Instructions on labor protection during the operation of wells equipped with rod pumping units

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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
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Instructions on labor protection during the operation of wells equipped with rod pumping units. Full Document

Occupational Safety and Health

Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection

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Safe Operation

1. General requirements

1.1. The safety requirements set forth in this Instruction are obligatory for the personnel involved in the operation and repair of wells equipped with downhole rod pumping units designed to lift fluid from oil wells.

For issues not covered by this Instruction, you should be guided by the current rules.

1.2. To operate and repair wells equipped with downhole sucker rod pumping units, persons who have been trained and tested on the safe conduct of work during the operation of wells equipped with sucker rod pumping units, as well as who have mastered the requirements set forth in this Instruction, are allowed.

1.3. Electrical equipment of downhole sucker-rod pumping units is allowed to be serviced by electrical personnel who know the schemes of the control stations used, transformer substations, instructions for their operation, who have undergone on-the-job training and internships at the workplace, as well as testing knowledge in accordance with the rules, and having a document on the assignment of a qualification group on electrical safety.

Non-electrotechnical personnel (oil and gas production operators) who have the I qualification group for electrical safety are allowed to start and stop the downhole sucker rod pumping unit.

1.4. Installation, dismantling, regulation, maintenance and repair of surface equipment of borehole rod pumping units should be carried out by a specialized team. Inspection, repair and adjustment of electrical equipment is carried out only by electrical personnel.

1.5. Personnel admitted to the operation and repair of wells equipped with downhole rod pumping units must be provided with overalls and personal protective equipment provided for this type of work.

1.6. When repairing wells whose products contain hydrogen sulfide, it is necessary to use special regulatory documents.

1.7. All service personnel of the oil field must be proficient in providing first aid to victims of accidents and have radio or telephone communication with the dispatch service.

1.8. When tripping and hoisting operations on a well, the maintenance personnel must master the techniques and skills in working to prevent open flowing of wells.

1.9. It is forbidden to touch current-carrying cables, wires and electric motors under load.

1.10. Employees who violate the requirements of this Instruction are liable in accordance with the procedure established by law.

2. Requirements for equipment and fixtures

2.1. In the wellhead piping, there should be places equipped with three-way valves for installing pressure gauges in order to measure the pressure in the pipe, annulus and annular space of the well.

2.2. The design of the wellhead equipment should provide the possibility of reducing pressure from the annulus and pipe space, as well as pumping process fluids into the well for killing and other impacts on the downhole equipment.

2.3. All open moving components of ground equipment mechanisms must have guards.

2.4. The head of the balancer must have a secure lock in the working position, and when the locking device is released, a smooth rotation of the head must be ensured.

2.5. The suspension of the wellhead rod should provide convenient and safe connection and disconnection of the pumping unit with the wellhead rod. The connection of the suspension with the wellhead rod must be carried out using a special device or the use of mechanization tools placed on the unit for maintenance and repair of pumping units.

2.6. The braking device must provide reliable braking and fixation of the cranks of the rocking machine in any position after the engine has stopped.

2.7. When replacing the crank pins, the connecting rods must be securely fastened to the rack of the pumping unit.

2.8. Inspection, measurement and lubrication of individual components and parts of the pumping unit must be performed only after stopping and fixing its position with a brake.

2.9. The rocking machine, the rotary drive of the screw pump rods and their power motors are mounted and dismantled only under the guidance of an experienced foreman or foreman using mounting devices and lifting mechanisms.

2.10. The noise level of a working machine - a rocking chair or a rotary drive of a screw pump should not exceed 85 dB.

2.11. Equipment that has been tested and accepted for serial production is allowed for operation. The wellhead equipment of sucker-rod pumping units must be equipped with a wellhead stuffing box with a self-aligning head.

3. Requirements for preparatory work

3.1. The area around the well should be planned taking into account the arrangement of equipment for the repair and operation of wells and freed from foreign objects, and in winter - cleared of snow drifts and ice.

3.2. The site for the installation of mobile units should be constructed taking into account the soil, types of units, the nature of the work performed and located on the windward side, taking into account the wind rose.

3.3. Floors, walkways, stairs should be constructed in such a way that no conditions are created on their surfaces for the formation of puddles from atmospheric precipitation and liquid spills, and their surface, intended for the movement of service personnel, in any situation does not create conditions for the possibility of slipping shoe soles.

3.4. Pipes, rods and other technological equipment must be stacked on racks (walkways) specially designated for this purpose, ensuring the free movement of service personnel.

3.5. Workplaces must be equipped with posters, safety signs, warning signatures in accordance with standard lists approved in the prescribed manner.

3.6. Crews for servicing and repairing wells must be provided with equipment and tools in accordance with the list approved by the management of the enterprise.

3.7. Illumination of workplaces must comply with established standards.

3.8. The content of oil vapors and gases in the air of the working area should not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) in accordance with GOST 12.1.005-88.

3.9. Before the start of repair work or before inspecting the equipment of a periodically operating well with automatic, remote or manual start, the drive must be turned off, and a poster should be hung on the starting device: "Do not turn it on! People are working!"

4. Requirements when performing technological operations

Installation, lowering and lifting of downhole equipment

4.1. When using a mechanism for screwing and unscrewing pipes and rods, the wellhead flange of the well should be located at a height of no more than 0,5 m from the floor of the working platform.

4.2. It is forbidden to use any rods attached to the traveling block and to the running or fixed string of the traveling rope in order to prevent its twisting.

4.3. At the wellhead, during the repair of which blowouts are possible, before the start of the repair, blowout control equipment should be installed.

4.4. The rod, pipe and locking keys of the mechanism for screwing and unscrewing rods and pipes must be installed on the rod or pipe and removed from the latter only after the mechanism has completely stopped.

4.5. When unscrewing the polished rod and connecting it to the rod string, the wellhead gland must be attached to the rod elevator.

4.6. If the plunger of a sucker rod pump or the rotor of a screw pump is jammed, the sucker rods should only be unscrewed with a safety allen key.

4.7. It is forbidden to have elevators on the working site during tripping operations that do not correspond to the diameter of the lifted (lowered) pipes.

4.8. Before starting tripping operations, it is necessary to check the serviceability of all tools used, including elevator locks. The use of elevators with a faulty lock is prohibited.

4.9. It is forbidden to use a wedge hanger for screwing and unscrewing rods with mechanical wrenches.

4.10. The unscrewed pipe and rod should only be lifted after the nipple has disengaged from the coupling thread.

4.11. When lifting pipes and rods from a well, a sharp transition from one lifting speed to another and exceeding the allowable loads for a given pipe (rod) size are not allowed.

4.12. During tripping operations, the winch of the lift should be turned on only at the signal of the operator.

4.13. When lifting (lowering) pipes and rods, it is forbidden to leave them suspended on the traveling system during breaks in work, regardless of their duration.

4.14. In the process of lifting downhole equipment, it is not allowed to exceed the load over its weight by more than 20%.

4.15. It is forbidden to carry out tripping operations when the wind speed exceeds 11 m/s, during heavy rain, heavy snowfall and visibility less than 50 m.

5. Well operation

5.1. The wellhead should be equipped with wellhead fittings that allow gas to be taken from the annulus and carry out research and other work related to well killing.

5.2. At the wellhead, devices should be installed that ensure the installation and dismantling of instrumentation with pressure relief in their chambers.

5.3. The upper end of the wellhead stuffing box should rise above the level of the platform for its maintenance by no more than 1 m.

5.4. When stuffing the wellhead stuffing box seal, its cover must be held on the polished rod (shaft) with a special clamp.

The wellhead seal of a well with a possible free flow should be designed to allow safe packing changes.

5.5. With the extreme lower position of the head of the balancer, the distance between the traverse of the stuffing box suspension or the rod holder and the upper plane of the bottom box must be at least 20 cm.

5.6. The counterweight of the rocking machine can be installed on the balance bar only after the balance bar is connected to the crank mechanism and stuffing box.

5.7. Balancing counterweights of machine tools - rocking chairs should consist of sections weighing no more than 40 kg each and have a reliable fastening mechanism.

5.8. The connection of the suspension with the gland rod must be carried out using a special tool.

5.9. It is forbidden to turn the gearbox and electric motor pulley manually and use them for braking.

5.10. Before starting the rocking machine, you must make sure that the machine gearbox is not braked, barriers are installed, there are no foreign objects on the moving parts and there are no people in the danger zone.

5.11. On wells with automatic and remote control near the starting device, in a conspicuous place, shields with the inscription: "Attention! Automatic start!" The same inscription should be on the wellhead.

5.12. The presence of service personnel under the balance beam of the rocking machine is prohibited.

6. Protective earthing and insulation resistance measurement of electrical equipment

6.1. A conductor and a technical well string should be used as a grounding conductor for the electrical equipment of sucker-rod pumping units.

The conductor (technical column) must be connected to the frame of the pumping unit by at least two grounding steel conductors welded in different places to the conductor (technical column) and the frame of the pumping unit. The cross section of each conductor must be at least 48 square meters. mm. Grounding conductors must be buried in the ground by at least 0,5 m.

Steel of any profile can be used as grounding conductors. The use of a steel rope for this purpose is unacceptable.

6.2. When installing the electric motor on a grounded frame and ensuring reliable contact between them, additional grounding of the electric motor is not required.

If the motor is mounted on a sled, it must be grounded with a flexible steel conductor with a cross section of at least 35 sq. mm.

6.3. The use of an insulating pad or dielectric mat in front of the starter of a sucker-rod pumping unit is not necessary if the requirements set out in paragraph 3.6.2 are met, and the following conditions are met:

the platform for servicing the electric drive of the sucker-rod pumping unit and the starting device must be common and have a metal floor or a non-metallic one, but having a metal base; at the same time, the floor or base is welded to the grounded frame of the machine - rocking chairs in at least four places;
the case of the starting device, when it is installed on a wooden or other support, is connected to the metal floor using a steel conductor with a cross section of at least 35 sq. mm, and in the option of mounting on a metal support, the latter is welded to the floor in at least two places, taking into account the strict observance of reliable contact between the housing and the metal structure.

6.4. The stand-alone drive control station must be connected to a ground loop.

The grounding conductor must be steel, with a cross section of at least 48 sq. mm, buried in the ground to a depth of at least 0,5 m.

6.5. Measurement of the resistance of grounding conductors, as well as the specific resistance of the soil, should be carried out, as a rule, during the period of the lowest soil conductivity: in summer - during the period of greatest drying and in winter - with the greatest freezing of the soil.

6.6. Each grounding device in operation must have a passport containing the grounding scheme, its main technical data, data on the results of checking the condition of the grounding device, the nature of the repairs made and measurements made to the grounding device.

6.7. Measurement of the insulation resistance of any part of the electrical installation can only be carried out when this part is completely insulated.

6.8. Before starting work with a megger, it is necessary to make sure that there are no people working on the part of the electrical installation to which the megger is connected.

6.9. Measurement with a megohmmeter and removal of residual charge, as well as the operational switching on of power motors, should be carried out in dielectric gloves.

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