Industrial injuries and their classification. Occupational Safety and Health

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
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Industrial injuries and their classification. Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Legislative basis for labor protection

The variety of dangers and injuries that a person can receive leads to the construction of a wide variety of classifications. From the position of labor protection, any injury to an employee is both a medical and a social phenomenon.

Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia dated February 24, 2005 No. 160 "On determining the severity of health damage in case of accidents at work" established that the determination of the severity of health damage in case of accidents at work is carried out in accordance with the Scheme for determining the severity degree attached to this order damage to health in accidents at work.

In accordance with the adopted Scheme, all non-fatal accidents at work are divided into two categories according to the severity of damage to health: severe and light.

qualifying signs of severity of health damage in an accident at work are:

the nature of the health injuries received and the complications associated with these injuries, as well as the development and aggravation of existing chronic diseases in connection with the injury;
consequences of the resulting health damage (permanent disability).

The presence of one of the qualifying features is sufficient to establish the category of severity of an accident at work.

Signs of a severe accident at work are also damage to health that threatens the life of the victim. Prevention of death as a result of medical care does not affect the assessment of the severity of the injury.

К serious accidents at work relate:

1) damage to health, the acute period of which is accompanied by:

shock
coma;
blood loss (volume more than 20%);
embolism;
acute insufficiency of the functions of vital organs and systems (CNS, cardiac, vascular, respiratory, renal, hepatic and / or a combination thereof);

2) damage to health, qualified during the initial examination of the victim by doctors of a hospital, trauma center or other healthcare organizations as:

penetrating wounds of the skull;
fracture of the skull and facial bones;
brain injury;
intracranial injury;
wounds penetrating into the lumen of the pharynx, trachea, esophagus, as well as damage to the thyroid and thymus;
penetrating wounds of the spine;
dislocation fractures and fractures of the bodies or bilateral fractures of the arches of the I and II cervical vertebrae, including those without impaired function of the spinal cord;
dislocations (including subluxations) of the cervical vertebrae;
closed injuries of the cervical spinal cord;
fracture or fracture-dislocation of one or more thoracic or lumbar vertebrae, including without impaired function of the spinal cord;
chest wounds penetrating into the pleural cavity, pericardial cavity or mediastinal tissue, including without damage to internal organs;
abdominal wounds penetrating into the peritoneal cavity;
wounds penetrating into the cavity of the bladder or intestines;
open wounds of the retroperitoneal organs (kidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas);
rupture of the internal organ of the chest or abdominal cavity or pelvic cavity, retroperitoneal space, rupture of the diaphragm, rupture of the prostate gland, rupture of the ureter, rupture of the membranous part of the urethra;
bilateral fractures of the posterior half-ring of the pelvis with a rupture of the iliac-sacral joint and a violation of the continuity of the pelvic ring or double fractures of the pelvic ring in the anterior and posterior parts with a violation of its continuity;
open fractures of long tubular bones - humerus, femur and tibia, open injuries of the hip and knee joints;
damage to the main blood vessel: aorta, carotid (general, internal, external), subclavian, brachial, femoral, popliteal arteries or their accompanying veins, nerves;
thermal (chemical) burns: III-IV degree with a lesion area exceeding 15% of the body surface; III degree with a lesion area of more than 20% of the body surface; II degree with a lesion area of more than 30% of the body surface;
respiratory tract, face and scalp;
radiation damage of medium (from 12 Gy) severity and above;
abortion;

3) injuries that do not directly threaten the life of the victim, but are serious in consequences:

loss of vision, hearing, speech;
loss of an organ or complete loss of its function by an organ (in this case, the loss of the most functionally important part of a limb (hand or foot) is equated to the loss of an arm or leg);
mental disorders;
loss of reproductive function and ability to bear children;
permanent disfigurement of the face.

All other damages not included in the above list are minor accidents at work.

So we got three groups (three classes) of industrial injuries (they are also an accident at work):

1) fatal;

2) heavy;

3) lungs.

This is all that can be said about individual accident, i.e. about the case of injury to one person.

If 2 or more people are injured in an accident, we deal with group accident.Authors: Fainburg G.Z., Ovsyankin A.D., Potemkin V.I.

We recommend interesting articles Section Occupational Safety and Health:

▪ Electrical injury

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▪ The concept of labor protection

See other articles Section Occupational Safety and Health.

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