Labor protection instruction for a tractor loader operator

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Instructions on labor protection for the driver of a tractor loader. Full Document

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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1. General provisions

1.1. Persons not younger than 18 years of age who have a certificate for the right to drive a loader and are recognized as fit for this work by a medical commission are allowed to drive a tractor loader.

1.2. The tractor loader driver hired must undergo an introductory briefing on labor protection, industrial sanitation, fire safety, techniques and methods of providing first aid to victims, must be familiarized with the working conditions, rules and benefits for working in harmful and dangerous working conditions against signature , on the rules of conduct in the event of an accident.

Before starting work directly at the workplace, the tractor loader driver must undergo an initial briefing on safe work methods.

On the conduct of introductory briefing and briefing at the workplace, appropriate entries are made in the Journal of introductory briefing on labor protection issues and the Journal of registration of briefings on labor protection issues. At the same time, the signatures of both the one who was instructed and the one who instructed are required.

1.3. The tractor loader driver (tractor driver), after the initial briefing at the workplace, must undergo an internship for 2-15 shifts (depending on length of service, experience and nature of work) under the guidance of an experienced qualified tractor loader driver, who is appointed by order (instruction) for the enterprise.

1.4. Repeated briefing on the rules and methods of safe work and labor protection, the operator of the tractor loader must pass:

periodically, at least once a quarter;
with unsatisfactory knowledge of labor protection no later than a month;
in connection with an admitted case of injury or violation of labor protection requirements that did not lead to injury.

1.5. To perform work with a tractor loader, it is necessary to issue a "work permit for carrying out work of increased danger." A work permit is issued for the entire duration of the work.

1.6. The work and movement of a tractor loader near a live power line must be carried out under the direct supervision of an engineering and technical worker.

1.7. The operation of a tractor loader near power lines is allowed only on condition that the distance in the air between the extreme point and the nearest wire of the power line is not less than the values \u1b\uXNUMXbgiven in Table. XNUMX.

Table 1

If it is impossible to comply with the above conditions, the power lines must be de-energized, both during the operation of the tractor loader and during its movement.

1.8. The tractor loader driver must work in overalls and footwear provided for by the Model Industry Standards:

cotton overalls, combined two-fingered mittens;
on external robots in winter - in a jacket and cotton trousers with insulated lining and felt boots.

Overalls, safety shoes must be in good working order and correspond to height and size. It is forbidden to work in clothes impregnated with fuels and lubricants.

1.9. The tractor loader driver must work on a serviceable machine in accordance with the requirements of the Tractor Loader Operating Instructions.

The tractor loader must be equipped with sound and light alarms, equipped with a first aid kit, powder or carbon dioxide fire extinguisher, as well as a blocking device that prevents the engine from starting when the gear is engaged or the power take-off shaft is engaged.

1.10. The driver's cab, controls and instruments must be clean, dry and free from foreign objects.

1.11. Do not store oiled or fuel-soaked cleaning materials, gasoline, kerosene or other flammable substances on the loader.

Spilled fuel, lubricating oil and used cleaning material must be cleaned up immediately to avoid possible fire.

1.12. The tractor loader is refueled using filling devices on a horizontal platform. Refueling of the loader at night is only allowed under artificial lighting. It is forbidden to use sources of open fire.

1.13. Filling the fuel tank of the starting engine with ethyl gasoline is only permitted by mechanized means. It is forbidden to fill the tank with ethyl gasoline directly from a bucket or other containers.

1.14. When transported on a trailer or railway platform, the tractor loader bucket is lowered and securely fixed, and the machine itself is fixed with stops (shoes) and wire extensions.

When transporting a tractor loader, it is forbidden for people to be on the trailer or in the cab of the loader.

1.15. Transport movements of the tractor loader can be carried out in all gears of the tractor with a slope and roll of not more than 8 °, while the beams - bucket handles must be inclined at an angle of 45 ° to the horizon.

1.16. It is allowed to cross the railway tracks only on solid flooring and in places specially designed for crossing, strictly guided by warning signs.

1.17. Before entering the bridge, you must first check the load capacity of the bridge (according to road signs) and make sure that its condition guarantees safe passage.

1.18. When hauling a loader in settlements and on highways, it is necessary to strictly adhere to the requirements of the "Rules of the Road of Ukraine".

1.19. If it is necessary to stop the tractor loader on the carriageway during the day, it should be protected with an emergency stop sign, and at night or in case of poor visibility - with a red flashing lamp installed at a distance of at least 20 m in built-up areas and 40 m - outside the built-up area.

2. Safety requirements before starting work

2.1. Before starting work, it is necessary to put on overalls, check the technical condition of the machine, the serviceability of the alarm and electric lighting systems, the availability and serviceability of the necessary tools. On tractor loaders with cable-and-block control, the condition of the ropes and the failure-free operation of the automatic operation of the brake, non-reversible drive should be checked, and on loaders with hydraulic control, the condition of the hydraulic system, the reliability of the connection of pipelines and the fastening of cylinders should be checked. In case of malfunctions, work on the machine is not allowed.

2.2. Before starting the engine, check the level of lubricating oil in the crankcases of the main and starting engines, filling with fuel and water. The tractor loader must be stopped, the clutch lever disengaged and the shift lever in neutral.

2.3. To facilitate starting the engine in winter, fluids with a low freezing point (antifreeze) should be used in the cooling system.

2.4. Refueling the engine cooling system of a tractor loader should be carried out only using dishes specially designed for this purpose (buckets with a spout, tanks, funnels). Refueling utensils must be cleaned of solid deposits, plaque and rust, washed with an alkaline solution and steamed. Refueling utensils must be labeled: "For antifreeze only".

When filling with antifreeze, it is necessary to take measures to prevent the ingress of petroleum products (gasoline, diesel fuel, oil, etc.) into it, since they lead to foaming of the antifreeze during engine operation.

2.5. Pour antifreeze into the cooling system without an expansion tank should not be up to the radiator neck, but 10% less than the volume of the cooling system, since during engine operation (when heated), antifreeze expands more than water, which can lead to its outflow.

Transfusion of antifreeze with a hose by sucking it in your mouth is prohibited.

Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water after handling antifreeze.

2.6. To prevent burns from steam or hot water (antifreeze), which are thrown out of the radiator when the engine overheats, the radiator cap must be removed with gloves on, standing on the windward side.

2.7. It is forbidden to use open fire to facilitate starting the engine in the cold season. Hot water should be poured into the radiator, and heated oil into the crankcase.

2.8. It is forbidden to work on a tractor loader that has a device for manually starting the engine using a starter cord. This applies to older models of tractor loaders, which must be equipped with an electric start engine.

2.9. When starting the engine with the starting handle, it must be taken with the right hand so that the fingers of the hand are on one side of the handle. It is forbidden to rotate the handle in a circle.

2.10. The site on which the tractor loader operates must be fenced and equipped with safety signs in accordance with GOST 12.4.026-76. When performing work on roads with open traffic, the place of work must be fenced off and appropriate road signs should be installed (DSTU 2586-94).

2.11. The driver must familiarize himself with the scope of work and the technology of the workflow, check the serviceability of the fences and the presence of warning signs, as well as familiarize himself with the relief and features of the site for cargo work, which should be planned without holes, humps and have a slope of no more than 8o.

2.12. The working platform and the place where the tractor shovel works at night must be adequately lit (except for headlights). It is forbidden to work on a tractor shovel without front and rear lights.

2.13. It is forbidden to work with a faulty or hard to hear sound signal, the operation of the mechanism at night with a faulty light alarm.

2.14. When the tractor loader driver leaves the cab for inspection, lubrication, cleaning, adjustment of components and mechanisms, the engine, winch and hydraulic cylinders, the bucket must be lowered to the ground, and the drive shaft must be turned off.

It is strictly forbidden for the tractor loader driver to enter the cab, as well as leave it with the bucket raised.

2.15. To ensure visibility in winter, window panes of cabins should be wiped with a mixture of salt and glycerin.

2.16. The car should have the following inscriptions:

on the guide rails: "Don't stand under the bucket";
on the walls of the cab, inside: "During operation, it is forbidden to open the doors and look out", "Before leaving the cab, lower the bucket to the ground and turn off the drive shaft."

3. Safety requirements during work

3.1. During operation, the tractor loader operator must be in the cab and carefully monitor the working bodies and the working platform. When moving, the bucket should not restrict the view of the site. It is not allowed to stay in the cabin of an unauthorized person.

3.2. When operating a tractor loader, it is prohibited:

work on a tractor loader with the cabin door open or removed;
to go to the place of work on a faulty tractor or with faulty loading equipment;
leave a car with a running engine unattended;
lift a load, the mass of which exceeds that specified in the technical characteristics of the loader;
fill the bucket with acceleration.

3.3. The loader driver must carefully monitor the movement of the bucket, as well as the readings of instrumentation, the normal operation of the engine and the correct operation of the control mechanisms, working equipment.

3.4. It is forbidden to turn around or drive over any obstacles with a load in the bucket, as the machine may overturn. The lifting height of the bucket with the load when moving around the site must ensure a stable position of the machine.

3.5. If it is necessary to inspect the bucket of a tractor loader from below, it should first be lowered onto special stands. It is forbidden to stay under the lifted working body of the loader, which holds the rope or hydraulic mechanism.

3.6. When loading, care must be taken not to capture large, oversized stones or frozen clods of material with the bucket, which, falling out of the bucket into the car body, can damage it and complicate the conditions for unloading the dump truck. If such cargo is in the bucket, it should be unloaded to the side for further processing.

3.7. With rope-block control, it is necessary to inspect the cables at least once every five days. If at the length of one step in the coil 10% of wire breaks of their total number are detected, then the cable is rejected. It is necessary to work with a cable in mittens.

3.8. It is not allowed to overheat the winch drum, brake bands and friction clutches, as well as the operation of the winch without a protective cover.

3.9. It is forbidden to unroll a cable that is wedged between the blocks when the bucket is raised.

3.10. If necessary, tighten the cables and guide them along the grooves of the winch drum of the tractor loader, work should be done with the bucket lowered, the power take-off shaft turned off by turning the winch gearbox shaft manually with the tractor crank.

When turning the winch drums by hand, it is necessary to securely hold the handle without letting go of it. This work should be done by the tractor loader driver and his assistant. One of them should be in the cockpit, and the second - near the handle. It is forbidden to involve outsiders in this work.

3.11. On machines with hydraulic control:

the safety valve of the hydraulic system must be sealed by a mechanic after checking it with a pressure gauge for the maximum allowable pressure;
it is necessary to monitor the serviceability of the hoses and their connections, as well as the pressure and temperature of the oil in the hydraulic system. Do not operate the loader if the oil temperature or oil pressure exceeds the maximum allowable value for this machine.

3.12. It is not allowed to adjust the safety valves of the hydraulic system, as well as other sealed valves, devices and components until the end of their warranty period.

3.13. When testing the hydraulic system, it is forbidden to be near the high pressure hoses.

3.14. All operations for maintenance, repair, troubleshooting, cleaning the engine and bucket of the tractor loader from dirt, as well as preparing it for work, should be performed only with the engine turned off, the bucket lowered onto the linings, and the moving and running parts are locked.

3.15. Maintenance and repair of the tractor loader should be carried out on flat areas cleared of foreign objects, where the stability of the loader is ensured, and sufficient illumination of all units and parts of the machine.

3.16. Sparking and high temperature work (welding, soldering, etc.) should generally not be carried out on a forklift, unless it is not possible to remove the part requiring repair. Welding and soldering work must be carried out at a distance of at least 10 m from the machine.

3.17. When carrying out electric welding work on a tractor loader, the driver must take measures that will prevent the occurrence of a fire (drain fuel from the tanks).

3.18. When using portable electric lamps, make sure that the cord and insulating rubber tube are in good condition, as well as that there is a warning grid. The voltage in portable lamps should be no more than 36 V.

3.19. When operating machines in the winter season, in addition to following the operating instructions, it is necessary:

before starting the machine, clear the tracks of ice in order to prevent breakage of the rings of the track links or breakage of the final drives;
when the machine is parked for a long time without work, install the caterpillars on wooden shields or straw mats;
make sure (carefully testing) that there are no frozen parts in the transmission mechanisms and control systems (especially friction and brake bands). Having found frozen parts, they should be warmed up;
check the pressure and temperature of lubricating oil, fuel and water according to the readings of the instruments;
do not allow gear shifting when driving in deep snow in order to prevent the machine from stopping and the tracks slipping;
when driving in deep snow, turn the machine smoothly and with the largest possible radius, without stopping the movement of the tracks: when turning, turn off the side clutch and slow down the track a little.

4. Safety requirements after finishing work

4.1. Having finished work, put the tractor loader in a specially designated place, brake the machine, lower the working body to the ground or special stands, turn off the power take-off shaft, put the gear lever in neutral position, turn off the engine, cut off the fuel supply and take measures to prevent starting tractor shovel engine by unauthorized persons.

Never leave the tractor loader with the engine running.

4.2. The tractor loader must be cleaned of dirt and inspected, while eliminating minor defects, in the cold season, drain the water from the radiator of the tractor loader and let the engine run without water for 2-3 minutes.

4.3. Tractor loader mechanisms must be lubricated in accordance with the Instructions, filled with fuel and lubricants. After that, lubricants should be removed to the warehouse, and tools and cleaning material - in special boxes.

4.4. At the end of the work, the tractor loader driver must take off his overalls, clean it from dust and other dirt and take it to the place designated for storage. Then wash your face and hands with warm water and soap or take a shower.

4.5. The driver must inform the mechanic or shift worker about all malfunctions revealed during the inspection or operation of the tractor loader.

5. Safety requirements in emergency situations

5.1. The tractor loader operator must immediately stop working if noise, crackling, screeching and other unusual phenomena appear in the engine, hydraulic system, cable-and-pull control or chassis and take measures to eliminate the malfunction.

5.2. If during the work the tractor loader bucket for some reason gets stuck in the raised position, you should give a sound signal, call technical assistance and make sure that unauthorized persons do not approach the tractor loader.

5.3. If a leak is detected in tanks, fuel and oil lines, it should be eliminated immediately. Wipe spills dry.

5.4. Certain parts of the tractor loader and electrical equipment may overheat. If you detect the smell of burning or smoke, you must stop working.

5.5. If the cable breaks, the winch drum must be immediately turned off, if the hose breaks, immediately turn off the pump and stop the engine.

5.6. When handing over the loader to a shift worker or a mechanic, it is necessary to warn him of all noticed malfunctions.

5.7. In the event of a fire on the tractor loader or near it, the driver must turn off the fuel line taps. The flame should be extinguished with a carbon dioxide or powder fire extinguisher, sand, earth, or covered with a tarpaulin, felt in order to stop air from accessing the fire source.

5.8. If it is not possible to extinguish the fire on your own, you must call the nearest fire brigade by telephone, radio or any other means of communication.

5.9. If there is a danger of the loader tipping over while its lifting mechanism is in operation, it is necessary to immediately stop lifting the load. When driving with or without a load on an incline and there is a risk of overturning, steps should be taken to stop the truck without sharp turns in the uphill direction.

5.10. In case of accidents, the tractor loader driver must be able to provide first aid to the injured.

6. Additional requirements

6.1. Tractor loader travel speed, km/h:

a) working - 2,36-4,5;

b) transport - 5,15-10,85 depending on the technical characteristics of the loader.

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