Classification of hazardous and harmful production factors. Occupational Safety and Health

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
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Classification of hazardous and harmful production factors. Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Legislative basis for labor protection

Workers in factories may be exposed to a variety of dangerous and harmful production factors.

Harmful production factor - a factor of the environment and the labor process, the impact of which on a worker under certain conditions can cause an occupational disease, a temporary or permanent decrease in working capacity, increase the frequency of somatic and infectious diseases, and lead to a violation of the health of offspring.

Hazardous production factor - a factor of the environment and the labor process, which can be the cause of an acute illness or a sudden sharp deterioration in health, death.

Hazardous and harmful production factors are divided according to GOST 12.0.003 into the following classes: physical, chemical, biological and psychophysiological.

The classification of hazardous and harmful production factors is shown in fig. 2.

Such a classification is necessary to identify hazardous and harmful production factors that may or may occur in production, and ultimately to completely neutralize or reduce the impact of these factors.

One and the same dangerous or harmful production factor, by the nature of its action, can simultaneously belong to different classes. The choice of methods and means of ensuring safety should be based on the identification of these factors inherent in a particular production equipment or process. It is very important to be able to identify a hazard, i.e. to identify and recognize that a hazard exists and to determine its characteristics.

Rice. 2. Classification of hazardous and harmful production factors (click to enlarge)

In accordance with the Guide R.2.2.755-99 "Hygienic criteria for assessing working conditions in terms of harmfulness and danger of factors in the working environment, the severity and intensity of the labor process" working conditions according to the degree of harmfulness and danger are divided into four classes:

1st class - optimal working conditions;

2nd class - permissible working conditions that can cause functional deviations, but after a regulated rest, the human body returns to normal (optimal and acceptable classes correspond to normal working conditions);

3rd class - harmful working conditions, characterized by the presence of harmful production factors that exceed hygiene standards. They have an adverse effect on the worker and may adversely affect his offspring. Harmful working conditions according to the degree of excess of hygiene standards and the severity of changes in the body of workers, in turn, are divided into four degrees of harmfulness and danger (3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4).

1st degree of the 3rd class (3.1) - working conditions characterized by such deviations of harmful factors from hygienic standards that cause functional changes that are restored, as a rule, with a longer (than by the beginning of the next shift) interruption of contact with harmful factors, and increase the risk of health damage.

2nd degree of the 3rd class (3.2) - levels of harmful factors that cause persistent functional changes, leading in most cases to an increase in work-related morbidity (which manifests itself in an increase in the level of morbidity with temporary disability and, first of all, those diseases , which reflect the state of the most vulnerable organs and systems to these harmful factors), the appearance of initial signs or mild (without loss of professional ability to work) forms of occupational diseases that occur after prolonged exposure (often after 15 years or more);

3rd degree of the 3rd class (3.3) - working conditions characterized by such levels of harmful factors, the impact of which leads to the development, as a rule, of occupational diseases of mild and moderate severity (with loss of professional ability to work) during the period of employment, the growth of chronic (production-caused) pathology, including increased levels of morbidity with temporary disability;

4th degree of the 3rd class (3.4) - working conditions under which severe forms of occupational diseases can occur (with general disability), there is a significant increase in the number of chronic diseases and high levels of morbidity with temporary disability.

4th class - dangerous (extreme) working conditions, under which during a work shift, a short period of time, a threat to life is created, a high risk of severe and acute occupational injuries. Work in dangerous (extreme) working conditions is not allowed, except for the elimination of emergency situations, repair work. At the same time, work should be carried out in appropriate personal protective equipment and in strict observance of the regimes regulated for these purposes.

Authors: Volkhin S.N., Petrova S.P., Petrov V.P.

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