Construction and content of labor protection instructions. Occupational Safety and Health

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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Free library / Occupational Safety and Health

Construction and content of labor protection instructions. Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Legislative basis for labor protection

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Labor protection instructions should consist of the following sections:

1. General requirements for labor protection;

2. Labor protection requirements before starting work;

3. Occupational safety requirements during work (under normal normal circumstances);

4. Labor protection requirements in emergency situations;

5. Requirements for labor protection at the end of work.

Of course, other sections can be included in the instructions, additional to the above basic (and logically, mandatory) sections, if necessary and justified, but this is up to the developer.

In section "General requirements for labor protection" recommended to reflect:

1) conditions for an employee’s admission to independent work in a given profession or to a given type of work or at a given workplace to perform the relevant job duties:

age of persons, gender, health status, need for primary and periodic medical examination;
the presence of a certain qualification;
the need to undergo preliminary special training and/or instructions on labor protection;

2) a brief description of working conditions and their possible impact on the worker’s body:

technological process, equipment, tools, work methods;
the main materials used (especially if they may be dangerous due to their physical state or chemical properties), indicating the dangerous and harmful factors affecting workers. (It is important to note the sources of formation of these factors and the areas of their influence on workers);

3) the frequency of training and briefings on labor protection for an employee performing these types of work and/or working at a given workplace;

4) requirements for the safe operation of equipment;

5) a list of collective protective equipment for workers, which, in accordance with the operating conditions, must be installed in the work area of a given workplace;

6) specific places for their installation (if necessary);

7) a list of personal protective equipment, special clothing and safety footwear with which the employee must be provided (if necessary, indicating the norms of issue and period of use for a given profession or position, as well as indicating the standards or technical conditions for them);

8) requirements for ensuring fire and explosion safety (including a list of primary fire extinguishing means, automatic fire alarm system detectors, which must (can be) installed in the work area or on the site, in the workshop, etc.;

9) instructions on the need to comply with internal regulations. Requirements for compliance with work and rest schedules;

10) rules of personal hygiene that an employee must know and observe when performing tasks. Mandatory availability of a medical first aid kit on the premises;

11) rules of conduct for workers in the event of acute occupational disease (poisoning) and injury, including the procedure for notifying the employer’s officials, as well as brief information on how to provide first aid to the victim (if there are no specially developed instructions for workers);

12) the procedure for notifying officials of the employer (immediate manager) about identified malfunctions of equipment, instruments and tools that can lead to accidents and incidents;

13) the employee’s responsibility for violating the requirements of the labor protection instructions (failure to comply with the requirements of the instructions should be considered as a violation of labor discipline and an individual employment contract).

To the section "Requirements for labor protection before starting work" recommended to include:

1) the procedure for preparing the workplace, personal protective equipment;

2) the procedure for checking the safety of the workplace and its readiness for work (checking the freedom of passages, passages, access to controls, serviceability, equipment, fixtures, tools, instrumentation, fences, alarms, blocking and other devices necessary to create safe working conditions, local ventilation and local lighting;

3) the procedure for checking the availability and condition of starting materials (workpieces, raw materials, wires, etc.; storage and storage areas, especially flammable liquids and materials, rags, oily containers, etc.;

4) the procedure for checking fire safety equipment, including alarm and fire extinguishing equipment;

5) the procedure for accepting a shift in the case of continuous work.

In section "Requirements for labor protection during work" it is recommended to provide:

1) requirements for the use of personal protective equipment, special clothing, and safety shoes when carrying out work;

2) the procedure for starting and stopping the equipment;

3) requirements for the safe handling of initial (blanks, raw materials, etc.) and auxiliary materials;

4) safe methods and techniques for lifting and moving heavy objects (work performed manually, use of containers, vehicles, lifting machines and mechanisms, etc.);

5) the procedure for installing units, equipment and controls in a safe position;

6) safe techniques for installing and removing workpieces and parts, and measuring them;

7) methods and techniques for the safe performance of work, taking into account the sequence of the technological process, operation of equipment and devices;

8) the procedure and rules for using hand and mechanized tools, devices and devices, as well as portable lighting, etc.;

9) the procedure for interaction in the group performance of work;

10) the employee’s duties to monitor the serviceability of tools, protective and safety devices, readings of control or signaling devices and instruments, etc.;

11) the main types of deviations from the norm in the technological mode and the procedure for bringing the operation of equipment, instruments, and so on to the required values (decrease or increase in voltage, decrease or increase in pressure and temperature, change in speed or number of revolutions, etc.);

12) actions aimed at preventing emergency and traumatic situations in the event of certain malfunctions, damage, or breakdowns;

13) instructions on the safe maintenance of the workplace, the inadmissibility of waste accumulation in the work area, etc.;

14) safety measures for workers when malfunctions of equipment, tools, etc. are detected (indicate specific actions of the employee);

15) the requirement to observe personal hygiene rules when performing work;

16) special safety measures when operating systems operating under pressure, when carrying out work using harmful, fire and explosive substances;

17) the procedure for carrying out work of increased danger;

18) special requirements when performing work at height and measures of protection against objects falling from a height. Safety measures when carrying out work in the field, near power lines, reservoirs, in wells, containers, when moving a person through water barriers, railway crossings, over rough terrain, as well as in difficult meteorological conditions if required by working conditions;

19) fire safety rules during work;

20) other actions necessary to ensure the safety of the employee.

In section "Requirements for labor protection in emergency situations" recommended to state:

1) actions in possible emergency situations (fire during operation, activation of toxic and explosive gases, spills of flammable or aggressive liquids, the appearance of voltage on the equipment body, etc.);

2) actions to provide first medical aid to victims of injury, poisoning and sudden illness;

3) the procedure for evacuating workers from hazardous areas;

4) procedure for emergency shutdown of equipment;

5) the procedure for notifying managers in the event of an emergency.

In section "Requirements for labor protection at the end of work" recommended to reflect:

1) the procedure for safely shutting down, stopping, disassembling, cleaning and lubricating equipment, devices, machines and mechanisms, equipment, devices, and in a continuous process - the procedure for transferring them to the next shift;

2) the procedure for storing finished products;

3) the procedure for cleaning up production waste;

4) requirements for putting things in order at the workplace, cleaning tools, equipment, devices and handing them over to the storage place or the next shift.

5) requirements for ensuring fire safety (switching off electrical equipment, heaters, lighting and other sources that can cause a fire);

6) the procedure for handing over the workplace;

7) requirements for compliance with industrial sanitation, especially after completion of work with hazardous substances;

8) rules for cleaning, special processing (if necessary) of workwear, safety shoes, protective equipment and putting them into storage.

The instructions should not use words that emphasize the special meaning of individual requirements (for example, “categorically”, “especially”, “mandatory”, “strictly”, “unconditionally”, etc.), since all requirements of the instructions must be fulfilled by employees equally degrees.

Replacing words in the text of the instructions with a letter abbreviation (abbreviation) is permitted provided that it has been fully deciphered beforehand.

If the safety of work is determined by certain standards, then they must be indicated in the instructions (size of gaps, distances, etc.).

Authors: Fainburg G.Z., Ovsyankin A.D., Potemkin V.I.

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