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Forest of white pipes

26.02.2010

Michigan scientists have grown nanotubes from boron nitride. White boron nitride nanotubes differ from the more well-known black carbon nanotubes not only in color, but also in properties. For example, heating up to 1100 ° C is beyond their control.

The electrical properties of nitride tubes are also good, with the help of doping they can easily be turned into a semiconductor and used for power electronics. Their hydrophobicity is also very high - a coating of such nanotubes will have a lotus effect, and if it is applied to glass, it will retain transparency. However, it is not easy to obtain tubes from boron nitride: they grow unstable, and the components are poisonous, and the temperature is high, and they readily absorb impurities.

Scientists from the Michigan Technological University, led by Associate Professor Ek Kin Yap, coped with these problems and grew a forest of more or less identical boron nitride nanotubes on a substrate. The mechanism of their growth is similar to carbon ones, that is, one cannot do without a catalyst - in the experiment of Ek Kin Yap it was magnesium oxide with iron and nickel. Since nanotubes only grow where there is a catalyst, many different patterns can be created from them.

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Chimpanzee language 28.05.2022

Chimpanzees use a fairly rich language to communicate, scientists from the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (Germany) concluded.

"Our results suggest that the chimpanzee's vocal communication system is much more complex and structured than previously thought," the researchers said.

As it turned out, in the language of primates there are sounds - "words" that animals are able to build in vocalizations - "sentences".

The researchers had to analyze more than five thousand sounds that were made by wild chimpanzees in the Tai National Park in Cote d'Ivoire. As a result, scientists were able to identify 390 unique vocal sequences.

Moreover, the chimpanzees exchanged them quite consciously. A large number of grunting, squeaking and puffing sounds were used for greetings, expressions of submission, messages about food, and so on.

Depending on the situation in which the monkey found himself, the sounds differed. Alone, at the sight of food, a chimpanzee makes a short sound, and surrounded by relatives, its longer version. A hooting sound warns of danger, and a series of such sounds indicates an appeal to a monkey of a higher rank.

The recording involved wild chimpanzees living in nature reserves, where they do not see a person and do not communicate with him in any way. In total, there were 49 adult individuals, the sounds of the cubs were not studied.

Anthropologists hope that further research on the language of monkeys will help to learn more about the origin of human language.

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