Accident investigation. Occupational Safety and Health

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Free library / Occupational Safety and Health

Accident investigation. Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Legislative basis for labor protection

In modern production, there is always a risk of injury, illness or death of an employee. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the employer to organize and conduct investigations into accidents and occupational diseases. Occurred in production. The obligations of the employer in case of accidents at work, the procedure for investigating accidents and the procedure for preparing investigation materials are contained in the Labor Code of the Russian Federation (Articles 227, 228, 228.1, 229, 229.1, 229.2, 229.3, 230. 230.1).

The investigation of an accident is, first of all, the identification of the causes in the prescribed manner. Which led to an accident at work, the accounting of accidents is an objective documentary fixation of each such incident.

Decree of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation of October 24, 2002 No. 73 approved the forms of documents necessary for the investigation and accounting of industrial accidents, and the Regulations on the peculiarities of the investigation of industrial accidents in certain industries and organizations.

To investigate the accident, the employer (his representative) immediately forms a commission of at least three people. The commission includes a labor protection specialist or a person appointed responsible for organizing labor protection work by an order (instruction) of the employer, representatives of the employer, representatives of the elected body of the primary trade union organization or other representative body of employees, authorized for labor protection. The commission is headed by the employer (his representative). The composition of the commission is approved by the order (instruction) of the employer. Persons who are directly responsible for ensuring compliance with labor protection requirements at the site (facility) where the accident occurred are not included in the commission.

Based on the analysis of the circumstances of the accident, the commission establishes the causes of the accident, the connection of the accident with production, determines the circle of persons who violated labor protection standards, develops measures to prevent such accidents, and also forms the necessary documentation.

After the completion of the investigation, the report on the accident at work is signed by all the persons who conducted the investigation, approved by the employer (his representative) and certified with a seal.

The employee should be aware that if he does not trust the commission created by the employer, then he (or his legal representative) can apply to the State Labor Inspectorate. Since at present the right to conduct an investigation of accidents is also granted to state labor inspectors by the current legislation.

Author: Bobkova O.V.

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Adults and children perceive time differently. 10.02.2023

It is well known that the perception of time changes with age, and now Hungarian researchers have been able to figure out why this happens.

The perception of time in children and adults is noticeably different: a forty-minute seminar is more likely to seem short to an adult, and for many first-graders, sitting out so much time in a lesson is a difficult test. Of course, the perception of time is influenced by many factors, from a person’s temperament to saturation with emotionally charged events, but researchers from the Etvos Loran University (Hungary) decided to study the influence of one of the main factors: the age of the subject.

The experiment involved 138 people divided into three groups: "preschoolers" (4-5 years old), "schoolchildren" (9-10 years old) and "adults" (18 years old and older). All participants were asked to watch a couple of videos lasting one minute: these were excerpts from a popular animated series, balanced in visual and acoustic richness, but differing in events.

One video was a mini-story (a cop rescues animals and arrests a thief), the other showed almost nothing (six people sailed away in a rowboat). Half of the subjects were asked to watch an "active" video first, and then a "monotonous" video, the other half - vice versa. At the end of the experiment, the participants were asked to answer the question: which video was longer?

The results were different for all three age groups: two-thirds of the "preschoolers" found the "active" video to be longer, while three-quarters of the "adults", on the contrary, said that the video about the policeman was shorter than the video about rowing. Judging by the results of the survey of "schoolchildren", the switch from "preschool" to "adult" perception of time occurs in children at the age of about seven years: "schoolchildren" also more often called the "monotonous" video longer, although they were not so clear on this issue like "adults".

To explain the difference in the perception of time between adults and children, the researchers turned to the concept of heuristics, a set of rules and methods for quickly making complex decisions that do not require much thought and calculation. In particular, for a small child, the more he can tell about the video he has watched, the longer it seems to him. Things are different with adults: growing up, we get acquainted with the concept of absolute time, but remain hostages of our own perception, when seconds stretch like chewing gum at a boring meeting, and when watching a fascinating movie, we forget to look at the clock.

Thus, acquaintance with the concept of absolute time, flowing at its own pace and being measured, changes the very perception of time in our brain: entering the adult world, children are forced to rebuild their perception of time, because now it is not they themselves, but the clock on their hand that determines the duration. one event or another.

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