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Instruction on labor protection for a tower crane operator. Full Document

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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Introduction

This industry standard instruction has been developed taking into account the requirements of legislative and other regulatory legal acts containing state labor protection requirements specified in the "General safety requirements" section of this document, as well as PB 10-382-00 "Rules for the design and safe operation of cranes", approved by the Decree of Gosgortekhnadzor of December 31.12.99, 98 N 17.08.2000, does not need state registration (letter of the Ministry of Justice of Russia of August 6884, XNUMX N XNUMX-ER), intersectoral labor protection rules (safety rules) during the operation of electrical installations and is intended for tower crane operators (hereinafter, machinists) in the management, maintenance and preventive maintenance of these cranes according to their profession and qualifications.

General safety requirements

1. Employees at least 18 years of age who have undergone appropriate training, have II electrical safety group and professional skills, before being allowed to work independently, must undergo:

• mandatory preliminary (when applying for a job) and periodic (during employment) medical examinations (examinations) for recognition as fit for work in the manner established by the Ministry of Health of Russia;
• training in safe methods and techniques for performing work, briefing on labor protection, internships at the workplace and testing knowledge of labor protection requirements.

2. Admission to work for drivers and their assistants must be issued by order of the owner of the crane. Before being appointed to a position, machinists must be trained in the relevant programs and certified in the manner prescribed by the rules of the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia. When transferring a crane operator from one crane to another of the same design, but of a different model, the administration of the organization is obliged to familiarize them with the features of the device and maintenance of the crane and provide training.

3. Drivers are obliged to comply with the requirements of this instruction, as well as the requirements of the instructions of manufacturers for the operation of cranes controlled by them to ensure protection from the effects of hazardous and harmful production factors associated with the nature of the work:

• noise;
• vibration;
• increased content of dust and harmful substances in the air of the working area;
• finding a workplace near a height difference of 1,3 m or more;
• increased voltage in the electrical circuit, the closure of which can pass through the human body;
• moving machines, mechanisms and their parts;
• overturning of cars, falling of their parts.

4. To protect against general industrial pollution and mechanical impacts, drivers are required to use cotton overalls provided by employers free of charge, rubber boots, combined mittens, suits with insulating padding and felt boots for the winter period.

Drivers must wear safety helmets when on site. When servicing electrical installations, the driver must use dielectric gloves.

5. Being on the territory of the construction (production) site, in production and amenity premises, work sites and workplaces, drivers are required to comply with the internal labor regulations adopted in this organization.

Admission of unauthorized persons, as well as employees in a state of intoxication to these places is prohibited.

6. In the course of daily activities, drivers must:

• use a crane during operation for its intended purpose, in accordance with the instructions of manufacturers;
• maintain the machine in a technically sound condition, preventing operation with malfunctions in which operation is prohibited;
• be careful during work and avoid violations of labor safety requirements.

7. Drivers are obliged to immediately notify their immediate or superior manager about any situation that threatens the life and health of people, about every accident that occurs at work, or about a deterioration in their health, including the appearance of an acute occupational disease (poisoning).

Safety requirements before starting work

8. Before starting work, drivers must:

• put on overalls, special footwear of the established sample;
• present to the manager a certificate of verification of knowledge of safe working methods and receive a task taking into account ensuring labor safety based on the specifics of the work performed.

9. After receiving the task to perform the work, the drivers must:

a) check the serviceability of crane structures and mechanisms, including:

• inspect the crane mechanisms, their fastening and brakes, as well as the running gear and anti-theft devices;
• check the presence and serviceability of the guards of mechanisms and electrical equipment;
• check the lubrication of gears, bearings and ropes, as well as the condition of lubricators and glands;
• inspect in accessible places the metal structures of the crane (tower, boom, portal) and the connections of individual sections of the tower, boom and its suspension elements;
• inspect the hook and its fastening in the holder and the locking device;
• check the serviceability of the counterweight and the reliability of fastening of its elements;
• check the availability and serviceability of safety devices and devices on the crane (limit switches, load capacity indicator depending on the reach, anemometer, load limiter, etc.);
• check the serviceability of the lighting of the crane and the working area;
• inspect crane tracks and dead ends;
• inspect the flexible current-carrying cable, as well as grounding conductors;
• check the presence of passages with a width of at least 700 mm between the crane and the building under construction or other structures and objects along the entire path of the crane.

b) together with the slinger, check the compliance of removable load-handling devices with the mass and nature of the cargo, their serviceability and the presence of stamps or tags on them indicating the carrying capacity, test date and number;

c) inspect the installation site and the crane operation area and make sure that the lifting capacity of the crane and the reach of the boom correspond to the nature of the work performed, and that there are no temporary or permanent places for people in the crane operation area.

After inspecting the crane, the driver is obliged to check all the mechanisms of the crane, the operation of the brakes, safety devices, and radio communications.

10. Drivers are obliged not to start work in the event of the following violations of safety requirements:

a) in case of malfunctions or defects specified in the instructions of manufacturers, in which their operation is not allowed;

b) defects in load-handling devices or their inconsistency with the nature of the work performed;

c) non-compliance of the characteristics of the crane in terms of lifting capacity and boom reach with the conditions of work;

d) the presence of people, machines or equipment in the work area;

Detected violations of labor safety requirements must be eliminated on their own, and if it is impossible to do this, the drivers must immediately report them to the person responsible for the safe operation of cranes, as well as the person responsible for the safe operation of the crane.

Safety requirements during work

11. While operating the crane, the driver must not be distracted from his direct duties, as well as clean, lubricate and repair the mechanisms.

It is not allowed to get on and off the crane while the moving, turning or lifting mechanisms are in operation.

12. When servicing the crane by two persons - the driver and his assistant or if there is a trainee on the crane, none of them should leave the crane even for a short time without warning the person remaining on the crane.

If it is necessary to leave the crane, the driver must stop the engine. In the absence of the driver, his assistant or trainee is not allowed to operate the crane.

13. Before switching on the mechanisms for moving cargo, the driver must make sure that there are no unauthorized persons in the area of ​​cargo movement and give a warning sound signal.

14. The driver is not allowed to combine the operation of individual mechanisms for moving the load, if this is not allowed by the operating manual of the crane of the manufacturer, as well as changing the outreach of the boom during the slinging of the load or its unstrapping.

15. Turning on and stopping the crane mechanisms should be done smoothly without jerks. Rapid lowering of the load, as well as its descent by forced release of the brakes, is prohibited, except in the case of an unauthorized power off and the load is in the raised position.

16. The driver must not transfer the operation of mechanisms from forward to reverse until they stop completely, except in cases where it is necessary to prevent an accident or an accident.

17. The operation of the crane mechanisms near the limit switches must be carried out at minimum speed.

The use of limit switches as a means of shutting down machinery is not permitted.

18. While lifting the boom, the driver must ensure that it does not rise above the position corresponding to the smallest working reach.

19. The driver must move the load only if there are no people in the zone of its possible fall.

It is prohibited to lift and move cargo over residential, service, industrial buildings and structures, highways, pedestrian sidewalks and other places of temporary or permanent location of people.

If there are such places in the crane operation area, the crane must be equipped with means for restricting the operation area, which should forcibly prevent the emergence of dangerous zones in the places where people are located.

20. When working on a construction site of several tower cranes with intersecting work areas, special measures must be developed to ensure the safety of their work.

The driver is obliged to carry out work with the implementation of the specified measures

21. When lifting and moving cargo, the driver must comply with the following safety requirements:

a) perform work on the signal of the slinger. The exchange of signals between the slinger and the crane operator must be carried out in accordance with the procedure established by the organization. The signal "Stop" the driver is obliged to carry out regardless of who gave it;

b) before lifting the load, the slinger and all persons near the crane should be warned about the need to leave the zone of movement of the load. Lifting of the load can be done after people leave the specified area. The slinger may be near the load during its lifting or lowering, if the load is at a height of not more than 1 m from the platform level;

c) determine the lifting capacity of the crane, taking into account the outreach of the boom according to the lifting capacity indicator;

d) load and unload motor vehicles, railway gondola cars and platforms only in the absence of people on vehicles;

e) installation of the hook of the lifting mechanism above the load should exclude oblique tension of the load rope;

f) fix the load when it is lifted at a height of 200-300 mm in order to make sure that it is correctly slinged, the crane is stable and the brakes work properly, after which the load can be lifted to the desired height;

g) when lifting the load, maintain a distance between the hook clip and the boom head of at least 0,5 m;

h) when moving the load horizontally, first lift it to a height of at least 0,5 m above the objects encountered on the way;

i) when lifting the boom, it is necessary to ensure that it does not rise above the position corresponding to the smallest working reach;

j) before lifting or lowering a load located near a wall, column, stack, railway car, car, you must first make sure that there is no slinger and other people between the load being lifted and the specified obstacle, as well as the possibility of free passage of the crane boom and load near these obstacles ;

k) it is allowed to lift bricks on pallets without fencing only when unloading vehicles to the place of storage;

l) before lifting the load from the well, trench, pit or before lowering the load there, by lowering the free (unloaded) hook, make sure that at the lowest position on the drum there are at least one and a half turns of the rope, not counting the turns under the clamping device;

m) slinging of the load must be carried out in accordance with the slinging schemes. For slinging, slings should be used that correspond to the mass and nature of the load being lifted, taking into account the number of branches and their angle of inclination;

n) the load to be moved should be lowered to the place intended for this, where the possibility of falling, overturning or sliding of the load being installed is excluded. Linings of appropriate strength must be preliminarily laid at the place of installation of the load. Stowage and disassembly of goods should be carried out evenly, without violating the dimensions established for the storage of goods and without blocking the aisles.

22. The driver is prohibited from turning on the mechanisms of the crane when there are people on its rotary part or at the mechanisms, except when the crane is inspected by the person carrying out its maintenance; in this case, the driver can turn on the crane mechanisms only at the signal of this person.

23. When lifting and moving loads, the driver is prohibited from:

a) to carry out work when carrying out slinging by random persons who do not have a slinger's certificate, and also to use load-handling devices that do not have tags and brands. In these cases, the driver must stop work and notify the person responsible for the safe performance of work with cranes;

b) lift or turn over a load, the mass of which exceeds the lifting capacity of the crane for a given boom reach. If the driver does not know the mass of the load, then he must obtain in writing information about the actual mass of the load from the person responsible for the safe performance of work with cranes;

c) lower the boom with the load until the departure, at which the lifting capacity of the crane becomes less than the mass of the load being lifted;

d) to produce a sharp braking when turning the boom with a load;

e) to drag cargo along the ground, rails and logs with a crane hook with the ropes inclined, as well as move railway cars, platforms, trolleys or carts with a hook;

f) to unhook with a hook a load that has been covered or frozen to the ground, laid by other loads, fixed with bolts or filled with concrete, as well as swinging the load in order to tear it off;

g) release the removable load-handling devices jammed by the load with a crane;

h) lift reinforced concrete products with damaged hinges, cargo that is incorrectly tied or in an unstable position, as well as in containers filled above the sides;

i) lower the load onto electric cables and pipelines, as well as closer than 1 m from the edge of the slope or trenches;

j) lift a load with people on it, as well as unbalanced and leveled by a mass of people or supported by hands;

k) transfer control of the crane to a person who does not have the appropriate certificate for this, and also leave students or trainees unattended during their work;

l) load or unload vehicles while the driver or other persons are in the cab;

o) lift cylinders with compressed or liquefied gas that are not placed in containers specially designed for this purpose;

o) to adjust the brake of the lifting mechanism when the load is lifted.

p) disable devices that limit the working area or the lifting capacity of the crane, as well as carry out work in case of their malfunction.

24. During the maintenance of the crane, the driver is obliged to take measures to prevent accidental voltage supply. The knife switch on the portal of the tower crane in the off state must be locked for the entire time of maintenance. When inspecting a flexible cable, the switch at the input should be turned off and a poster "Do not turn it on - people are working!" should be posted.

25. When carrying out maintenance of the crane, the operator must:

a) keep the mechanisms and metal structures of the crane clean and in good condition;

b) timely lubricate all crane mechanisms and ropes in accordance with the instructions for use;

c) store lubricants and cleaning materials in a closed metal container, remove used cleaning material from the tap;

d) make sure that there are no loose objects on the crane;

e) do not leave tools, parts and other items on the platforms and mechanisms of the crane.

Safety requirements in emergency situations

26. The driver is obliged to stop the operation of the crane and inform the person responsible for the safe performance of work about the situations that have arisen in the following cases:

a) in case of breakdown of mechanisms or metal structures of the crane;

b) when the body of the electric motor, controller, hook or metal structures of the crane are under electrical voltage;

c) when twisting the ropes of the cargo chain hoist;

d) in case of malfunction of the rail track;

e) when the weather changes, leading to a sharp deterioration in visibility;

f) in strong winds, the speed of which exceeds the maximum allowable specified in the crane passport, when the driver must take measures against stealing the crane by the wind;

g) with frequent operation of electrical, thermal or other protection.

27. In the event of a sudden power outage or crane shutdown due to a malfunction, the driver must set the controller handles to the zero position and turn off the switch in the cab. If the load at this time is in the raised position, the driver is obliged to call the person responsible for the safe performance of work with cranes and, in his presence, lower the load by releasing the brakes.

28. In the event of a fire on the crane, the driver must de-energize it and start extinguishing the fire on his own, at the same time informing the work manager about this through the slinger, who, if necessary, will call the fire department.

Safety requirements at the end of work

29. At the end of the work, the driver must:

a) lower the load to the ground and raise the hook to the top position;

b) set the boom to the position determined by the manufacturer's instructions for the installation and operation of the crane;

c) take the crane to the place intended for parking;

d) turn off the switch in the cab;

e) close the windows in the cabin and lock the door;

f) turn off the switch on the switchboard and lock the switchboard;

g) secure the crane with anti-theft clamps;

h) inform the shift worker, as well as the person responsible for the safe operation of cranes, about all the problems that arose during the operation of the crane, and make an appropriate entry in the logbook.

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