Providing first aid to persons affected by electric current. Occupational Safety and Health

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
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Providing first aid to persons affected by electric current. Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Providing first aid to the injured

The caregiver must first of all release the victim from the action of the current on him, then from the clothing that restricts breathing (unbutton the collar, belt), examine the oral cavity, remove the dentures, if any, mucus and immediately begin first aid. If not one, but several people can take part in this, then all measures to free the victim from the current and provide assistance to him must be carried out clearly, according to the instructions of one person - the most senior and most experienced worker. At the same time, along with the above measures, persons who are not involved in providing assistance to the victim must immediately:

call the doctor of the medical unit of the enterprise or an ambulance;
notify the shift supervisor of the electrical shop about the incident;
remove strangers from the place of assistance;
create maximum lighting, as well as an influx of fresh air.

The release of the victim from the effects of electric current on him. If the victim still touches live parts after an electric shock, it is necessary to free him from them as soon as possible. If the victim is at a height and may fall, measures must be taken to prevent the fall or, if this is unavoidable, ensure his safety. If the voltage cannot be quickly turned off, the victim is separated from the current source in the following ways.

At voltages up to 1000 V. Use only dry objects and always non-conductors: sticks, boards, ropes. Anyone who separates the victim from current-carrying parts must insulate himself with dielectric gloves or galoshes. It is impossible, trying to drag the victim in this way, to touch the surrounding metal objects. If necessary, cut or cut the wires (each separately) with an ax with a dry wooden handle or a tool with insulated handles.

At voltages over 1000 V. It is necessary to put on boots, gloves and separate the victim from the source of electrical shock with the help of. insulating rods or clamps corresponding to the voltage.

In all cases, regardless of the condition of the victim, medical workers must be urgently called to the scene of the incident, who will provide first aid to the victim and decide on his treatment.

If for some reason a doctor or other medical worker is not available, first aid is provided to the victim without delay.

First aid to the victim. The danger of electric shock lies in the disruption of the respiratory organs and the cardiovascular system. These disorders of the human body can be prevented with timely help.

First of all, it is necessary to do the following: lay the victim on his back on a hard surface; check if he has breathing and pulse; examine the pupil (narrow or wide). A wide icon indicates a sharp deterioration in the blood supply to the brain.

Further it is necessary:

- lay the victim on his back on a hard surface;
- check the presence of breathing in the victim (determine by the rise of the chest, fogging of the mirror, etc.);
- check for a pulse on the radial side at the wrist or on the carotid artery on the anterolateral surface of the neck;
- find out the state of the pupil, a wide pupil indicates a sharp deterioration in the blood supply to the brain;
- calling a doctor by phone 03 is obligatory in all cases.

If the victim is conscious after fainting, he should be placed in a comfortable position, covered with clothes, ensure complete rest, continuously monitoring breathing and pulse.

If the victim is unconscious, but with stable breathing and pulse, he should be laid evenly and comfortably, unfasten his clothes, create an influx of fresh air, bring a cotton wool with ammonia to his nose, sprinkle his face with water and ensure complete rest. If the victim is not breathing well (very rarely and convulsively), he should do artificial respiration and heart massage.

In the absence of signs of life, the victim cannot be considered dead, because. death is apparent. Artificial respiration should be carried out continuously until the arrival of a doctor. First aid should be provided immediately and, if possible, at the scene. From the moment of cardiac arrest, no more than 3-5 minutes should pass.

The method of artificial respiration is that the assisting person exhales from his lungs into the lungs of the victim directly into the mouth. The victim is laid on his back, his mouth is opened, foreign objects are removed from his mouth, the victim's head is thrown back, placing one hand under the back of the head, and with the other hand, press on the victim's forehead so that the chin is in line with the neck. Kneeling, you need to forcefully inhale air into the victim's mouth through gauze or a handkerchief, covering his nose. Inhalation lasts 5-6 seconds, or 10-12 times per minute. The chest of the victim should expand, and after the release of the mouth and nose, it should fall on its own. When spontaneous breathing resumes, artificial respiration should be continued for some time until the victim is fully conscious. Excessive compression of the chest should be avoided due to the possibility of fracture of the ribs. At the same time, an external heart massage should be performed in the absence of a pulse.

External (indirect) heart massage is performed by rhythmic contractions of the heart through the anterior chest wall with pressure on the lower part of the sternum. Repeating pressure with a frequency of 60-70 times per minute. The assisting person, having determined the lower third of the sternum, should put the upper edge of the palm on it, put the second hand on top and press on the victim’s chest, slightly helping by tilting his body. Pressing should be done with a quick push so. To advance the lower part of the sternum by 3-4 cm towards the spine, and in obese people - by 5-6 cm.

Every 5-6 pressures - one blow. If one person is helping, you should alternate after 2 deep breaths - 10-12 pressures for a heart massage.

With proper artificial respiration and heart massage, the following appear in the victim: signs of recovery:

- improvement of complexion;
- the appearance of spontaneous breathing more and more uniform;
- constriction of the pupils;
- the appearance of an independent pulse.

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