Which gnomes often travel the world without the knowledge of their masters? Detailed answer

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Which gnomes often travel the world without the knowledge of their masters? Detailed answer

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Which gnomes often travel the world without the knowledge of their masters?

In the 1980s, a comic tradition arose in Western countries to take other people's garden gnomes on trips. The figurine is stolen, often leaving a note in its place like, "I want to see the world. Don't worry, I'll be right back." The gnome is photographed against the background of landmarks far from home, and then returned to the owner along with the photographs. This tradition became more widespread after the release of the film "Amelie", where the main character sends her father's dwarf on a journey.

Authors: Jimmy Wales, Larry Sanger

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Solar reactor produces hydrogen and captures waste 24.04.2023

EPFL engineers have built and tested a solar reactor that can generate hydrogen from sunlight and water. The system is not only highly efficient in producing hydrogen, but also captures oxygen and heat waste to also be used.

Hydrogen is set to become a key player in renewable energy, and one of the most efficient ways to produce it is to break down water into its constituent molecules. When this process is carried out using solar energy, it is called artificial photosynthesis, and this is the process that the new reactor uses.

The EPFL reactor looks like a satellite dish, and it works on a similar principle - a large curved surface collects as much light as possible and concentrates it on a small device suspended in the middle. In this case, the dish collects heat from the Sun and focuses it about 800 times on the photoelectrochemical reactor. Water is pumped into this reactor, where solar energy is used to split molecules into hydrogen and oxygen.

The reactor also captures two waste products of the process that are usually freshly released - oxygen and heat. Oxygen can be useful for hospitals or industrial uses, while heat passes through a heat exchanger and can be used to heat water or the interior of a building.

The reactor was tested on the EPFL campus for 13 days in August 2020, February and March 2021 to see how it performs under different weather conditions. Its solar-to-hydrogen efficiency has been found to average over 20%, producing about 500 g (1,1 lb) of hydrogen per day. The team says that with this capacity, for a year, the system could power 1,5 vehicles on medium-distance hydrogen fuel cells, or provide about half of the electricity needs of a household of four.

"With an output power of over 2 kilowatts, we have exceeded the 1 kilowatt limit for our pilot reactor while maintaining a record high efficiency for this large scale," said Sophia Haussener, corresponding author of the study. "The rate of hydrogen production achieved in this work is indeed an encouraging step towards the commercialization of this technology."

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