What to do in critical situations. OBZhD

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BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
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What to do in critical situations. Basics of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

Directory / Basics of safe life

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The simplest commandments of safe behavior for children and adolescents:

don't play outside late;
do not go alone to remote and deserted places;
do not agree to go with a stranger anywhere; do not believe his promises;
do not get into someone else's car without parents;
do not play with unfamiliar adults;
do not let anyone touch your body;
do not enter the elevator with a stranger;
do not accept gifts or gifts from random people;
do not let strangers into your apartment;
do not hide from your parents if someone did something forbidden to you, threatened you.

Firefighters advice for children and their parents:

know how to handle fire;
do not leave electrical appliances unattended;
do not plug more than two household appliances into one outlet;
do not accumulate heaps of newspapers and papers in the house;
do not dry clothes over the stove;
exclude "holiday fires" (garlands, crackers, sparklers), light fireworks away from the Christmas tree;
do not litter attics, basements, balconies, loggias; do not store explosives on them;
have - as part of the interior of the house, giving - your own fire extinguisher;
install smoke detectors in your home;
practice escape routes in case of fire;
do not forget the two most important numbers - "01".

How to avoid electric shock

Before turning on an unfamiliar electrical appliance, carefully read the instructions. This will help not only to master the new product faster, but also save you and those around you from serious problems;
if you are going to remove the back wall of any electrical appliance, make sure that its mains plug is in your hands, and not in the socket;
even to repair the outlet, use the services of a master: it is better to pay with money than with your own life;
do not use electrical appliances in the bathroom, bath, pool, sauna;
do not put glasses of water on electrical appliances, do not put wet towels;
protect wiring from heat, dampness and sharp corners;
if the electrical appliance sparks, smokes, heats up, immediately unplug it from the mains;
check the grounding of electrical appliances;
do not plug two or more household appliances into one outlet;
check sockets and plugs: they should fit tightly to each other;
It is better not to use extension cords: they can cause a short circuit in the circuit;
do not place the extension cord where it can be tripped over.

Actions during an earthquake

In order not to drown yourself and save another

How to avoid stress

Emergencies of an emergency nature in transport

Safety rules for a teenager on the street:

you should avoid the shortest routes that run through backyards, wastelands, construction sites, forest plantations, poorly lit streets and other sparsely populated places;
Once in a sparsely populated dark quarter, go in the middle of the street. This will reduce the danger of a surprise attack;
put a whistle in your pocket (any whistle will do, as long as it is loud). Know that two short whistles in the "police" language means "Come to me! Help!";
if you see a group of people ahead, a drunken person or a parked car with passengers, cross to the other side of the street or change the route;
if someone tries to talk to you, then don't start the conversation. Pretend that you are in a hurry somewhere and go in the direction of a lighted and crowded place;
if you think someone is following you, cross the street a few times. If your guess is correct, run to the nearest place where there may be people, or just towards the illuminated section of the street. At the threat of an attack, scream, call for help;
if you are convinced that you are in danger - break the glass in the window of the nearest house with a stone or heel, attract the attention of residents and passers-by with noise and shouting;
if criminals threaten with violence, give them what they demand: money, things. Life and health are more precious than things;
if you are attacked, try to remember the signs of the criminals as best you can.

How to prevent theft from your pocket, bag or package:

do not carry a wallet, valuables over the contents of the bag, try to put them so that there are other things between the bag shell and the wallet: they will prevent you from removing your wallet if a thief cuts the bag;
try not to carry your wallet in your pants pockets, especially your back pockets. Use for this the inner pockets of the jacket, jacket;
do not take out your wallet in crowded places unnecessarily; get money so that it is not noticeable to others;
try to stand while traveling in public transport so that no one is close to you;
keep a close eye on your belongings. If you feel that someone touched your things, carefully look at this person. You can not determine who did it - look at everyone who is standing nearby. Then step aside and increase your attention;
if you are among the last to enter public transport, and there is a hustle at the door, keep your bag in front of you, at chest level.

How not to get hurt during street riots and crowds:

try not to fall: the crowd tramples the one who has fallen to death;
when moving in a dense crowd, do not push on the person in front; keep your distance: the desire to speed up the movement will end in a complete traffic jam;
avoid traffic jams, and especially those places where movement is limited by sharp corners, railings, glass cases or tables: in such places you can be pressed, crushed or seriously injured;
avoid rallies and demonstrations;
if at a concert or at a football match you see a lot of drunk or very excited spectators - try to leave either before the end of the spectacle, or much later; to be in the forefront of such an audience is dangerous.

Danger in the elevator

To avoid any danger associated with the elevator, remember a few rules:

do not enter the elevator with a stranger; if entered, then press the button of the nearest floor;
if you didn’t like something in the behavior of a fellow traveler, turn your back to the panel with buttons and press the button to call the dispatcher;
if, nevertheless, you were attacked in the elevator, do not panic: hit the attacker with your forehead sharply in the nose, and then with your knee in the groin, at the same time pulling his arms down; the main thing is suddenness and pressure;
if there is a fire in the house - do not use the elevator, as you can be poisoned by combustion products;
do not smoke in the elevator;
do not ride on the roof and under the floor of the elevator: it is dangerous.
adults should not transport a child in a stroller in an elevator: you need to hold him in your arms to protect him from injury if necessary.

Danger of apartment robberies and robberies

left at home alone, check if all windows are closed, if all entrance doors are locked;
when answering the phone, do not say that you are at home alone. Say that the parents cannot come (sleep, wash, etc.). Ask who called, what needs to be conveyed;
if you are at home alone, do not go to the door and do not let strangers in;
if, while at home, you hear that they are trying to unlock the apartment doors with a key, immediately come up and stand behind a solid partition, make yourself known by any means (by shouting, knocking, etc.);
in case the door starts to break open, immediately use the bolt and chain. Try to block the door with furniture, other improvised means. After that, call the police by phone;
in the absence of a telephone, attract the attention of neighbors, passers-by - by shouting through a window, balcony door, ventilation holes or by knocking on a radiator, on the walls; ask them to call the police, come to the rescue;
if the criminals broke into the apartment, take cover on the balcony or loggia. Attract the attention of neighbors, passers-by with a cry; call for help;
do not enter the apartment if you have a stranger behind you. Call your neighbors and unlock the door in their presence;
when unlocking the door to friends and relatives, through the "peephole" make sure that no one is standing behind them;
Letting people you know and close to you into the house, quickly close the door with a lock, latch or latch.

If, upon returning home, you find the door open:

do not rush to enter the apartment, remember - there may be a criminal in the house;
first, listen for sounds, other people's voices, etc., coming from the rooms; having heard a familiar speech, come in, draw the attention of your loved ones to the open door;
if the apartment is quiet, be careful: the criminal can hide, get ready for action. Therefore, first of all, check whether the locks and doors are intact;
if the door is intact, invite neighbors and acquaintances to enter the apartment together. If necessary, find a plausible excuse for this (a water tap is flowing, you can smell gas, etc.);
Entering the apartment, leave the door wide open. After making sure that there is no one in the apartment, check if valuables are in place, if cabinet doors are closed, etc.;
if you find signs of breaking the door, you should not enter the apartment: ask your neighbors for help, immediately call the police, watch the apartment until they arrive.

If you enter a house and find a stranger there:

quickly go out and try to lock the door with the key without removing it from the lock; seek help from neighbors and call the police;
if it was not possible to get out, do not try to threaten or detain the criminals, let them leave, remembering as many signs as possible (face, hands, clothes, etc.);
in case of an attack on you, call for help, shout: "Fire!" - neighbors and passers-by will respond to this cry faster;
if the criminals have left, do not walk around the apartment until the police arrive, do not touch things, do not let others enter the house.

How to behave so as not to get lost, and what to do if this happens:

remember your last name, the names of your parents;
memorize your address - street name, house number, apartment number and home phone number;
If you are lost on the street, it is best to contact a policeman. You can approach the janitor or women who walk with children;
lost in the store, go to the seller or cashier;
lost in the subway - look for the station attendant (usually he is in a red cap);
it is advisable not to leave the place where your parents left you;
learn how to call a pay phone;
always tell your parents where you are going to go.

Rules of conduct that reduce the risk of kidnapping:

know the area where you live; notice changes, unusual and strange phenomena;
pay attention to people watching you closely;
when walking, always choose busy and well-lit streets;
always avoid shortcuts if they pass through parks, other deserted places;
keep a certain distance with people, passing by entrances and doorways;
be ready to change direction if you notice something suspicious, threatening;
in deserted and dimly lit places, if possible, walk with adults;
do not get too close to a stopped vehicle: there may be thieves in the car;
if you are attacked for the purpose of kidnapping, make as much noise as possible, fight off the attackers with something.

How to behave if you become a hostage of blackmailers.

try to convince the blackmailers that your parents do not have what they demand, and you should be released;
in case you recognize one of the criminals, pretend that you do not know him;
when attempting physical influence, declare that in such conditions you will not do anything at all. Convince that it is more profitable to just talk to you;
constantly watch the blackmailers, do not let a single trifle out of sight;
do not take risks unnecessarily, try to resolve the situation peacefully;
be careful, if there is a chance for release, do not miss it: act quickly, clearly, decisively;
in case you are released by a special police unit, hide or take cover, lie down on the floor away from windows and doors. Do not run to meet the saviors. You may be mistaken for one of the criminals.

Behavior of parents in the event of a missing child:

go or call where your child may have been, find out who last saw him and where it was.
inform the police (on "02") about the missing child;
write a statement addressed to the head of the nearest police station - indicating the name and attaching a photo of the missing child; register the application with the operational authorized duty officer;
with the help of relatives, neighbors, search in neighboring yards, entrances, basements, attics;
contact a private detective;
during your absence, one of the relatives or neighbors should be on duty in the apartment;
when returning the child, immediately inform the police.

A few rules of behavior in case of a dog attack:

in order to overcome fear and excitement, perceive the dog not as an animal, but as a small person who has sharp teeth.
don't try to run away from the dog, don't turn your back on it.
take a stable pose, covering the groin area from bites as much as possible.
in a firm voice, give the animal a command: "Stand!", "Sit!", "Lie down!" and so on.
remember: a dog does not like to be yelled at, run at, something thrown at it, or when the posture of the person it is attacking suddenly changes.
to buy time, throw any object towards the dog without raising your hand high.
defend yourself with a stick, stones, sand.
if there is cover or a tree nearby, slowly back away from it without making sudden movements.
some dogs act insecure when they lose sight of their owner. Therefore, it makes sense to distract the dog to the entrance of the house, around the corner, etc., where it is easier to neutralize it.
remember that a crouching dog is especially dangerous - it is preparing to jump; to protect the throat, it is necessary to press the chin to the chest and put the hand forward.
know the dog's vulnerable points: the tip of the nose (the weakest point; a strong blow to the nose with a stick, fist or anything can kill even a large dog), bridge of the nose, groin, middle of the back, base of the skull, solar plexus, stomach, tongue. A blow to these places forces the animal to give up aggressive attacks.
squatting down, hiding your hands and bending your head to your knees, you can confuse an aggressive dog. The kneeling position with the arms pressed to the chest and the head down also calms the dog. The animal usually does not touch a person who lies motionless on his back, face down, prone. But passive defense techniques are not recommended when confronted with a specially trained dog.
hands when protecting from a dog should be relaxed and ready for action. It is advisable to wrap the forearms with clothes. Hand movements should be circular and preferably in a plane perpendicular to the dog's line of attack. The starting position of the forearms should be vertical.
if you are knocked down and fall to the ground, keep the animal away from your neck. At such moments, do not rest your hands on the ground. To do this, you need to learn how to get up on your feet very quickly and without the help of hands.
use locking grips. These include: a grip under the jaw in the cheekbone area, a grip on the lower jaw with the dog's tongue pressed with fingers, a grip on the dog's ears in front with two hands, a grip on the dog's throat in front with both hands.

In any bite, three stages are distinguished: grip, squeeze and thrashing. The spanking follows after half a second - a second after the grip. This is the most dangerous action of the dog, since it is during the spanking that the muscles and ligaments are injured. Therefore, it is better not to give her the opportunity to wag. To this end, provoke the dog to bite two fists or two forearms, pushing them deep into the mouth during the bite.

The deeper the grip and the thicker the gripped object, the weaker the grip and the sooner the dog starts spitting out what it has grasped with its teeth. When attacking a fallen enemy, the dog receives certain advantages. Chief among them is that she has access to any part of the human body.

Meanwhile, most people feel very insecure in the prone position; some people just panic. If you really had to fall, in no case should you allow the dog to grab you by any of the weak spots. These are places where there are large vessels: the throat, neck, face, genitals, wrists, the inside of the elbow and knee joints. Get used to the fact that the dog is likely to bite you several times with its teeth. Use any objects at hand to protect yourself from the dog: from stones and earth to knives and shovels.

If the dog is still bitten, you must:

wash the wound, treat the edges with iodine, apply a clean bandage;
find out if the dog is vaccinated against rabies;
go to the emergency room.

Authors: Aizman R.I., Krivoshchekov S.G.

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