Ways to get fire. OBZhD

BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
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Ways to get fire. Basics of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

For receiving fire in the absence of matches, it is necessary to prepare some very dry tinder and then store it in a waterproof bag. It is useless to use paper for this purpose, since it only chars, but does not ignite. The best tinders are rotten, finely cracked dry bark, dry powdered wood, and wood dust produced by insects, which can be found under the bark of dried trees.

1st way. sun and glass

The lens of a camera, the convex lens of binoculars, the lenses of an optical telescope, a flashlight can be used to focus the sun's rays on tinder. It is not difficult to make a burning glass - for this you will need watch or spectacle glasses. Two glasses are put together - both with the convex side out, and then water is poured between them through a straw and the edges are covered with clay or resin.

2nd way. Flint and steel

This is the best way to light dry tinder if no matches are available. Flint can be replaced with a piece of hard stone. The stone (flint) should be kept as close to the tinder as possible and struck with a knife blade or any small piece of steel. It is necessary that the sparks fall on the very middle of the tinder. When the tinder begins to slowly smolder, you need to fan this smoldering until a flame appears. If you cannot get a spark from one stone, you must try another (Fig. 34).

Ways to get fire

Rice. 34. Making fire with flint and steel

3rd way. Bow and stick

To obtain fire in this case, it is necessary to have a bow, a stick and a support (Fig. 35).

Ways to get fire

Rice. 35. Making fire with a bow and stick

The bow is made from a meter-long trunk of a young birch 2-3 cm thick, which is tied with a shoelace, rope or belt. The stick is made from a pine branch as thick as a pencil and 25-30 cm long, pointed at one end. The support is a dry log of hard wood (for example, birch).

Wrapping the stick once with a bowstring, insert it with a sharp end into the hole of the support. Then they press the stick with their hand from above, having previously placed a gasket between the palm and the stick (a piece of cloth, a small flat stone, tree bark, etc.). With the other hand, they begin to quickly drive the bow back and forth perpendicular to the drill (stick). A black powdery dust forms in the hole, in which smoke gradually appears, and then a flame. Raise the device, add tinder and lay it around the hole.

4th way. Gunpowder or cartridges

To build a fire, it is necessary to prepare a bunch of dry branches in a place closed from the wind, then pour gunpowder from several cartridges at the base of the pile. Next, take two stones and pour gunpowder on one of them, immediately starting to quickly rub the stones against each other over the gunpowder. Friction will ignite the gunpowder on the stone and, in turn, the kindling gunpowder. If necessary, to save fire during the day, in the absence of matches, you can use the following technique. Containers in which holes are pre-punched are filled with burning coals (one of the camping kettles can serve as such a container). The main task in this situation is not to let the fire go out.

And the last. If the first attempt failed to get the fire - do not despair!

When making fire, you must adhere to three rules:

Rule 1: Tinder must be very dry.

Rule 2: you must act in strict sequence.

Rule 3: Perseverance and patience should be shown (perhaps this rule is the most important thing in making fire).

Authors: Aizman R.I., Krivoshchekov S.G.

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