forbidden to arrange drafts for this purpose. In the absence of local ventilation inside the vessel, hose insulating gas masks must be used. 3.11 Welding work inside tanks (in tanks, boilers, tanks, etc.) should be carried out in the presence of two specially instructed observers outside the tank, able to provide assistance if necessary. Moreover, one of them must have an electrical safety group of at least II. An electric welder working inside the tank must be equipped with a safety belt and a rope, the end of which must be held by one of the observers. 3.12. It is forbidden to work simultaneously inside closed structures for electric welders and gas welders. 3.13. When working at height, it is forbidden to perform electric welding work from ladders and ladders. Simultaneous work of electric welders on the same vertical is prohibited. During operation, sparks of molten metal and splashing of electrode cinders on combustible structures and materials are not allowed. To store cinders, you must have a special metal box. 3.14. When cutting influxes and cleaning seams, you should use serviceable metalwork tools and goggles. It is forbidden to take heated objects with your hands. 3.15. The electrician is prohibited from:
4. Labor protection requirements in emergency situations 4.1. In case of pain in the eyes, the worker should immediately consult a doctor. 4.2. In case of accidents, it is necessary to provide the victim with first aid, call an ambulance and report this to the immediate management, and, if possible, keep the situation at the workplace unchanged until the investigation. 4.3. In the event of an emergency, the electric welder must act in accordance with an extract from the emergency response plan. 5. Labor protection requirements at the end of work 5.1. Disconnect the power supply from the mains. When welding with direct current, first turn off the direct current circuit, then the alternating current supplying the machine's motor. Disconnect the wire with the electrode holder from the power source. 5.2. Collect wires and protective devices and, after a preventive inspection, put them in a specially designated place. 5.3. Remove workplace. Collect the cinders from the electrodes in a special metal box. Make sure that there are no smoldering objects left after work (rags, insulating material, etc.). 5.4. Hand over the workplace to the shifter and foreman and inform them of all malfunctions at the workplace. 5.5. Take off your overalls and put them in the place provided for this. 5.6. Wash face and hands with warm water and soap, take a shower. See other articles Section Occupational Safety and Health
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