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Brazilian alfalfa (tropical alfalfa, stylo, slender stylosant). Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application

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Content

1. Photos, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
2. Genus, family, origin, range, chemical composition, economic importance
3. Botanical description, reference data, useful information, illustrations
4. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology
5. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing

Brazilian alfalfa (tropical alfalfa, stylo, slender stylosant), Stylosanthes guianensis. Photos of the plant, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism

Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism

Sort by: Stylosanthes

Family: Legumes (Fabaceae)

Origin: South America (Brazil)

Area: Brazilian alfalfa is distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, including Africa, Asia and Australia.

Chemical composition: Brazilian alfalfa is rich in protein, sugars, minerals (calcium, phosphorus, potassium) and vitamins (A, B1, B2, C, E). Also contains tannins, saponins and alkaloids.

Economic value: Brazilian alfalfa is widely used as a fodder crop for livestock and pigs due to its high protein and nutrient content. The plant is also used for green manure, soil erosion control and as a honey plant.

Legends and myths: Alfalfa brazilian can symbolize vitality due to its ability to remain viable even in an unfavorable environment. Alfalfa brazilian can be a symbol of sustainability due to its ability to survive and grow even in difficult conditions. In general, Alfalfa brazilian can be a symbol of growth and development, fertility, vitality, sustainability and cooperation.

Brazilian alfalfa (tropical alfalfa, stylo, slender stylosant). Stylosanthes guianensis. Description, illustrations of the plant

Brazilian alfalfa (tropical alfalfa, stylo, slender stylosant), Stylosanthes guianensis. Methods of application, origin of the plant, range, botanical description, cultivation

Brazilian alfalfa - Stylosanthes guianensis (Aubl) Sw. (syn. Stylosanthes gracilis H. V. K.) is one of the best, most common leguminous grasses of the tropical belt. It is successfully grown as a pasture, ground cover and green manure crop, and is also used for hay, grass meal and silage mixed with cereal grasses. Brazilian alfalfa has many good forage qualities.

This culture forms quite high yields of green mass and hay. From 1 ha of sowing for 1 mowing, from 15 to 70 tons of green mass or 4,0-14,5 tons of dry are obtained. It gives the highest and most stable yields when grown in a mixture with cereal grasses.

Brazilian alfalfa is not inferior to many other legumes in terms of the total content of nutrients in the feed mass and the amount of digestible. According to the content of protein, amino acids, fiber and ash, it is close to the sowing alfalfa, but surpasses it in the amount of lipids (over 18%) and contains significantly less nitrogen-free extractive substances.

The above-ground mass of Brazilian alfalfa contains (per absolutely dry matter) from 12,1 to 18,1% of protein and from 21,7 to 40% of fiber. Protein digestibility coefficient is about 53% and fiber - 42,2%. The total amount of digestible substances in the green mass of the Brazilian alfalfa is more than 60%, and in the sowing alfalfa under the same conditions - about 55%.

Green mass and hay of Brazilian alfalfa are well eaten by animals, especially in the early phases of the growing season. When ensiling the green mass of its mixed crops with cereal grasses, an excellent silage is obtained, especially when molasses is added in an amount of 1%. The use of this crop as a predecessor significantly increases the yield of cotton (by 30%), sisal and other crops.

Brazilian alfalfa is native to South America.

In culture, it has an extensive area - from 23 ° C. sh. in America, 19 °C. sh. in Asia and up to 22° 45' S. sh. In South America. In the altitudinal direction, the Brazilian alfalfa reaches 1000 m in Brazil, Costa Rica and 2000 m in Colombia. It is grown in almost all tropical regions of America, Australia, India, and in recent years - in many countries of tropical Africa.

Brazilian, or tropical, alfalfa, stylo, slender stylosant, is a perennial bush plant. The root system is taproot, well developed, mostly more than 80% of the total mass is located in the arable soil layer. Small and medium nodules are formed on the root.

Stems erect and recumbent, up to 1,5-2,0 m long, strongly branched, pubescent, rooting at the nodes. Individual bushes up to 2 m in diameter.

Leaves trifoliate, pubescent. Petioles 0,6-1,5 cm long, leaflets elliptical, 1,5-5,5 cm long and 0,5-1,3 cm wide.

Flowers form complex apical spike-shaped inflorescences, yellow or reddish-yellow, hooked beans

Seeds are small, yellowish-brown. In the harvest from 30 to 75% of hard seeds. The weight of 1000 seeds is about 3-4 g. The yield of seeds is 0,1-0,3 tons per 1 ha, sometimes reaching 0,5 tons per 1 ha or more.

Seed material is considered conditioned with a germination rate of at least 40%. Seeds already and the 2-3rd year sharply reduce germination. With a sufficient amount of moisture in the soil and heat, seedlings appear on the 8-6th day after sowing.

Plants have extended vegetation phases. Flowering occurs approximately 2 months after germination and lasts up to 2-3 months, which causes unfriendly seed ripening. Usually flowering takes place in June - August in the north of Queensland, in March - May - in Malaysia, in June - July - in Colombia and in January - February - in the north of Nigeria. The soil is covered with herbage most often 3 months after sowing. The growing season lasts 5-7 months or more.

Brazilian alfalfa is a long-lived, multi-crop plant. It forms a good herbage for 6 and pain years. However, its yields decrease from the 4th year of life. Gives 3-4 cuttings per year. Very resistant to repeated grazing by livestock.

For cultivation on pastures, local and breeding varieties of Schofield, Oxley, Cook, Deodoro I, Deodoro II, Endeavor, C. P. 1-11 491, FAO-13 821 and others are used, adapted to various tropical and subtropical conditions. The most widespread of them was Schofield, Oxley, Endeavor.

The Schofield variety is characterized by early flowering, high productivity in areas with high rainfall (1000-1700 mm or more), where there are no frosts.

The Oxley variety, unlike Schofield, has thin stems, smaller leaves (1,5-3,5 cm long and 0,3-0,5 cm wide), is more resistant to drought, grazing and some frost resistance, but does not have a high yield potential. The variety is grown in drier to tropical and subtropical regions with an annual rainfall of 625-1500 mm, where it forms crops in the cool period. Variety Oxley is almost equivalent to variety C. R. 1-11 491.

The Endeavor variety is common in areas of good moisture. Currently, work is underway on the hybridization of various plant forms in order to recombine useful traits.

Brazilian alfalfa is a warm and photophilous plant. Favorable temperature for seed germination is 22-27 °C. Its intensive growth is possible at temperatures above 10 °C. The optimum temperature for plant development is 22-30 °C. A higher need for heat (25-30 °C) is observed during the flowering period.

Plants are very sensitive to low temperatures. At 0 °C, the leaves fall, and at -2,5 °C, the plants die. However, they tolerate heat well (up to 43 ° C).

Brazilian alfalfa is a short day plant and is highly responsive to light duration. The most favorable conditions for flowering are created at a day length of 10-12 hours. The lengthening of daylight hours greatly delays flowering and significantly reduces seed yield.

Brazilian alfalfa is a fairly moisture-loving and drought-resistant plant. It grows well in a moderately humid zone with an annual rainfall of 900-1700 mm. It occurs in areas with an annual rainfall of 2500 to 4000 mm. It is also grown in arid areas with an annual rainfall of 625-875 mm and a dry season of up to 8 months. However, under these conditions, low yields are formed.

Brazilian alfalfa does not place great demands on the soil. It grows on ferrallitic, siallitic and allitic soils of different mechanical composition, from sandy to clayey, with a pH of 4,5-8. It can grow well in sandy, marginal soils and improve the fertility of very poor soils. The formation of nodules is possible at pH 4,5. At the same time, its successful development and the largest yields are on sandy and loamy, well-drained soils with a pH of 6,5-7,0. Very acidic, excessively moist and saline soils are unsuitable for it. In mixed crops, Brazilian alfalfa can provide nitrogen to cereal grasses and improve soil fertility.

Grain-legume grass mixtures with Brazilian alfalfa, fertilized with phosphorus and sulfur, are equivalent to the annual production of cereal grass with the introduction of 157 kg of nitrogen per 1 ha.

This crop needs significant amounts of phosphorus, potassium, nitrogen, calcium and trace elements. Its high need for nutrition is determined primarily by the ability to produce large yields of above-ground mass with a high protein content. Of the nutrients, phosphorus is the most important for Brazilian alfalfa. If nodules do not develop on the roots, then it responds well to the introduction of nitrogen, even on fertile soils.

Plants respond positively to molybdenum, copper and sulfur (on sandy soil). In most cases, to obtain high yields, the combined application of phosphorus, molybdenum, potassium and nitrogen is necessary.

Land development for Brazilian alfalfa usually involves mowing, removing all vegetation, or burning the savannah. This is followed by shallow plowing with a disc plow and pre-sowing treatment with a milling cutter or disc implements to ensure a good cut of the soil. Satisfactory results are also obtained by sowing without tillage on the scorched savannah.

When weeds germinate, it is recommended to use amine salt and other herbicides. Under the main tillage, phosphorus, potash fertilizers and nitrogen fertilizers in small doses should be applied, and when sowing, granulated superphosphate. In Zaire, good results have been obtained from the application of 200 kg of double superphosphate, 100 kg of ammonium nitrate and 50 kg of potassium sulfate per 1 ha. The combination of phosphorus with molybdenum is very effective.

The application of 250 kg per 1 ha of molybdenized superphosphate increases the yield of green mass of Brazilian alfalfa by 23% and the content of crude protein in it by 0,47%. The application of copper sulfate (11 kg/ha) and sulfur on sandy soils (33 kg/ha in Uganda) has had a positive effect.

For propagation, seeds and stem cuttings are used. Seeds before sowing are cleaned of impurities, scarified, inoculated. Good results are obtained by pre-sowing soaking them in water at a temperature of 55 ° C for 25 minutes or keeping them in technical sulfuric acid for 10 minutes. To combat fungal diseases, seeds should be treated with dialdrin, fernazone or other effective drugs.

To create a pasture, Brazilian alfalfa is sown randomly and in the usual ordinary way with a seeding rate of 3-5 kg ​​of seeds per 1 ha. Good results are provided by sowing with the help of aviation.

For seed purposes and silage in a mixture with cereal grasses and other fodder crops, it is sown in wide rows with row spacing of 25-60 cm and with a seeding rate of 0,5-3,0 kg/ha. Seeds are planted to a depth of 1-1,5 cm. Sometimes Brazilian alfalfa is sown in natural pastures.

Usually sowing is carried out in the rainy season and less often in the dry season.

During vegetative propagation, stem cuttings with 3 buds are planted according to the scheme 0,6 x 0,6 m or 1-2 x 1-2 m. From 1 to 5 cuttings are placed in each nest. When planting, it is recommended to add 50 g of phosphorus to the nest.

Brazilian alfalfa is widely used in joint crops with giparrenia, Guatemalan, Rhodes, molasses, Guinea grass, paragrass, golden foxtail, Kikuyu grass and other cereals. In Zambia, Uganda, it is successfully grown with giparrenia, golden foxtail, in Madagascar - with ruzitskaya branch.

In the Congo, a legume-grass mixture of Brazilian alfalfa - 0,6 kg, golden foxtail - 5, rhodes grass - 1, paragras Emin - 0,4 and ruzitskaya branch - 5 kg of seeds per 1 ha gives good yields. This alfalfa grows well under the canopy of coconut and oil palms. In Laos, there is a method of underseeding Brazilian alfalfa into growing rice 35 days after it has been planted. After the rice is harvested, the herbage is used as a pasture.

During the period of caring for crops, they fight weeds and apply fertilizers. On wide-row crops, the row spacing is loosened until the rows close.

The first mowing is carried out 3 months after sowing or planting at a height of 20-25 cm. Subsequent mowing in the rainy season is possible after 45-90 days. On pastures, it is recommended to graze animals for 7 days with an interval of 4 to 8 weeks. In Uganda, on a cereal-legume pasture of Brazilian alfalfa and hyparrhenia, grazing for 7 days with a rest of 28 days and grazing for 3,5 days with a rest of 14 days is practiced.

For seed purposes, Brazilian alfalfa is harvested when 30% of the seeds are ripe in the crop.

Authors: Baranov V.D., Ustimenko G.V.

Brazilian alfalfa (tropical alfalfa, stylo, slender stylosant), Stylosanthes guianensis. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology

Ethnoscience:

• Treatment of diabetes: Mix dried brazilian alfalfa leaf powder with water and drink this mixture several times a day. This recipe helps lower blood glucose levels in people with diabetes.
• Treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract: brew dried brazilian alfalfa leaves in boiling water and drink this infusion several times a day. This recipe helps improve digestion, reduce inflammation of the lining of the stomach and intestines, and reduce the symptoms of colitis.
• Joint pain treatment: Apply brazilian alfalfa seed oil to the affected joint. It helps reduce inflammation and pain in the joints.
• Treatment of arteriosclerosis: Mix dried brazilian alfalfa leaf powder with honey and eat this mixture several times a day. This recipe helps improve blood circulation and lower blood cholesterol levels.
• Cold treatment: brew dried brazilian alfalfa leaves in boiling water and drink this infusion several times a day. This recipe helps reduce cold symptoms and strengthen the immune system.

Cosmetology:

• Mask for the face: Mix dried Brazilian alfalfa leaf powder with honey and apply on face for 15-20 minutes. This mask helps to moisturize the skin, improve texture and make it brighter.
• Skin whitening cream: Mix dried brazilian alfalfa leaf powder with a little coconut oil. Apply this mixture on dark spots on the skin and leave it on for a few minutes. This will help reduce pigmentation and whiten the skin.
• Shampoo: Add dried brazilian alfalfa leaf powder to your regular shampoo. Use this shampoo to cleanse and strengthen your hair.
• Hand cream: mix Brazilian alfalfa seed oil with other natural oils such as jojoba or almond oil. Use this hand cream to moisturize and soften your skin.
• Nail strengthener: mix Brazilian alfalfa seed oil with olive oil. Apply this mixture on your nails and massage for a few minutes. It helps to strengthen the nails and prevent them from breaking.

Attention! Before use, consult with a specialist!

Brazilian alfalfa (tropical alfalfa, stylo, slender stylosant), Stylosanthes guianensis. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing

Brazilian alfalfa, also known as tropical alfalfa, stylo, or slender stylosant, is a fodder plant that is widely used in animal husbandry.

Tips for growing, harvesting and storing Brazilian alfalfa:

Cultivation:

• Brazilian alfalfa can be grown in tropical and subtropical conditions.
• It prefers a sunny location and fertile soil with good drainage capacity.
• Brazilian alfalfa seeds should be planted in the ground in spring or early summer.
• Plants should be planted at a distance of about 30 cm from each other.
• During the season, you should regularly water the plants and feed them with fertilizers.

Workpiece:

• Brazilian alfalfa should be harvested when flowers appear on it.
• Flowers and tops of plants should be cut off leaving the root and stem.
• Cut plants should be dried in the sun or in special dryers.
• The dried plants can then be turned into livestock feed or used to make tea.

Storage:

• Dried alfalfa brazilian plants can be stored in a dry place at room temperature for up to 6 months.
• Alfalfa brazilian can also be used to produce silage or haylage, which can be stored in a cool, dry place for up to several months.

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