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Solar panel-boiler

27.07.2013

A team of researchers from Rice University has developed a unique solar collector based on metal and carbon nanoparticles. This device turns water into high temperature steam that can be used for heating or power generation. In particular, the developers suggest using the device as an autoclave, that is, for sterilizing instruments.

Unfortunately, in some regions, such as Africa, or areas of natural disasters or warfare, sterilization of surgical instruments can become a problem. In such cases, a device that produces steam with the help of sunlight could help. Usually compact solar collectors do not provide enough hot steam to quickly sterilize a set of instruments.

Scientists from Rice University solved this problem by adding a transparent tank with metal and carbon nanoparticles to the collector design, which absorb solar heat much better than pure water or a simple dark metal surface. The nanoparticles do not rise with the steam, so the steam leaving the plant is clean and can be used to produce potable or distilled water. Accordingly, the nanoparticles are reused - they remain in the transparent collector tank. The nanoparticles dissolved in water make it possible to heat water faster and stronger than conventional collectors do. In addition, the installation itself has smaller dimensions. During the experiments, the developers created a solar autoclave with a closed cycle, which in 30 minutes sterilizes surgical instruments no worse than electric autoclaves.

Also, the developers have assembled a plant designed for wastewater treatment, in which dirty water is heated by sunlight, turns into steam, and then condenses. The output is water suitable for drinking. Thus, an effective sterilization and cleaning technology has been created, which can be widely used in areas where there is no electricity or where it makes sense to save it with a solar collector. In particular, in India and Africa, the problem of clean drinking water is extremely relevant. Electricity is far from being everywhere, people drink unboiled water, wash their children in it. This is one of the main reasons for the unfavorable epidemiological situation in these regions and the high mortality associated with it. At the same time, there is an abundance of sunlight in India and Africa.

In addition, such installations could be useful in the field, for example, they can be made mobile - on the chassis of cars.

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