When were the first fertilizers applied? Detailed answer

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When were the first fertilizers applied? Detailed answer

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When were the first fertilizers applied?

Any substance added to the soil to enrich it and speed up plant growth is a fertilizer. Why is fertilizer needed? Essentially, they maintain the fertility of rich soil and compensate for the lack of fertility of poor soil. As plants mature, they absorb nutrients from the soil. Thus, they deplete the supply of soil nutrients; to make up for it, the farmer uses fertilizer.

There are natural fertilizers that once existed plants and living beings turn into. This is humus, which consists of the remains of rotted plants; flour prepared from animal bones or seeds, as well as manure. And there are also chemical fertilizers that are taken from different sources. Man has been using fertilizer for a long time. We do not know how long ago, but it is known that the Chinese used animal and plant waste as fertilizer thousands of years ago.

In the XNUMXnd century BC, the Romans rotated crops, added lime to the soil, and fertilized the soil with nitrogen by planting peas and beans. Throughout the XNUMXth century, manure was used as fertilizer in various parts of Europe, urban waste was taken to farms, and clover was sown to fertilize the soil.

In 1748, Benjamin Franklin demonstrated the value of slaked lime in America. He laid a layer of lime in the form of huge letters on a field along a highway near Philadelphia. The letters formed the words: "This field was limed." The white letters soon disappeared, but when shoots appeared, the inscription appeared again, since the fertilized area was much greener than the rest of the field.

Author: Likum A.

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What is a perpetual motion machine?

For hundreds of years, people have dreamed of creating a mechanism that, once set in motion, would continue it, performing useful work, while not drawing energy from an external source. However, each of the machines known to us requires an energy source. For example, the wings of windmills rotate using wind energy, while car engines run using the energy released when fuel is burned.

The idea of a perpetual motion machine is that in the course of its work it must produce energy for itself.

In other words, every time, making a full cycle, that is, returning to its original state, it must produce more energy than it consumed. Most people who tried to invent a perpetual motion machine proceeded from some practical considerations. They thought about how wonderful it would be if the mechanism pumped water or ground grain without requiring any energy. Is it possible to create such an engine?

Any scientist will answer you this question in the negative, because the existence of such a mechanism would contradict one of the most important laws of nature: the law of conservation of energy. According to this law, energy in nature is neither created nor destroyed. Energy can change from one form to another, be released, accumulated or dissipated. However, it cannot be created, which means that any mechanism must have a source of energy.

Throughout the history of mankind, thousands of attempts have been made to solve the problem of creating a perpetual motion machine. They began long before the law of conservation of energy was discovered. Even after this happened, there were many reports that such a device had finally been constructed. However, in each such case, the inventor's errors or simple fraud were subsequently discovered.

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