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The oceans are losing oxygen

10.12.2019

The International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) has published a report according to which the level of oxygen in the world's oceans is declining at an unprecedented rate. Climate change is dangerously exacerbating the situation.

The new study involved 67 scientists from 17 countries. It turned out that since 1950, the level of oxygen in the oceans has decreased by 2%, and the volume of water completely deprived of oxygen has quadrupled since the 1960s.

60 years ago, only 45 regions of the ocean suffered from low oxygen concentrations, in 2011 their number reached 700. According to research, about 50% of oxygen loss in the upper layers of the ocean is caused by global warming.

According to scientists, if the current state of affairs is maintained, an increase in global temperature and an increase in nutrient consumption will lead to the fact that by 2100 the level of oxygen in the ocean will decrease by 3-4%. As a result, giant dead zones will grow, where, under conditions of severe hypoxia, able to survive marine organisms.

The researchers note that deoxygenation threatens large species, including tuna, marlin, swordfish and sharks. Their decline could affect the lives of hundreds of millions of people dependent on fisheries.

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The existence of an entropy rule for quantum entanglement has been proven 09.05.2024

Quantum mechanics continues to amaze us with its mysterious phenomena and unexpected discoveries. Recently, Bartosz Regula from the RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing and Ludovico Lamy from the University of Amsterdam presented a new discovery that concerns quantum entanglement and its relation to entropy. Quantum entanglement plays an important role in modern quantum information science and technology. However, the complexity of its structure makes understanding and managing it challenging. Regulus and Lamy's discovery shows that quantum entanglement follows an entropy rule similar to that for classical systems. This discovery opens new perspectives in the field of quantum information science and technology, deepening our understanding of quantum entanglement and its connection to thermodynamics. The results of the study indicate the possibility of reversibility of entanglement transformations, which could greatly simplify their use in various quantum technologies. Opening a new rule ... >>

Mini air conditioner Sony Reon Pocket 5 09.05.2024

Summer is a time for relaxation and travel, but often the heat can turn this time into an unbearable torment. Meet a new product from Sony - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-air conditioner, which promises to make summer more comfortable for its users. Sony has introduced a unique device - the Reon Pocket 5 mini-conditioner, which provides body cooling on hot days. With it, users can enjoy coolness anytime, anywhere by simply wearing it around their neck. This mini air conditioner is equipped with automatic adjustment of operating modes, as well as temperature and humidity sensors. Thanks to innovative technologies, Reon Pocket 5 adjusts its operation depending on the user's activity and environmental conditions. Users can easily adjust the temperature using a dedicated mobile app connected via Bluetooth. Additionally, specially designed T-shirts and shorts are available for convenience, to which a mini air conditioner can be attached. The device can oh ... >>

Energy from space for Starship 08.05.2024

Producing solar energy in space is becoming more feasible with the advent of new technologies and the development of space programs. The head of the startup Virtus Solis shared his vision of using SpaceX's Starship to create orbital power plants capable of powering the Earth. Startup Virtus Solis has unveiled an ambitious project to create orbital power plants using SpaceX's Starship. This idea could significantly change the field of solar energy production, making it more accessible and cheaper. The core of the startup's plan is to reduce the cost of launching satellites into space using Starship. This technological breakthrough is expected to make solar energy production in space more competitive with traditional energy sources. Virtual Solis plans to build large photovoltaic panels in orbit, using Starship to deliver the necessary equipment. However, one of the key challenges ... >>

New method for creating powerful batteries 08.05.2024

With the development of technology and the expanding use of electronics, the issue of creating efficient and safe energy sources is becoming increasingly urgent. Researchers at the University of Queensland have unveiled a new approach to creating high-power zinc-based batteries that could change the landscape of the energy industry. One of the main problems with traditional water-based rechargeable batteries was their low voltage, which limited their use in modern devices. But thanks to a new method developed by scientists, this drawback has been successfully overcome. As part of their research, scientists turned to a special organic compound - catechol. It turned out to be an important component that can improve battery stability and increase its efficiency. This approach has led to a significant increase in the voltage of zinc-ion batteries, making them more competitive. According to scientists, such batteries have several advantages. They have b ... >>

Alcohol content of warm beer 07.05.2024

Beer, as one of the most common alcoholic drinks, has its own unique taste, which can change depending on the temperature of consumption. A new study by an international team of scientists has found that beer temperature has a significant impact on the perception of alcoholic taste. The study, led by materials scientist Lei Jiang, found that at different temperatures, ethanol and water molecules form different types of clusters, which affects the perception of alcoholic taste. At low temperatures, more pyramid-like clusters form, which reduces the pungency of the "ethanol" taste and makes the drink taste less alcoholic. On the contrary, as the temperature increases, the clusters become more chain-like, resulting in a more pronounced alcoholic taste. This explains why the taste of some alcoholic drinks, such as baijiu, can change depending on temperature. The data obtained opens up new prospects for beverage manufacturers, ... >>

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A swarm of tiny space exploration ships 25.09.2023

The dream of interstellar travel, which has lived in the hearts of many generations, remains elusive for now due to numerous technical obstacles. However, an international group of scientists believes there is a way around these obstacles. Their idea is to use a powerful laser to send a swarm of thousands of microprobes, each weighing only a few grams, to Proxima Centauri. These probes form a giant lens with a diameter of 100 thousand kilometers and maintain optical communication during their journey. However, this ambitious idea will require an investment of $100 billion and 100 gigawatts of electricity to operate a powerful laser.

At the moment, in the field of space research, there are two main projects to create spacecraft capable of reaching relativistic speeds and reaching nearby stars within several decades. One of them is the Breakthrough Starshot project (a journey to Alpha Centauri), and the second is Project Lyra, the purpose of which is to intercept and study the mysterious object 'Oumuamua. In addition to the main tasks, these projects also include the creation of an interstellar communication network.

A team of scientists working under the Interstellar Research Initiative conducted research on the idea of ​​building a swarm of spacecraft weighing just a few grams and guiding them towards Proxima Centauri using powerful laser beams, maintaining optical communication with Earth. For years, the team has been working to research the best ways to study nearby stars using a fleet of a thousand or more small probes, Universe Today reports.

In the near future, there are limits, such as laser power of about 100 GW and a cost of about $100 billion, that place an upper limit on the mass of spacecraft that can be sent to the nearest star in a reasonable time, that is, within tens rather than hundreds years. This means that the mass of spacecraft is limited to just a few grams. However, if scientists can develop methods for launching ships, it will be possible to send a whole swarm.

There are many questions surrounding this idea. For example, how to protect ships from interstellar dust and how to support broadband communications at relativistic speeds? A possible solution is swarm architecture. A single spacecraft can be difficult to detect in interstellar space, but when we are talking about hundreds or thousands of vehicles making up a single system, the situation changes.

It is proposed to launch hundreds of probes in stages over the course of a year until the number reaches a thousand. Communication will be supported by a 100 GW laser synchronized with the probes' clocks. The formation of probes will be ensured by modulating the launch speed of the first and last devices. And although some of them may fail, most of them will still be able to achieve the goal.

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