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Strategy of behavior and methods of protection in the conditions of local wars and regional armed conflicts. Basics of safe life

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If the population in the war zone lacks basic knowledge and survival skills, this leads to unnecessary casualties. Their number can be reduced. To do this, it is necessary to recognize the danger in time, take appropriate measures in advance (leave the dangerous area, or at least stock up on essentials). It is impossible to consider all aspects of this problem, so we will focus on those that relate to residents of cities and large settlements of the Russian Federation.

With the onset of military danger in the region, martial law (VP) can be introduced - in the event of an aggression against the Russian Federation or its immediate threat. A state of emergency (PE) is introduced when an attempt is made to change the constitutional order of the Russian Federation, seize or seize power, armed rebellion, etc.

State of emergency throughout the territory of the Russian Federation or in its individual areas is introduced by decree of the President of the Russian Federation with an immediate notification of this to the highest bodies of the legislative power of the Russian Federation. Goal such an action - the elimination of the circumstances that served as the basis for the introduction of a state of emergency, ensuring the protection of the rights and freedoms of man and citizen, the protection of the constitutional order of the Russian Federation. According to the Law of the Russian Federation "On the state of emergency", for this period the following arrangements и temporary restrictions:

• suspension of the powers of the executive authorities of the subject (subjects) of the Russian Federation, as well as local governments;
• the establishment of restrictions on freedom of movement in the territory, the introduction of a special regime of entry and exit on it;
• strengthening the protection of public order, objects subject to state protection, and objects that ensure the vital activity of the population and the functioning of transport;
• establishment of restrictions on the implementation of certain types of financial and economic activities, including the movement of goods, services and financial resources;
• establishment of a special order, acquisition and distribution of food and essentials;
• prohibition or restriction of meetings, rallies and demonstrations, as well as other public events;
• prohibition of strikes and other methods of termination of the activities of organizations;
• restriction of the movement of vehicles and the implementation of their inspection;
• suspension of the activities of hazardous industries and organizations that use explosive, radioactive, as well as chemically and biologically hazardous substances;
• evacuation of material and cultural values ​​to safe areas if there is a real threat of their destruction, theft or damage due to emergency circumstances.

With a direct threat of a violent change in the constitutional order, a seizure of power, an armed rebellion, etc., additional measures и temporary restrictions:

• the introduction of a curfew, i.e. a ban on being on the streets and in other public places at the set time of the day without specially issued passes and identity documents;
• restriction of freedom of the press and other media by introducing preliminary censorship with an indication of the conditions and procedure for its implementation, as well as temporary seizure or arrest of printed materials, radio transmitting, sound-amplifying technical means, duplicating equipment, establishing a special procedure for accrediting journalists;
• suspension of the activities of political parties and other public associations that impede the elimination of the circumstances that served as the basis for the introduction of a state of emergency;
• verification of documents proving the identity of citizens, personal search, search of their belongings, dwellings and vehicles;
• restriction or prohibition of the sale of weapons, ammunition, explosives, special means, poisonous substances, the establishment of a special regime for the circulation of medicines and preparations containing narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances, potent substances, as well as ethyl alcohol, alcoholic beverages, alcohol-containing products; in exceptional cases, it is allowed to temporarily confiscate weapons and ammunition, poisonous substances from citizens, and, along with this, military and training military equipment, explosives and radioactive substances from organizations;
• expulsion of persons violating the state of emergency and not residing in this territory, out of its borders;
• extension of the period of detention of persons detained on suspicion of terrorism and other especially dangerous criminals for the entire period of the state of emergency, but no more than three months.

It is necessary to pay attention to the fact that to ensure the state of emergency, the forces and means of the internal troops, the penitentiary system, federal security agencies, internal troops, as well as the forces and means of the Ministry of Emergency Situations are used. In exceptional cases, on the basis of a decree of the President of the Russian Federation, the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military units and bodies, except for border ones, may be additionally involved in following tasks:

• maintaining a special regime of entry and exit;
• protection of facilities that ensure the vital activity of the population and the functioning of transport, and facilities that pose an increased danger to human life and health, as well as to the natural environment;
• separation of the opposing sides participating in conflicts accompanied by violent actions with the use of weapons, military and special equipment;
• participation in the suppression of the activities of illegal armed groups;
• participation in the liquidation of emergency situations and saving people's lives.

The specified tasks, except for the last one, are performed by servicemen of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies together with employees of the internal affairs bodies, the penitentiary system, federal security agencies and servicemen of the internal troops. At the same time, they are subject to the provisions of the federal legislation on internal troops in terms of the conditions, procedure and limits for the use of physical force, special means, weapons, military and special equipment.

The purpose introduction of martial law is the creation of conditions for repelling or preventing aggression against the Russian Federation. During the period of the EaP, the rights and freedoms of citizens may be limited to one degree or another, to the extent necessary to ensure the defense of the country and the security of the state. On the territory where the EaP is introduced, measures are taken to organize the production of products (performance of work, provision of services) for state needs, provision of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies, special formations created for wartime, and for the needs of the population .

According to the Law of the Russian Federation "On martial law", with the introduction of VP, the following measures:

• strengthening the protection of public order and ensuring public safety, the protection of military, important state and special facilities, facilities that ensure the vital activity of the population, the functioning of transport, communications and communications, energy facilities, as well as facilities that pose an increased danger to human life and health and to the natural environment environment;
• introduction of a special mode of operation of facilities that ensure the functioning of transport, communications and communications, energy facilities, as well as facilities that pose an increased danger to human life and health and to the natural environment;
• evacuation of economic, social and cultural facilities, as well as temporary resettlement of residents to safe areas with the obligatory provision of stationary or temporary living quarters;
• introduction and enforcement of a special regime for entry and exit to the territory, as well as restriction of freedom of movement on it;
• suspension of the activities of political parties, other public and religious associations engaged in propaganda, agitation and other activities that undermine the security of the Russian Federation;
• involvement of citizens in the performance of work for the needs of defense, elimination of the consequences of the use of weapons by the enemy, restoration of damaged (destroyed) economic facilities, life support systems and military facilities, as well as in the fight against fires, epidemics, epizootics;
• seizure of property necessary for the needs of defense from organizations and citizens, with the subsequent payment by the state of its cost;
• prohibition or restriction of the choice of place of residence;
• prohibition or restriction of meetings, rallies and demonstrations, processions and picketing, as well as other mass events;
• prohibition of strikes and other methods of suspension and termination of the activities of organizations;
• restriction of the movement of vehicles and their inspection;
• prohibition of the presence of citizens on the streets and in other public places at certain times of the day, verification of documents, personal search, search of things, dwellings, vehicles, detention of citizens (for no more than 30 days) and vehicles;
• prohibition of the sale of weapons, ammunition, explosives and poisonous substances, the establishment of a special regime for the circulation of medicines and preparations containing narcotic and other potent substances, alcoholic beverages; in necessary cases, weapons, ammunition, explosives and poisonous substances are confiscated from citizens, and along with this, combat and training military equipment and radioactive substances are confiscated from organizations;
• introduction of control over the operation of facilities that ensure the functioning of transport, communications and communications, over the operation of printing houses, computer centers and automated systems, the media, and their use for defense needs; prohibition of the operation of receiving and transmitting radio stations for individual use;
• the introduction of military censorship of postal items and messages transmitted using telecommunication systems, as well as control over telephone conversations, the creation of censorship bodies directly dealing with these issues;
• internment (isolation) in accordance with generally recognized principles and norms of international law of citizens of a foreign state at war with the Russian Federation;
• prohibition or restriction of travel of citizens outside the territory of the Russian Federation;
• the introduction of additional measures aimed at strengthening the secrecy regime in government bodies, military administration bodies, local self-government bodies and organizations;
• termination of the activities of foreign and international organizations in respect of which reliable information has been received that they are carrying out activities aimed at undermining the defense and security of the Russian Federation.

Referendums and elections to state authorities and local self-government bodies are not held on the territory where the EaP has been introduced. During the period of the EaP, in order to produce products (perform work, provide services) for state needs, provide for the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies, special formations and for the needs of the population, temporary restrictions may be imposed on the implementation of economic and financial activities, turnover property, free movement of goods, services, financial resources, for the search, receipt, transfer, production and dissemination of information. The forms of ownership of organizations, the procedure and conditions for bankruptcy procedures, the mode of employment, financial, tax, customs and banking regulation can also be temporarily changed, and not only in the territory where the EaP has been introduced. These and other restrictions must be treated with understanding and not attempted to challenge them.

Thus, stations, airports, transport hubs, television stations, large enterprises, banks, media editorial offices, etc. will be under the protection of the armed forces in military conflicts with the introduction of an EaP or an emergency. Telegraph, telephone, postal communications will be under control . In connection with the special regime, there will be changes in radio and television programs, the publication of most newspapers and magazines may be suspended. It is possible that classes in educational institutions will be canceled, so it is immediately necessary to solve the problem of monitoring children. Usually, in the first days after the introduction of emergency measures, crime falls, but this phenomenon is temporary. You must always carry identification documents with you so as not to be detained.

Rationing of the distribution of food and other essential goods may be introduced. If necessary, free meals and humanitarian aid are provided. Banks can switch to a special regime, which threatens to block funds. Therefore, even before the introduction of EP or PE, money should be withdrawn from a bank account. A bank in Chechnya, for example, was destroyed on the very first day of hostilities.

Great care during this period must be exercised when communicating with representatives of the authorities and military bodies. Although the actions of the military and the police should fit within the framework of the law, but in practice this is far from always the case, however, it is difficult to prove one's case at this time.

For all the seeming surprise of the introduction of an EaP or a state of emergency, military conflicts have a rather long period of maturation. The most prudent thing is to leave the dangerous region. But this, unfortunately, is not always possible due to various reasons. To ensure your own safety, you must follow certain rules.

When announcing in the city of the EaP, it is recommended:

• do not go out into the street when troops are sent;
• timely study the orders of the commandant's office and other power structures, strictly observe the curfew and other restrictive measures, unconditionally obey military orders and orders;
• if possible, create a supply of water and food in advance;
• put the most valuable things, documents in a package convenient for transfer and be ready for evacuation;
• unite with the residents of the house for the purpose of mutual assistance;
• do not approach moving military equipment, as its drivers have a small close range and you can get injured;
• with the onset of darkness, turn on the light only by curtaining the windows;
• in no case should you acquire or store weapons and ammunition, or spread or support unverified rumors.

In the direct conduct of hostilities in the city, it is necessary:

• with the start of shooting, take cover in the bathroom, lie down on the floor or in the bath there, crawl around the apartment;
• equip and, if possible, strengthen the shelter in the basement, protect the resting place in it as much as possible with sandbags and furniture, provide for several emergency exits from the shelter;
• dig a half-meter trench-shelter to the nearest water source or create several shelters on the way to it;
• dig gaps-shelters in the courtyard of the house;
• conserve food and water;
• establish contact with the nearest medical facility or doctor.

In no case should you:

• when you hear the shooting, go to the windows;
• open doors and gates without examining the surrounding area in order to detect stretch mines;
• observe the conduct of hostilities, shoot them with photo and video equipment, run or stand under fire;
• conflict with armed people, use army uniforms as clothing, demonstrate weapons or objects similar to them, including to children;
• touch found weapons, ammunition, items of military property, etc.

In addition, it is advisable to do the following recommendations. Remember that the very introduction of equipment into a city or town is dangerous. We must not forget about the features of the control of military equipment, its dimensions, the sliding of tracks on asphalt and the possibility of skidding. At the crossroads, the military traffic controller becomes the main person. At the time of the introduction of technology into the city, it is better for civilian drivers to clear the road, put the cars on the sidewalk. Pedestrians should not show excessive curiosity and approach the columns of military equipment.

In order to properly navigate what is happening, when the troops appear, you should turn on the local radio station (including in the car) or TV. It is necessary to contact your enterprise by phone in order to find out if there are any changes in its mode of operation, and, conversely, call home from work to contact the family and coordinate actions with them. It is better for children to stay at home under the supervision of adults until the situation is clarified. Among the best options for protecting the family is leaving for the country. When evacuating, be sure to take documents with you (each family member should have them in his pocket, and not in a bag or car), some food and necessary things. You should not take valuables with you, it is better to hide them in the city.

During any movement, it is necessary to obey the requirements of the military traffic police and patrols. Trying to convince them that you are right on some controversial issue is very difficult - it all depends on the specific circumstances. But in any case, it is wiser to be patient and loyal, given the psychology of a soldier, his tension, irritation and fatigue. In order not to be under suspicion of espionage or other unauthorized activities, you cannot carry binoculars, photographic equipment, radiotelephones, and also take on the road or pick up weapons and ammunition. The uniform or any insignia draws attention. It is dangerous to show excessive curiosity - it can cost your life. If the road passes through the shooting area, you must be ready to leave the car immediately, so it is best to do without seat belts. You must have a first aid kit with you - it can come in handy at any time, like cigarettes for military personnel and patrols.

It is important to take into account the perception of the city by a warring person: what is just a basement or attic for a local resident, for a military man it is a shelter or a firing point. Therefore, for example, if there is a shootout in the yard, and the military breaks into the apartment, it is better not to argue with them, but to leave: most likely, they need a window that is convenient for shooting.

While shooting in any home shelter, you need to watch for smoke or fire. Since every third or fifth bullet of an assault rifle or machine gun is usually tracer, the risk of fire increases. If the fire started, but the shooting did not stop, the apartment must be immediately crawled out, closing the doors behind them - both to the burning room and to the landing. In the entrance you need to hide away from the windows, preferably in some niche.

Even more dangerous street shooting. As soon as it starts, you should immediately lie down and look around for cover - a ledge of a building, a stone porch step, a fountain, a monument, the base of a lamppost, a brick fence, a ditch, a concrete urn, or a curbstone. A car is a very unreliable shelter - its metal is thin, its wheels are rubber with air, and fuel is in the tank. However, any cover is better than none. When choosing it, you should also keep in mind that protection is needed not only from the side of the shot - the ricochet is also dangerous.

The shootout, of course, can be waited out. However, a situation is possible when it is safer to hide around the corner, in the gateway or in the entrance. In some cases, it makes sense to break a ground floor window and jump into any apartment. An underground passage can be considered an ideal rescue place on the street. During a firefight, you should crawl to it - this will reduce the danger of causing fire on yourself. It is especially dangerous to run, because the shooters can mistake the runner for the enemy.

If you follow these tips, then the likelihood of surviving in a military situation will increase significantly. However, their implementation still does not guarantee absolute security. The most important thing here, as in any other extreme situation, is to remain calm and act appropriately to the situation.

It must also be remembered that, in addition to the dangers posed by the actions of the armed formations of the warring parties, there is also a real threat criminal actions. The criminal factor is a companion of armed conflicts, although, as already emphasized, with the introduction of a state of emergency, it initially sharply decreases. In the future, the criminals are no longer restrained by the fear of retribution. Therefore, survival experts advise, you should forget about your values ​​and things - the main thing is to survive. In wartime conditions, most criminals are armed, some are even dressed in military or police uniforms. When meeting with such people, it is wiser to give them everything that they require. To fight criminals, it is necessary to act in an organized manner - to unite with neighbors in the house, entrance, enlist the support of the nearest military unit or police station.

Special mention should be made of the situation when a person goes to a war zone of his own free will. The most important thing here is to weigh well whether it is really necessary to go there. Only in extreme cases (for example, if you need to take out a family or a relative in distress) does it make sense to go on a dangerous journey. At the same time, one must proceed from the fact that a visitor who does not know local features is in a particularly risky position, has fewer rights and support. If the trip is nevertheless inevitable, it is necessary, first, to collect the most complete information about the area of ​​​​combat operations (especially from those who have recently traveled this path, and, if possible, from those to whom this person is sent); secondly, technically prepare for the trip as an extreme event, since the road itself is often dangerous; thirdly, one should not shy away from vaccinations. In the case of a trip to a "hot spot" outside of Russia, it is necessary to obtain legal and social guarantees from the sending organization in advance and enlist the support of the Russian embassy.

If the hostilities drag on, another extreme situation arises, which is called a war. How to behave correctly during a war usually becomes clear only on the spot, sometimes not even immediately, but after some time.

So, armed conflicts, which today have become quite commonplace in various regions of the planet, are one of the most terrible dangers for humans. It is difficult to give any security guarantees in such situations, but knowing the survival strategy and some rules of conduct in the zone of military conflicts and the ability to apply them in practice can certainly help save lives. It must be understood that unambiguous advice on how to behave in the event of hostilities does not exist. The decision must be made on the spot, based on the situation. Therefore, the help of professionals, and above all the military, including specialists in the field of life safety, is especially important here.

Local wars and regional military conflicts are very complex socio-political phenomena caused by contradictions that have accumulated and have not been resolved in a timely manner. Their danger is aggravated by the fact that the opposing sides do not always comply with international rules and norms for the conduct of hostilities.

Knowledge of the rules of conduct in the zone of military conflicts and the ability to apply them in practice will help to survive in such situations. It is important not to panic, to be able to make decisions quickly, to act according to the situation. The timely assistance of military personnel and specialists in the field of life safety plays an important role.

Authors: Gubanov V.M., Mikhailov L.A., Solomin V.P.

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