Means of fire-technical protection and means of extinguishing fires. Occupational Safety and Health

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Free library / Occupational Safety and Health

Means of fire-technical protection and means of extinguishing fires. Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Legislative basis for labor protection

Fire and technical protection means include external and internal fire water pipelines, alarm and fire extinguishing installations, primary fire extinguishing means and are used in cases where it is impossible, according to the technology, to exclude the possibility of contact of a combustible medium with potential sources of ignition.

In the general case, premises, buildings, structures and equipment of categories A, B, C1-C3, as well as objects with a mass stay of people, are necessarily protected by such means. The need to equip facilities with an external fire-fighting water supply system and the calculation of its parameters is determined by SNiP 2.04.02-84 "Water supply. External networks and structures".

The procedure for equipping facilities with an internal fire water supply system and calculating its parameters (number of hydrants, water flow through hydrants, their installation locations, etc.) is determined by SNiP 2.04.01-85 "Internal water supply and sewerage".

Fire alarm systems are designed to detect a fire in the initial stage, transmit alarm messages about the place and time of its occurrence, and, if necessary, put into operation an automatic fire extinguishing and smoke removal system. Systems can be combined functions, i.e. fire protection. According to the principle of signal transmission, they can be manual and automatic. The latter react to the parameters of the environment changing during a fire: temperature, light radiation, the appearance of smoke. The detectors can also be combined. Manual call points give a signal after a person presses a special button.

Fire extinguishing installations are understood as a set of stationary technical means for extinguishing a fire by releasing fire extinguishing agents.

By way of actuation installations are divided into manual (with manual actuation) and automatic.

Type fire extinguishers are divided into installations:

water fire extinguishing (sprinkler, drencher, fire monitors);
foam fire extinguishing (sprinkler, deluge);
powder fire extinguishing;
gas (CO₂, freon, nitrogen, steam, etc.) fire extinguishing.

The type of installation and fire extinguishing agent are selected taking into account the fire hazard, the physical and chemical properties of the produced, stored and used substances and materials and the type of protected material values stored in these objects (museums, book depositories, galleries, computer rooms, etc.).

Authors: Fainburg G.Z., Ovsyankin A.D., Potemkin V.I.

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