Wind turbines in agriculture. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Alternative energy sources

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Modern wind turbines are quite perfect power plants. With their help, useful energy can be obtained from the unstable wind for the mechanization of various production processes.

Modern wind turbines compare favorably with other power plants in that they do not require fuel. This is of exceptional importance for those regions of our country where local fuel reserves are small.

Thus, the operation of high-speed wind power plants in the facilities of the Main Directorate of the Northern Sea Route has shown that in the conditions of the Far North, wind power plants can successfully provide the generation of almost all the necessary energy. Fuel engines were put into operation only during repairs of wind turbines.

Wind power plants should be used primarily where production processes can tolerate interruptions without damage, which can be caused by periods of calm, light winds or storms. Such industries include most agricultural work: water supply, grain processing, fodder preparation, threshing, drainage of wetlands, irrigation, mechanization of various handicraft industries and crafts.

It is known that the most time-consuming work on a livestock farm is providing animals with water.

Modern wind pump installations can be successfully used for the mechanization of agricultural water supply. Up to 75 percent of the energy needed for this can be obtained from the wind.

The simplest and proven wind pumping plant of agricultural type (Fig. 28) consists of a multi-bladed wind turbine (TV-5 or TV-8 brand with wind wheel diameters of 5 and 8 meters), the transmission of which is connected to a single-acting pump rod.

Fig.28. Scheme of an agricultural type wind pump installation

The pump is lowered into a tubular or shaft well. The pump cylinder is attached to the lower end of the injection string, which is suspended from an adapter box installed at the bottom of the pump shaft. From the transition box, water is fed through a pipeline laid in an earthen trench to the tank of the water tower. From here, it flows through a distributing pipe to water-folding columns or to automatic drinking bowls in livestock buildings.

An insulated water tank with a capacity of up to 25 cubic meters is an integral part of any agricultural-type wind pump station. With the help of a water tank, not only the necessary supply of water is created for periods of calm, but also water consumption is regulated. At the same time, the necessary supply of water for firefighting measures is stored in the water tank.

Without a water tank, any wind pump installation cannot supply consumers with water uninterruptedly.

At present, our industry is producing, specifically for the mechanization of water supply, a multi-blade wind turbine TV-5 with a capacity of up to 2,5 horsepower (see Fig. 25). The wind wheel of this wind turbine consists of 18-24 metal blades. To turn the wind wheel into the wind, the wind turbine is equipped with a tail. The number of revolutions is adjusted automatically - by removing the wind wheel from under the wind due to the displacement of its axis relative to the axis of the tower.

The TV-5 wind turbine can raise water to a height of up to 70 meters; its average productivity is up to 3-3,5 cubic meters per hour.

For a higher (up to 120 meters) water rise, a multi-bladed wind turbine of the TV-8 brand for 6 horsepower with a wind wheel diameter of 8 meters is intended (Fig. 29).

Fig.29. Multi-blade universal wind turbine TV-8 with a capacity of up to 6 horsepower

This wind turbine has a vertical shaft, which is connected to a universal drive winch at the bottom. With this winch, you can pump water with a piston pump and drive various forage machines, a stone mill, a centrifugal pump, a four-horse threshing machine and other machines that consume up to 6 horsepower through a belt drive.

The TV-8 wind turbine can also serve a group of machines, which in this case are connected to the drive winch pulley through a counter drive.

The wind wheel of the TV-8 wind turbine is installed in the wind with the help of the tail, and the number of revolutions is regulated by partially pulling the wind wheel out of the wind with the help of a side shovel (Fig. 30).

Fig.30. Scheme of speed control of the wind wheel at TV-8 using a side shovel

When working with a stone mill, the TV-8 wind turbine can process up to 200 kilograms of grain into flour per hour. If it is connected to a centrifugal pump, it is possible to water 5-6 hectares of vegetable crops, when the water rises to a height of up to 10 meters.

To lift water from boreholes and wells, wind pump installations D-5 of the system are currently being built.

laureate of the Stalin Prize A. A. Rozhnovsky. The multi-bladed wind turbine of this installation is mounted on the roof of a metal water tower with a capacity of up to 20 cubic meters of water (Fig. 31).

The drive rod of the wind turbine is directly connected to the pump piston installed in the well.

Fig.31. Windpump D-5 on a metal water tower

The experience of using wind turbines in agriculture shows that they pay for themselves within the first year of operation. Thus, in 17 collective farms of the Ivanovo region, wind power plants (TV-8 and TV-5) made it possible in 1949 to save 7699 horse-days and 7419 workdays.

A large amount of water in agriculture is required for watering plants, especially in areas with insufficient soil moisture. In these areas, as a rule, strong winds blow. During dry periods, the wind usually picks up. This makes it possible to use wind energy for mechanical irrigation.

The great Russian scientist K. A. Timiryazev attached great importance to wind turbines in the fight against drought.

In 1893, he wrote: “If the Dutch with their windmills fight the ocean, turning the sea into land, if in our cities various wind engines pump water to the upper floors of houses, why couldn’t the same wind raise the water from the bottom of the ravines to the level fields, why not force him to return to the roots the water that he took from the plants.

Fig.32. High-speed wind turbine D-12 with a capacity of up to 14 horsepower

Of considerable interest for use in agriculture, especially for mechanical irrigation, is the high-speed, three-bladed wind turbine D-12 with a normal power of up to 14 horsepower (Fig. 32). The wings of this wind turbine have stabilizers to control the speed of the wind wheel.

Academician A. N. Kostyakov calculated that a wind pump installation with a D-12 wind turbine, when working with a centrifugal pump, can provide irrigation of garden crops on an area of ​​up to 17 hectares.

Of great importance for the mechanization of enlarged collective farms is the powerful high-speed D-18 wind turbine with a normal power of up to 27 kilowatts (Fig. 33). It differs from the D-12 wind turbine in that the head with the wind wheel is rotated with the help of windroses (see Fig. 10).

Fig.33. High-speed wind turbine D-18

Wind turbines can be successfully used for power maintenance and other labor-intensive work in agriculture, as well as for electrification in areas where average annual wind speeds are above 4,5 meters per second.

For lighting small buildings (clubs, schools, livestock buildings, railway barracks, etc.) and for charging car batteries, radio and telephone, TsAGI-D-2 wind-electric motors with a power of up to 100 watts are used. They can also feed collective farm radio centers. These wind turbines are of great importance for supplying electric power to various expeditions and survey parties.

These are the wide possibilities of using wind power plants.

Author: Karmishin A.V.

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