Basic requirements for emergency preparedness. Occupational Safety and Health

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
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Basic requirements for emergency preparedness. Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Legislative basis for labor protection

The ILO-SWAT 2001 Guidelines require that the warning emergencies, readiness for them and response were an integral part of the labor protection management system at work.

Note that all industrial safety is nothing but the prevention of major accidents, including the readiness to eliminate their consequences.

Therefore, at large enterprises, among other things, operating hazardous production facilities, there is a fire service, a gas rescue service, a fire protection system, emergency rescue teams are being prepared from among the employees, there is a PLA (accident response plan), etc. As a rule, the coherence of the work of all these services significantly affects the result of the work to eliminate emergency situations.

Therefore (and also in direct accordance with the Federal Law "On industrial safety of hazardous production facilities") an organization operating a hazardous production facility is obliged, among other things:

take measures to protect the life and health of workers in the event of an accident at a hazardous production facility;
carry out measures to localize and eliminate the consequences of accidents at a hazardous production facility, assist state bodies in investigating the causes of an accident.

In order to ensure readiness for actions to localize and eliminate the consequences of the accident an organization operating a hazardous production facility is obliged to:

plan and implement measures to localize and eliminate the consequences of accidents at a hazardous production facility;
conclude service contracts with professional emergency rescue services or with professional emergency rescue teams, and in cases provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation, create their own professional emergency rescue services or professional emergency rescue teams, as well as non-standard emergency rescue teams from among workers;
have reserves of financial resources and material resources for the localization and elimination of the consequences of accidents, in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation;
train employees to act in the event of an accident or incident at a hazardous production facility;
create surveillance, warning, communication and support systems in the event of an accident and maintain these systems in a usable condition.

Authors: Fainburg G.Z., Ovsyankin A.D., Potemkin V.I.

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Nicotine from e-cigarettes mutates DNA 12.02.2018

It is believed that electronic cigarettes are safer than conventional ones because they do not contain carcinogens. In an ordinary cigarette, nitrosamines appear during smoldering - the result of nicotine modification, in addition, tobacco does not burn completely; both nitrosamines and products of incomplete combustion of tobacco are dangerous because they cause mutations in DNA, which, in turn, can start a malignant tumor.

In electronic cigarettes, nothing burns, a person inhales vapor from nicotine dissolved in a special substance. In other words, such devices allow you to satisfy nicotine addiction in a safer way, without exposing yourself to the action of carcinogens. And all the debate about e-cigarettes is usually about whether they really help to forget about regular cigarettes. (According to the latest research on this topic, yes, they really do help.)

True, in fact, it may turn out that e-cigarettes are as harmful as regular ones. Instead of looking for carcinogens in e-cigarette aerosols, researchers at New York University simply tested the effect of their vapor on mice and on human epithelial cells from the lungs and bladder.

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Without nicotine, e-liquid did not harm mice or human cells in any way. But nicotine, alone or in e-cigarette liquid, was harmful: after it, chemical changes appeared in DNA, exactly the same as after nitrosamines from regular cigarettes. Apparently, nicotine itself can be modified directly in living tissues, and already in such a modified form, introduce mutations in DNA. Moreover, in lung cells, the activity of proteins responsible for DNA repair, for correcting mutations, decreased.

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