Water accidents. OBZhD

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BASICS OF SAFE LIFE
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Water accidents. Basics of safe life

Fundamentals of Safe Life Activities (OBZhD)

Directory / Basics of safe life

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A few simple precautions can help prevent the vast majority of drownings.

Most basic principles of behavior on the water - the following:

learn how to swim (or better - know how to swim well from childhood);
if you swim poorly - do not trust inflatable mattresses and circles, remember: an inflatable swan is just an inflatable swan;
remember that panic is the main cause of tragedies on the water: never give in to it; it is enough to lie on your back and take one breath, slightly moving your legs and arms, to make sure: a calm person really does not drown;
refrain from drinking alcohol while swimming or boating;
pay attention to the first signs of fatigue during your stay in the water.

There are other precautions as well. First of all, you need to have information about the reservoir in which you are going to swim. What is its depth? Are there dangerous objects underwater? What is the water temperature? Are there currents, ebbs and flows? Are there dangerous fish, animals? It is especially important to get answers to these questions if the place of the upcoming bathing is completely unfamiliar to you and is not patrolled by lifeguards.

Also, check if you have life-saving equipment and whether it will be easy to use them if necessary. A boat, a life buoy, a rope or a long pole can save the life of a drowning person and save an unprepared person from dangerous attempts to help him in the water.

Don't try to swim as long as possible underwater. People who like to swim underwater sometimes take a few deep breaths before diving. In this case, the blood is saturated with oxygen, which allows a person to hold his breath longer. But sometimes this technique leads to the fact that a person suddenly loses consciousness and finds himself in a critical situation.

Homeowners with swimming pools should definitely take care of safety measures, even if they do not have children of their own. Any pool must, at a minimum, have a fencing height of at least 1,5 m on all four sides. If there are doors or windows that lead directly out of the house into the pool, care must be taken to keep them locked when children are nearby. This is especially important if the children are left in the care of a nanny or old grandparents. Pool owners with small children should consider installing an alarm device that goes off when someone jumps (or falls) into the water. Adults need to develop rules for using the pool and strictly observe them, which primarily concerns the supervision of children swimming and playing in the pool.

Do not rely on children's inflatables for swimming in pools: they create a false sense of security for the adults who look after the children and for the children themselves. Small children sometimes fall out of them or turn upside down. It has been found that in two cases out of three, children almost drown in a short time, while the person looking after them is distracted by something.

Water a few centimeters deep is enough to cause a tragedy. Among those drowning in baths every year (about 200 people), there are many children under the age of 2 years.

Learn to perform artificial respiration, heart massage and learn how to safely help drowning people:

When swimming up to a drowning person (from behind), constantly communicate, talk with him.

Grasp his chest with your leading hand so that the drowning man's arms are on top of your arm, and his head is above the surface of the water.

Take the victim to shore.

Free the lungs of the victim from water and silt: put him on your bent knee: your knee should rest against the victim's solar plexus. This way you will induce vomiting. Then put the victim on his back, free his oral and nasal cavities from vomit and - if necessary - proceed to resuscitation.

After the measures taken, wrap the victim warmly and take him to a medical facility.

Authors: Aizman R.I., Krivoshchekov S.G.

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