Safety instructions for the scraper operator

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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
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Safety instructions for the scraper operator. Full Document

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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Introduction

This industry standard instruction has been developed taking into account the requirements of legislative and other regulatory legal acts containing state labor protection requirements specified in the "General safety requirements" section of this document, and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation containing state regulatory labor protection requirements and is intended for scraper drivers when they perform work (development, movement and leveling of soils when arranging excavations, embankments, reserves, cavaliers and a banquet during the construction of roads and railways, canals, dams, protective earth dams, pits for buildings and structures) according to their profession and qualifications (hereinafter referred to as drivers).

General safety requirements

1. Persons at least 18 years of age who have undergone appropriate training and have professional skills before being allowed to work independently must undergo:

mandatory preliminary (when applying for a job) and periodic (during employment) medical examinations (examinations) for recognition as fit for work in the manner established by the Ministry of Health of Russia;
training in safe methods and techniques for performing work, briefing on labor protection, internships at the workplace and testing knowledge of labor protection requirements.

2. Drivers are obliged to comply with labor safety requirements to ensure protection from the impact of hazardous and harmful production factors related to the nature of work:

noise;
vibration;
increased content of dust and harmful substances in the air of the working area;
moving machines, mechanisms and their parts;
collapsing rocks.

3. To protect against general industrial pollution and mechanical impacts, drivers are required to use cotton semi-overalls provided by employers free of charge, combined mittens, suits with insulating padding and felt boots for the winter period.

Drivers must wear safety helmets when on site.

4. Being on the territory of the construction (production) site, in production and amenity premises, work sites and workplaces, drivers are required to comply with the internal labor regulations adopted in this organization.

Admission of unauthorized persons, as well as employees in a state of intoxication to these places is prohibited.

5. In the course of daily activities, drivers must:

apply during the operation of the machine for its intended purpose, in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturers;
keep the vehicle in good technical condition. Avoiding work with malfunctions in which operation is prohibited;
be careful during work and avoid violations of labor safety requirements.

6. Drivers are obliged to immediately notify their immediate or superior supervisor of any situation that threatens the life and health of people, about each accident that occurred at work, or about the deterioration of their health, including the appearance of an acute occupational disease (poisoning).

Safety requirements before starting work

7. Before starting work, drivers must:

put on overalls, special footwear of the established sample;
present to the work manager a certificate of knowledge of safe work methods and receive a task, taking into account labor safety, based on the specifics of the work performed.

8. After receiving the task to perform the work, the drivers must:

inspect with the work manager the location of underground structures and communications, which should be marked with flags or poles, and clarify the sequence of work and safety measures;
carry out daily maintenance in accordance with the operating instructions;
warn workers near the machine about starting the engine and make sure that the gearshift lever is in the neutral position;
start the engine;
after starting the engine, check the operation of all mechanisms at idle and the operation of the brakes at low speed.

9. Drivers are obliged not to start work in the event of the following violations of safety requirements:

in case of malfunctions or defects specified in the instructions of manufacturers, in which their operation is not allowed;
the presence of people, machines or equipment in the work area;
with a slope of the terrain exceeding that specified in the passport of manufacturers;
the presence of underground utilities at the place of work.

The detected violations of labor safety requirements must be eliminated on their own, and if it is impossible to do this, the drivers are obliged to immediately report them to the foreman or the work supervisor.

Safety requirements during work

10. Before starting the movement of the machine, the driver must make sure that there are no people in the movement zone and give a sound signal.

11. When performing earthworks, the driver must:

a) start excavation only after removing stumps, shrubs and large stones;

b) develop deep recesses with ledges;

c) do not allow the movement of the extreme wheel of the scraper along the embankment closer than one meter from the edge of the subgrade;

d) maintain a distance between scrapers moving towards each other or parallel, the interval in both cases must be at least 5 m;

e) to cut the soil only in a straight section of movement;

f) carry out the collection of soil with a trailed scraper only in the first gear, and unloading - in the second or third gears;

g) periodically stop and remove stones and other objects stuck between the tires of the rear twin wheels of the self-propelled scraper.

12. The driver in the process of work is not allowed:

a) transfer control of the machine to persons who do not have a scraper driver's license;

b) leave the car with the engine running;

c) carry unauthorized persons in the cabin;

d) get out of the cab and enter it on the go;

e) carry out soil development on slopes with a transverse slope of more than 30 °;

f) unload the scraper moving in reverse down the slope.

13. When working on slopes, it is prohibited:

a) make sharp turns

b) rotate the machine with a buried working body;

c) put the car across the slope, the angle of which exceeds the one indicated in the car's passport.

14. When backfilling excavations in the ground, the driver must make sure that there are no workers, equipment, tools and building materials in them. It is forbidden to move the scraper within the prism of slope collapse.

15. The operation of the scraper in the danger zone of a running excavator is not allowed. Work with a scraper in the area of the excavator is allowed only when the excavator is stopped. The excavator bucket must be lowered to the ground.

16. Simultaneous operation of two scrapers in a column is allowed with a distance between them of at least 20 m.

17. If it is necessary to clean the scraper bucket, the operator must brake the scraper, lower the bucket, secure the raised flap with a stop and use a long-handled shovel or scraper.

18. Unpacking and reeving of cables should be carried out in gloves with the scraper bucket lowered to the ground or hung on the locks.

19. When transporting the machine under its own power from one place of work to another, the driver must:

a) make sure that the bucket is raised to the extreme upper addition and does not touch objects encountered on the way;

b) follow the rules of the road;

c) prevent the scraper from turning with a radius of less than 15 m;

d) install signal red lights in case of a forced stop of the scraper on the road at night.

20. The trailed scraper should be hitched to the tractor with a hitch that must be securely fastened.

The tractor must be moved carefully at minimum speed, and the scraper drawbar must be raised on wooden blocks to the height of the tractor hitch.

21. Before loading the scraper onto the trailer, the driver must make sure that the trailer is in a stable position and braked. After loading, lower the bucket and secure the scraper with braces. During the transportation of the scraper, the presence of the driver in the cab is not allowed.

22. When servicing the scraper, the driver must stop the engine and relieve pressure in the hydraulic system.

23. When refueling the scraper, the combustible driver and persons nearby are not allowed to smoke and use fire. After refueling, the machine must be wiped from smudges of fuel and grease, and the oiled cleaning rags should be placed in a metal lockable box.

It is not allowed to make a fire at a distance of less than 50 m from the place of work or parking of the car.

24. If repair or routine inspection of the scraper is necessary, the bucket flap should be blocked with a stop in the raised position or the bucket should be lowered onto a solid and stable support.

25. Do not use leaded gasoline when washing parts.

Safety requirements in emergency situations

26. Having found underground communications and structures on the site during earthworks, as well as dangerous objects that were not indicated upon receipt of the assignment, the driver must immediately stop work and inform the work manager.

27. If the scraper malfunctions, the driver must put the machine on the side of the road or outside the work area and inform the person responsible for maintaining the machine in good condition.

28. In case of loss of stability of the scraper when moving the soil, the operator should lower the bucket, turn on the reverse gear and eliminate the roll of the machine.

29. If the scraper catches fire, the driver must take measures to extinguish the fire (using a fire extinguisher and improvised means: felt mat, tarpaulin, sand), if it is impossible to extinguish the fire himself, call the fire brigade and inform the work manager.

Safety requirements at the end of work

30. At the end of the work, the driver must:

a) put the car in the parking lot;

b) put the gearshift lever in the neutral position and apply the parking brake;

c) turn off the engine;

d) lock the cab;

e) inform the work manager or the person responsible for maintaining the machine in good condition about all the problems that have arisen during work.

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