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Interaction between quantum magnets programmed

06.12.2021

A team of German physicists from the Center for Quantum Dynamics at Heidelberg University have changed the interaction between microscopic quantum magnets - spins. In the study, for the first time, magnets retained their original orientation for an extended period in isolated quantum systems.

The scientists used a gas of atoms that had been cooled to a temperature close to absolute zero. Using a laser, the atoms were heated and separated electrons at macroscopic distances from the atomic nucleus. These "atomic giants", known as Rydberg atoms, interact with each other at distances of almost a millimeter.

The research was to control the dynamics of quantum magnets using methods from the field of nuclear magnetic resonance. In their experiments, the researchers used specially designed periodic microwave pulses to change the spins of atoms in order to control the interaction between them.

Microwave pulses respond to Rydberg atoms in billionths of a second. At the same time, atoms are hypersensitive to any external influences, no matter how microscopic they may be. In their experiments, scientists managed to preserve the macroscopic magnetization.

The forces between particles, atoms, molecules, or even macroscopic objects such as magnets, are determined by the interactions of nature. For example, two closely spaced bar magnets rearrange themselves under the influence of magnetic forces.

These studies are important for a better understanding of the underlying processes in complex quantum systems.

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