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Instruction on labor protection for an electrician on operational switching in distribution networks. Full Document

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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Safe Operation

1. General requirements for labor protection

1.1. The instruction on labor protection is a document that establishes requirements for the safe performance of work for employees.

1.2. Knowledge of the Instructions on labor protection is mandatory for all employees.

1.3. The head of the structural unit is obliged to create conditions at the workplace that meet the requirements of labor protection, provide employees with protective equipment and organize their study of this Instruction.

Each enterprise must develop and communicate to all personnel safe routes through the territory of the enterprise to the place of work and evacuation plans in case of fire and emergency.

1.4. Each employee must:

• comply with the requirements of this Instruction;
• immediately report to your immediate supervisor, and in his absence, to a higher manager about the accident that has occurred and about all violations of the Instructions he has noticed, as well as about malfunctions of structures, equipment and protective devices;
• keep the workplace and equipment clean and tidy;
• ensure the safety of protective equipment, tools, devices, fire extinguishing equipment and documentation on labor protection at their workplace.

For violation of the requirements of the Instruction, the employee is liable in accordance with applicable law.

2. General safety requirements

2.1. Persons at least 18 years of age who have undergone a preliminary medical examination and have no contraindications to perform this work are allowed to work in this profession.

2.2. An employee undergoes an introductory briefing upon hiring. Before admission to independent work, he must pass:

• training in professional training programs;
• initial briefing at the workplace;
• test of knowledge of instructions:
• on labor protection;
• to provide first aid to victims of accidents at work;
• on the use of protective equipment necessary for the safe performance of work;
• on fire safety.

For employees who have the right to prepare a workplace, admission, the right to be a work supervisor, an observer and a team member, it is necessary to check the knowledge of the Intersectoral labor protection rules (safety rules) for the operation of electrical installations (hereinafter referred to as the Rules) to the extent corresponding to the duties of responsible persons for labor protection .

2.3. Admission to independent work is issued by an appropriate order for the structural unit of the enterprise.

2.4. A newly hired employee is issued a qualification certificate, in which an appropriate entry must be made about checking knowledge of the instructions and rules specified in clause 2.2, and about the right to perform special work.

The qualification certificate for on-duty personnel during the performance of official duties may be kept by the shop shift supervisor or with him in accordance with local conditions.

2.5. Employees who have not passed the knowledge test within the established time limits are not allowed to work independently.

2.6. The employee in the process of work must pass:

• repeated briefings - at least once a quarter;
• verification of knowledge of the instructions for labor protection and the current instructions for providing first aid to victims of accidents at work - once a year;
• medical examination - once every two years;
• checking the knowledge of the Rules for employees who have the right to prepare a workplace, admission, the right to be a foreman, supervisor or team member - once a year.

2.7. Employees who have received an unsatisfactory mark during a qualification test are not allowed to work independently and must undergo a second test no later than one month.

In case of violation of labor protection rules, depending on the nature of the violation, an unscheduled briefing or an extraordinary knowledge test is carried out.

2.8. The victim or eyewitness must immediately notify his/her immediate supervisor of each accident or accident.

2.9. Each employee must know the location of the first aid kit and be able to use it.

2.10. If faulty devices, tools and protective equipment are found, the employee must inform his/her immediate supervisor about this.

It is not allowed to work with faulty devices, tools and protective equipment.

To avoid electric shock, do not touch or step on broken overhanging wires.

2.11. In electrical installations, people, mechanisms and hoisting machines are not allowed to approach energized, unprotected live parts at distances less than those indicated in Table 1.

Table 1. Permissible distances to live parts under voltage

* Constant current.

2.12. It is not allowed to clutter up approaches to shields with fire-fighting equipment and to fire hydrants, as well as to use fire-fighting equipment for other purposes.

2.13. The following hazardous and harmful production factors are possible at the workplace of an electrician:

• increased value of the voltage of the electrical circuit;
• reduced air temperature of the working area when performing work outdoors;
• work at height.

2.14. Appropriate personal protective equipment must be used to protect against exposure to hazardous and harmful factors.

To protect against electric shock, it is necessary to use the following electrical protective equipment: dielectric gloves, boots, galoshes, rugs, stands, masonry, caps, grounding devices, insulating rods and pliers, voltage indicators, plumbing and assembly tools with insulating handles, fencing devices, posters and safety signs.

Work in areas with low ambient temperature should be done in warm overalls, alternating with time for heating.

When staying in rooms with operating technological equipment (with the exception of control panels), it is necessary to wear a protective helmet to protect the head from being hit by random objects.

When working at a height of more than 1,3 m above the ground, floor, platform, it is necessary to use a safety belt.

2.15. The electrician must be given overalls, special footwear and other personal protective equipment free of charge in accordance with the nature of the work performed.

3. Safety requirements before starting work

3.1. Before accepting a shift, the electrician:

• tidies up the uniform. Sleeves and floors of overalls should be fastened with all buttons, hair should be removed under a helmet. Clothing must be tucked in so that there are no hanging ends or fluttering parts. Shoes should be closed and low heels. It is not allowed to roll up the sleeves of overalls;
• finds out from the dispatcher on duty the state of the power supply circuit of the serviced area, gets acquainted with all changes in the electrical circuit that occurred in his absence;
• checks the completeness and suitability of protective equipment and devices, the absence of external damage (the integrity of the varnish cover of insulating protective equipment, the absence of punctures, cracks, breaks in dielectric gloves and boots, the integrity of goggle glasses);
• for fitter's claws and manholes, it is necessary to check the integrity of welds, carbide spikes and their tightening, the integrity of the stitching of belts and buckles;
• sets the date for the next test (the expiration date is determined by the stamp).

Protective equipment, devices, tools and devices with defects or with an expired test period must be removed and reported to your immediate supervisor.

3.2. It is necessary to familiarize yourself with the orders issued to the teams for the production of work.

3.3. After completing the above measures, the electrician reports to the dispatcher on duty about the acceptance of the shift and readiness to start work.

4. Safety requirements during work

4.1. Check at the workplace the integrity of the protective grounding of the equipment, the absence of destruction of reinforced concrete supports, as well as the integrity of the insulators of switching devices.

4.2. In electrical installations, people, mechanisms and hoisting machines are not allowed to approach energized non-shielded live parts at distances less than those indicated in Table 1 (clause 2.11).

4.3. In electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V, during inspection, it is not allowed to enter rooms, chambers that are not equipped with fences or barriers that prevent approaching live parts at distances less than those indicated in the table.

It is not allowed to open the doors of the fences and penetrate the fences and barriers.

4.4. When performing work on live parts energized up to 1000 V, it is necessary:

• to protect other current-carrying parts located near the workplace, under voltage, to which accidental contact is possible;
• work in dielectric galoshes;
• use a tool with insulating handles (screwdrivers must have an insulated shaft); in the absence of such a tool, use dielectric gloves.
• It is unacceptable to work in clothes with short or rolled up sleeves, as well as to use hacksaws, files, metal meters, etc.).

4.5. Switching is not allowed if the purpose and sequence of operations are not clear.

4.6. When switching on and off switching devices and applying portable grounding, the following safety measures must be observed:

• portable grounding must be installed by at least two workers; turn on and off grounding knives, remove portable grounding is allowed alone;
• before installing portable grounding, check the absence of voltage on live parts (the serviceability of the voltage indicator must be checked with a special device or at a known electrical installation);
• do not touch the grounding slope when installing portable grounding;
• to switch switching devices with voltages above 1000 V with a manual drive, it is necessary to wear dielectric gloves.

4.7. Before switching, make sure that the selected connection to the switching device is correct.

4.8. Unauthorized blocking is not allowed.

4.9. Before turning off or on the disconnector, separator, it is necessary to carefully inspect them and determine the technical condition.

If cracks on insulators and other damages are found on the listed switching devices, it is not allowed to perform operations with them.

4.10. At the beginning of operations with the disconnector, a test movement is made with the drive lever in order to make sure that the rods are in good condition, that there are no swings and breakages of the insulators.

4.11. The disconnectors are switched on by manual drives quickly, but without impact at the end of the stroke. When an arc appears, the knives should not be retracted, as if the contacts diverge, the arc may lengthen and cause a short circuit. The closing operation must in all cases continue to the end.

4.12. Disconnecting disconnectors should be done slowly and carefully.

If at the moment of divergence of contacts between them there is a strong arc, the disconnectors must be immediately turned on and until the reasons for the formation of the arc are clarified, operations with them should not be performed, except in cases where the magnetizing and charging currents are turned off. Operations in these cases must be carried out quickly to ensure that the arc on the contacts is extinguished.

4.13. In case of a ground fault in electrical installations with a voltage of 6-35 kV, it is allowed to approach the detected fault location at a distance of less than 4 m in indoor switchgear (ZRU) and less than 8 m on overhead power lines (VL) only for operational switching in order to free people trapped under tension, and localization of damage. In this case, you should use electrical protective equipment (dielectric boots, galoshes).

4.14. It is necessary to remove and install fuses when the voltage is off. At the same time, the necessary technical measures must be taken (checking the absence of voltage, grounding, etc.).

Under voltage, but without load, it is allowed to remove and install fuses on connections in the circuit of which there are no switching devices that allow you to remove voltage.

Voltage transformer fuses can be replaced under voltage and under load.

4.15. When removing and installing fuses under voltage, you must use the following protective equipment:

• in electrical installations with voltage up to 1000 V - insulating pliers or dielectric gloves and goggles;
• in electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V - insulating tongs (rod) using dielectric gloves and goggles.

4.16. It is not allowed to use uncalibrated fuses and fuses.

4.17. In electrical installations with voltage up to 1000 V, it is not allowed to use "control" lamps to check the absence of voltage due to the risk of injury from an electric arc and glass fragments.

4.18. In electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V, it is necessary to use a voltage indicator with dielectric gloves.

4.19. Before climbing onto the support, make sure that the support is sufficiently stable and strong. If the strength of the support is in doubt (insufficient penetration, swelling of the soil, rotting of wood, cracks and burnouts in concrete, the slope is above the norm, etc.), it is not allowed to climb it without fixing it.

The need for and ways to strengthen the support should be determined by the contractor.

Work on strengthening the support with the help of guy wires should be carried out from a telescopic tower or other mechanism for lifting people, or from a support installed nearby, or special fastening devices should be used for this, for hanging which it is not necessary to climb the support. In the case of using braces with hooks, the latter must be equipped with safety locks.

Supports not designed for one-sided tension of wires and cables and temporarily subjected to such tension must also be strengthened before lifting. It is not allowed to violate the integrity of the wires on the intermediate supports without first strengthening them.

4.20. When climbing the support and working on it, it is necessary to use a safety belt, the sling of which should be wound behind the support post.

It is not allowed to climb and work on corner supports with pin insulators from the side of the inner corner.

During the performance of any work on the support, it is necessary to rely on both claws (holes), secured with a safety belt.

5. Safety requirements in emergency situations

5.1. In the event of an emergency (accident, fire, natural disaster), immediately stop work and report the situation to higher operational personnel.

5.2. In cases of urgency, perform the necessary switching with subsequent notification of higher operational personnel.

5.3. In the event of a fire:

5.3.1. Notify all workers in the production area and take measures to extinguish the fire. Burning parts of electrical installations and electrical wiring under voltage should be extinguished with carbon dioxide fire extinguishers.

5.3.2. Take measures to call your immediate supervisor or other officials to the scene of the fire.

5.3.3. According to the operational situation, the local operational fire fighting plan should be acted upon.

5.4. In the event of an accident, it is necessary to immediately release the victim from the impact of the traumatic factor, provide him with first (pre-medical) medical care and inform the immediate supervisor about the accident.

5.5. When releasing the victim from the action of electric current, it is necessary to ensure that you yourself do not come into contact with the current-carrying part or under step voltage.

6. Safety requirements at the end of work

6.1. Make changes to the scheme and operational documentation that occurred during the shift.

6.2. After the completion of the work, it is necessary to put the workplace in order. Remove protective equipment in the places provided for them.

6.3. Take off overalls, put them and other personal protective equipment in the work clothes closet.

6.4. Wash up, take a shower.

7. List of accepted abbreviations

• AGP Field extinguishing machine
• ACS Automated control system
• PBX Automatic telephone exchange
• VL Overhead power line
• VLAN Overhead communication line
• HF communication High-frequency communication
• Main control panel Main control panel
• ZRU Enclosed switchgear
• IC Measuring (test) stand
• CL Cable power line
• KLS Cable communication line
• KRU (KRUN) Complete switchgear of indoor (outdoor) installation
• KTP Complete transformer substation
• MTP Mast transformer substation
• NRP Unattended regeneration point
• NUP Unattended reinforcement point
• OVB Operational Field Brigade
• Outdoor switchgear
• OUP Serviced amplification point
• POR Work Management Design
• PPR Project for the production of works
• PRP HR Rules
• PUE Rules for the installation of electrical installations
• RZA Relay protection and automation
• RP Distribution point
• RU Switchgear
• SDTU Dispatch and process control facilities (cable and overhead lines of communication and telemechanics, high-frequency channels, communication and telemechanics devices)
• SMO Construction and installation organization
• SNiP Building codes and regulations
• TAI Devices for thermal automatics, thermal measurements and protection, means of remote control, signaling and technical means of automated control systems
• TP Transformer Substation
• EU Electrolysis Plant

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