Ensuring evacuation in case of fire. Occupational Safety and Health

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
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Ensuring evacuation in case of fire. Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Legislative basis for labor protection

To prevent the impact on people of the OFP, the organized movement of people during the evacuation and removal of material assets in buildings, escape routes and exits. For each floor of the publication, a plan is drawn up for the evacuation of people and material values. The number of emergency exits from buildings, premises and from each floor of buildings is taken on the basis of calculations; usually it should be at least two.

When drawing up the evacuation plan, the necessary evacuation time, the category of production and the volume of the room are taken into account. Requirements for the arrangement of escape routes and evacuation exits from buildings and premises are set out in the relevant SNiP. After the evacuation plan is approved, it is necessary to work it out practically, including issuing commands, calling fire departments, warning about a fire, opening exits and removing people from the premises.

Each educational institution develops and hangs out in a conspicuous place evacuation plan people in a fire.

The evacuation plan should include:

ways to quickly alert all teachers and students about a fire;
exit ways for schoolchildren from burning or endangered by fire and smoke premises;
emergency and main exits.

The evacuation plan consists of two parts - graphic and text. The graphic part shows the layout of the floors of the building. Plans can be simplified by depicting structures in one line, excluding small rooms that are not related to the stay of people. But all evacuation routes and exits must be shown on the plan.

The name of the premises is indicated directly on the floor plans, or all rooms are numbered and an explanation is attached to the plan. Evacuation exits and stairs are numbered. This allows you to save and simplify the explanatory note to the evacuation plan. The doors on the evacuation plan are shown open. If, during operation, individual exits are closed, the doorway is depicted on the evacuation plan as closed and the location of the keys is marked with the inscription: "Box with the key to the outer door."

Arrows are drawn on the plan indicating the routes of movement of people based on the shortest exit time and the greatest reliability of evacuation routes.

Escape routes are divided into main ones, which are indicated by solid green lines with arrows, and reserve ones, which are indicated by dotted lines with arrows.

Practice shows that during a fire it is not always possible to bring people out through the stairs. Often people are saved by going to the roof and other air zones. If there are such zones, then the exits to them are shown on the evacuation plan as a reserve.

In addition to traffic routes, they indicate the location of manual fire detectors, fire extinguishers, fire hydrants, telephones and other fire-technical equipment.

The graphic part of the evacuation plan in a frame under glass is hung in a conspicuous place, usually at the entrance to the floor. The text part of the evacuation plan is approved by the head of the facility and is a table containing a list of actions in case of fire, the order and sequence of actions, positions and names of the performers. The actions to be taken must be carefully considered and specified.

First action - fire brigade call. In order for the call to be clear, the text of the call is given. Second action - evacuation announcement. The announcement should be made in a calm, but imposing and commanding tone. This can happen through a public address system, with a pre-prepared text being broadcast throughout the building.

RџSЂRё student evacuation from the institution, teachers are required to:

prepare children for evacuation: stop classes, games, eating;
if necessary, quickly dress children;
announce the order, direction of movement and place of assembly;
open the doors in the direction of travel in accordance with the evacuation plan;
take the children out;
close the door after the children have been taken out in order to reduce the rate of fire spread throughout the building;
collect all children in the place provided for by the evacuation plan;
provide first aid to the injured, if necessary;
check the presence of children according to the list, report the results to the head of the educational institution, the commander of the arrived fire department or the head of the fire extinguishing.

Prior to the arrival of firefighters, high school students can be involved in assisting teachers in organizing the evacuation of kids: help them dress, take them to a warm room, call an ambulance to provide medical care to the victims, and perform other separate assignments.

Each school building must have at least two emergency exits. If one of them is cut off by fire, the second is used to save people and property.

Doors on escape routes should open freely and towards the exit from the building. Locks on the doors of emergency exits should provide people inside the building with the ability to freely open them from the inside without a key.

By agreement with the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, it is allowed to close emergency evacuation exits to the internal mechanical lock. In this case, on each floor of the building, a responsible duty officer from among the service personnel is appointed, who always has a set of keys for all locks on the doors of emergency exits. Another set of keys must be kept at the building attendant's office. Each key in both sets must have an indication of belonging to the corresponding lock.

Authors: Volkhin S.N., Petrova S.P., Petrov V.P.

We recommend interesting articles Section Occupational Safety and Health:

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