Instructions for labor protection when extinguishing forest fires

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Instructions for labor protection when extinguishing forest fires

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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Safe Operation

1. General requirements for labor protection

General labor protection requirements are set out in the instructions "General requirements for labor protection for workers engaged in logging and forestry work".

1.1. Employers who send workers to extinguish forest fires must:

draw up lists of workers sent to extinguish a forest fire who have been trained in this type of work, and appoint senior forest fire teams;
provide workers with serviceable overalls, safety shoes, camp property, means of protection against midges, serviceable fire equipment and inventory, individual medical packages and a first-aid kit (per group), and a supply of food for 3 days.

1.2. When working in areas infected with tick-borne encephalitis, workers are vaccinated against it in advance.

1.3. The workers involved in fighting the fire are provided with food and drinking water directly at the place of work. If there are no water sources at the place of work, water is delivered in a sealed container (tank, thermos, flask, etc.) at the rate of 5-6 liters per person per shift.

1.4. To extinguish forest fires are allowed men aged 18 to 60 years, who do not have physical disabilities, who have previously passed a medical examination at their place of work and, for health reasons, are recognized as fit to perform this work.

1.5. Women aged 18 to 55 (except for pregnant and lactating women) who are fit for these jobs due to health reasons ( work on the edge of a fire is excluded).

1.6. Persons under the influence of alcohol or drugs are not allowed to work on extinguishing a forest fire.

1.7. All fire-fighting work must be based on firm discipline and unity of command. The participant in the firefighting carries out the commands (orders) only of the immediate leader of the firefighting (senior group).

2. Safety requirements before starting work

2.1. Before sending, check the completeness, serviceability and put on overalls, safety shoes and safety devices. Check the serviceability and test the operation of hand tools and forest fire equipment.

2.2. Prior to being sent to put out a fire, workers must undergo an occupational safety briefing - the primary one at the workplace. The official responsible for sending (an employee of the State Forestry Service) conducts the briefing.

2.3. Delivery of forest fire groups (teams) to forest fires and their extinguishing is carried out only during daylight hours.

2.4. Delivery of workers to the site of a forest fire (on foot, by car, by water, by air) must be organized in accordance with general safety requirements. At the same time, employees must comply with the Rules of Passenger Conduct when traveling on this transport.

2.5. Conducting briefings on safety precautions, the rules of boarding (disembarking) in an aircraft and behavior in flight is the responsibility of an aviation forest guard worker.

2.6. Employees who are in a state of intoxication or illness, which may create a danger to the employee or others, are not allowed to be transported.

2.7. Boarding (disembarking) of workers in the helicopter is carried out after the command of the commander or another crew member, usually with the engine turned off and the rotation of the propellers completely stopped.

2.8. Landing (disembarking) with the propellers in operation should be carried out in the direction of the front door at an angle of 45 degrees to the longitudinal axis of the helicopter from the side of the forward fuselage.

2.9. If there is an overnight stay on the way to the fire on foot or by land transport, the overnight stop should be planned one hour before dark.

2.10. When crossing rivers ford, swampy areas of swamps, it is necessary to check the path (ford) with a pole. The check is carried out by the head of the group or, at his direction, by an experienced worker.

2.11. If it is necessary to cross on the way sections of stone placers, littered areas, old burnt areas with an abundance of deadwood, windfall, windfall, special care must be taken, and if possible, bypass these areas.

2.12. In case of loss of orientation (during the transition and during work) and the impossibility of restoring it, it is necessary, if possible, to go to an open place and build a smokehouse (fire) to facilitate the search from the air, give sound signals by voice, shots and in another way to facilitate the search by land. As a last resort, try to get to housing, the road, following downstream the stream and further the river. At all stopping points, leave information about the route.

3. Safety requirements during work

3.1. The extinguishing of a fire is headed by a work manager from among specially trained employees of the forest guard or aviation forest protection, who are well aware of the technique and tactics of extinguishing various types of forest fires, who have experience in organizing extinguishing, who know how to fight fire, who can lead people who know the area well and orient themselves in the forest.

3.2. Before starting work on extinguishing a fire, the work manager organizes reconnaissance of the fire, determines its boundaries, the direction and speed of the spread of fire, natural barriers to the spread of fire and extinguishing methods.

3.3. According to the forest fire reconnaissance, the head of the extinguishing, together with the heads of the forest fire groups, instructs the workers, while:

indicates safe places (shelters) in clearings, in deciduous forest stands, on the banks of reservoirs, along roads, as well as escape routes to them, appoints guides in case workers are taken to shelters in an unfamiliar area;
indicates places of rest and lodging for the night, informs employees on the map (diagram) and on the ground according to landmarks about the location of the forest fire site, its distance from the nearest settlements, transport routes;
explains the nature of the work, effective methods of their implementation, the duration of work and the subordination scheme, indicating the persons giving the order;
arranges employees and, in accordance with the characteristics of the fire, determines the methods and tactics of extinguishing it;
establishes the order of shifts, rest and meals;
instructs workers on their actions in the event of unforeseen situations.

3.4. Fire extinguishing work must be carried out by groups of at least 2 people, one of whom is appointed by the head (senior).

3.5. At the disposal of senior forest fire teams there should be such a number of people whose work they can control, but not more than 10 people.

3.6. When working on the edge of a fire, you must:

maintain a distance between employees within sight, taking into account the safe zone between employees of at least 5 meters;
do not lose sight of those working nearby, constantly monitor visually their movement, and in case of their disappearance inform the elder;
in the case of a worker rounding the active edge of the fire, move back;
immediately inform the head of the work, the senior forest fire team about the current dangerous situation, warn the workers working nearby about the danger.

3.7. Those working on the edge of a fire do not have the right to leave their place of work without the permission of the work manager (senior group), except in cases of injury, burns or carbon monoxide poisoning, as well as in the event of a danger to the life of an employee, notifying (if possible) a neighboring employee or manager (senior).

3.8. When extinguishing fires, it is necessary to monitor the burnt dead wood, promptly removing it in the direction of the fire in order to avoid a sudden fall.

3.9. Workers directly engaged in extinguishing the edge of the fire, in addition to special clothing, should be provided with protective helmets, respirators, if necessary, individual sanitary posts, insulating gas masks.

3.10. To maintain efficiency in conditions of high temperatures and smoke, extinguishing work is organized in shifts, while workers can be in the immediate vicinity of the fire for no more than 1-2 hours. Again, workers are allowed to work only after a short rest outside the zone of smoke and thermal effects of the fire.

3.11. When extinguishing a forest fire by annealing, the work manager and senior forest fire teams must make sure that there are no people and equipment between the fire front and the reference strip, only after that give a signal about the ignition of the ground cover, and also ensure control and extinguishing of possible combustion sources behind the reference strip.

3.12. The support strip should be laid at a safe distance from the edge of the fire, taking into account the speed of the fire. In fugitive crown fires, workers should not be closer than 250 m from the fire front (i.e. at a distance of at least twice the length of possible jumps).

3.13. Annealing for the localization of runaway crown fires should mainly be carried out in the evening and morning hours, when the intensity and speed of the spread of combustion decreases.

3.14. Prior to extinguishing a soil (soil-peat) fire, reconnaissance should be organized to determine the boundaries of the fire. The established fire boundary should be marked on the ground with flags or any available means. Workers conducting reconnaissance of the boundaries of fire on a soil (soil-peat) fire are supplied with poles.

3.15. Workers performing work to extinguish a soil (soil-peat) fire must constantly monitor falling trees, warning neighbors of the danger. It is forbidden to cross the marked border.

3.16. When extinguishing a flame with water or chemical solutions, it is necessary that the worker be on the windward side at the edge of the fire, where the products of combustion and extinguishing cannot enter the respiratory system.

3.17. When using a bulldozer to extinguish a fire, workers should not be in front and behind it in an area equal to twice the height of the forest stand.

3.18. The work of the bulldozer operator must be coordinated by a signalman who indicates the direction of movement, monitors the spread of fire, the transfer of fire across the lane and warns of danger.

3.19. When extinguishing a fire in a mountainous area, it is prohibited:

be above the edge of the fire on a steep (over 20 degrees) unburned slope, if the slope is covered with young coniferous growth, shrubs and accumulations of other combustible materials;
to be in front of the fire front in narrow hollows, hollows, ravines;
throw deadwood, stones, etc. from the edge of the fire.

3.20. Places of rest and lodging for the night should be located no closer than 100 m from the border of the localized flank part of the fire and fenced off (digged in) with mineralized strips at least 2 m wide. In the event of a fire breakout, it should be possible to create new barrier strips. Within a radius of 50 m, all dead and dangerous (sloping, rotten, etc.) trees must be cut down. For the rest period of workers, duty officers should be appointed, and when extinguishing large or rapidly developing fires, round-the-clock duty is provided at the camp (tabor) and control over the direction and strength of the wind. It is forbidden to spend the night for workers in the zone of the active edge of a forest fire and in young coniferous forests.

3.21. To set up a camp, it is necessary to choose as dry places as possible. The choice of the location of the camp is carried out taking into account the conditions of water supply, the possibility of providing air, road or water transport.

3.22. The location of the camp is determined by the head of the fire extinguishing.

3.23. It is forbidden to camp:

on the top or crest of a mountain, at the foot of steep and steep slopes;
under and above hinged canopies in places threatening rockfall, landslide, avalanche, mudflow;
on a dry river bed, at the bottom of a gorge, a hollow;
near power lines and on the routes of the gas pipeline, oil product pipeline;
on flooded islands, spits, low banks;
on sea coasts, in the tidal zone and in its immediate vicinity.

3.24. When placing a camp near a river, the magnitude of the possible rise in water should be taken into account. In areas abounding with midges (mosquitoes, midges, mosquitoes), it is recommended to choose an open place for the camp.

3.25. To extinguish forest fires in forests contaminated with radionuclides, persons who have passed a medical commission and targeted training for work with increased danger are sent, taking into account the requirements of the radiation situation.

3.26. Workers sent to extinguish forest fires are provided with closed overalls, special footwear, respirators and (or) insulating gas masks and individual dosimeters.

Overalls with dustproof cuffs can be used as overalls, for protection against biological factors - suits, hats - berets, hats for helmets, closed shoes - rubber boots, tarpaulin boots; mittens.

3.27. To create barrier strips to stop the edge of the fire, as well as to directly extinguish it, it is necessary to mainly use water and water fire extinguishing compositions using manual, mechanized and aviation devices.

3.28. In forests with a density of radioactive contamination of the soil over 15 Ku/km2, forest fires are extinguished mainly with the help of aircraft from the air.

3.29. In areas contaminated with radionuclides with a density of more than 15 Ku/km2, forestry workers are provided with 3 sets of overalls. The provision of personal protective equipment must comply with the standards and requirements established for personnel when working with open sources of ionizing radiation.

3.30. Every day after the completion of work to extinguish forest fires in the territory contaminated with radionuclides, employees are required to take a shower (bath) and change their overalls, safety shoes and other personal protective equipment.

3.31. Night rest at the place of extinguishing in areas contaminated with radionuclides is prohibited.

3.32. If the dose of additional exposure exceeds 0,5 rem (5 mSv), the worker is removed from the zone of radioactive contamination for one year.

4. Safety requirements in emergency situations

4.1. Emergencies may occur:

when the fire passes through the barrier (support) mine lane or the formation of new small combustion centers in the rear of the workers and the threat of the workers being surrounded by a fire ring;
in the absence of visibility of the frontal edge of the fire due to smoke;
when working under the forest canopy in plantations with the presence of coniferous undergrowth or in young coniferous forests, when there is a potential for the transition of a ground fire to a crown one;
with a sharp increase or a sudden change in wind direction, especially when working on extinguishing in young coniferous forests;
when extinguishing on mountain slopes, when rolling burning and smoldering materials create combustion centers below the extinguishing line;
when extinguishing the edge of the fire in the "pockets" between the tongues of the fire front;
erosion, strong wind;
with the onset of fatigue, dulling attention in the immediate vicinity of the edge of the fire;
in other unforeseen cases.

4.2. During a thunderstorm, all work to extinguish forest fires should be stopped, radio stations should be turned off, antennas should be disconnected and grounded, located away from metal objects, machines and mechanisms.

4.3. Workers should take a safe place in a clearing, young growth area, in small folds of the terrain, on a hillside, between trees growing 20-25 m apart.

4.4. It is forbidden to hide from a thunderstorm under separate trees, triangulation and observation towers, to stand nearby and touch high-voltage line supports, poles and wires of a communication line, antenna and counterweight leads. People (if possible) should be located indoors, and mechanisms - at a distance from people no closer than 10 m.

4.5. In all cases, in the event of a threatening situation, the extinguishing leader must ensure that people exit to a safe place, while the leader and all employees must act quickly and decisively, remaining calm and not succumbing to panic.

4.6. In the event of an accident, provide the victim with first aid, if necessary, take measures to deliver him to a medical facility, inform the work manager about the incident, and, if possible, preserve the situation of the incident.

5. Safety requirements upon completion of work

5.1. Upon completion of work on extinguishing a forest fire, the extinguishing manager is obliged to gather all the employees who took part in extinguishing the fire and check their presence by name according to the list.

5.2. In the absence of an employee for unknown reasons, a search is immediately organized.

5.3. Unauthorized absences of workers for fishing, swimming or access to transport routes, settlements are prohibited.

5.4. Departure, withdrawal of workers, fire equipment from the fire is carried out in an organized manner under the supervision of the head of the fire extinguishing or the senior forest fire team.

5.5. Upon arrival at the forestry, workers must clean the mechanisms, equipment, and place them in storage. Remove overalls, safety shoes and safety devices, put them in order and place them in storage. Perform hygiene procedures.

5.6. Report all comments on ensuring labor protection when extinguishing a forest fire to the head.

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