Basic first aid recommendations for victims. Occupational Safety and Health

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Free library / Occupational Safety and Health

Basic first aid recommendations for victims. Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Legislative basis for labor protection

First aid - this is a complex of the simplest medical actions performed directly at the scene, as soon as possible after an injury (damage). As a rule, it is associated with emergency resuscitation of the victim.

emergency resuscitation - this is the revival of those dying from the action of such factors as electric shock, mechanical injuries, drowning, etc., carried out with the help of special measures aimed at removing the victims from terminal states and preventing their development.

Terminal states characterized as extreme states, transitional from life to death. All of them are reversible, recovery is possible at all stages.

The dynamics of dying is characterized by a sequential chain of events: cessation of the heart or its fibrillation (oscillations of the heart fibers with a frequency of 400-600 times per 1 minute), circulatory arrest, rapid loss of consciousness (within a few seconds), pupil dilation (for 20-30 seconds) , respiratory arrest and other terminal states, depending on the circumstances. Then comes clinical (reversible) death, and 5-7 minutes after it - biological (irreversible) death.

Therefore, the whole complex of resuscitation measures should be carried out immediately after the onset of terminal conditions, which often develop even in quite viable victims. First aid should be provided in the first 4 minutes after the defeat, up to a maximum of 5 minutes (with the exception of cases of drowning) !!!

The following procedure must be observed:

1. As soon as possible, release the victim from the effects of traumatic factors: separate from the current-carrying element; remove (take out) from the contaminated atmosphere; put out burning clothes; extract from water, etc.

2. Diagnose the type, nature and severity of the lesion, injury, assess the condition of the victim.

3. Determine the type of assistance needed - first medical or resuscitation.

4. Proceed to the provision of resuscitation or first aid in accordance with existing recommendations, to the full extent of the established complexes.

5. Constantly monitor the general condition of the victim, the correctness of the conduct and effectiveness of the measures taken.

6. In any condition of the victim, but especially in case of a threat to life and after removing him from a terminal state, call an ambulance or a doctor (paramedic).

If this is not possible, take all measures to evacuate the victim by any (including unsuitable) transport to the nearest medical facility.

7. Constantly monitor and maintain the vital systems of the victim - breathing, blood circulation - until the arrival of a medical worker, or throughout the evacuation.

Authors: Fainburg G.Z., Ovsyankin A.D., Potemkin V.I.

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