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CULTURAL AND WILD PLANTS
Plum homemade. Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application
Directory / Cultivated and wild plants Content
House plum, Prunus domestica. Photos of the plant, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism Sort by: Prunus Family: Pink (Rosaceae) Origin: Southwest Asia Area: The house plum is widely distributed in temperate climates, including Europe, Asia and North America. Chemical composition: Homemade plum contains vitamins C, B2, B3, B6, E, as well as calcium, potassium, magnesium, iron, phosphorus and other minerals. Also contains pectin, sugars, organic acids and other biologically active substances. Economic value: Plum home is used in the food industry for the production of jams, compotes, juices, canned food, as well as for the production of alcoholic beverages. In addition, oil is obtained from the plum for cosmetic purposes and for the production of soap. In medicine, decoctions and infusions of plums are used to treat disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, anemia and other diseases. Legends, myths, symbolism: In some cultures, the house plum symbolizes fertility and abundance. The plant gives a bountiful harvest of fruits, which are widely used in the food industry and traditional medicine. In some ceremonies, the domestic plum was used as a symbol of abundance and wealth. Plum house also symbolizes health and longevity. In folk medicine, plum fruits have been used to treat a number of ailments such as constipation, liver and kidney disease, and to strengthen the immune system. In some traditions, the house plum has been used as a symbol of health and longevity. In addition, in some cultures, plum is associated with magic and secrets. In medieval Europe, the plant was used to make a potion that was believed to cure mysterious and incomprehensible diseases. In some traditions, the house plum has been used to create amulets and talismans that protect against evil spirits and unwanted energies. In general, the house plum symbolizes fertility and abundance, health and longevity, magic and secrets.
House plum, Prunus domestica. Description, illustrations of the plant Plum. Myths, traditions, symbolism
A favorite symbol in East Asia of a girl's early youth, as the plum blossom (Chinese mei-hua) appears even before the tree is covered with leaves. An erotic shade of meaning is also visible in the name of the nuptial bed coverlet "plum-colored blanket." The five-leafed plum flower symbolized the five gods of happiness of ancient China, as well as a certain oracle; connected together branches of plum, pine and bamboo - symbolized the "three friends of the cold season." According to depth psychology (E. Eppley), a plum in some male dreams "promises" hearth success. The North German expression "on the plum Trinity", that is, on Whitsunday, on which the plums ripen, approximately means - "after the rain on Thursday." The ancient Greek name for the plum is kokkumelon, which means cuckoo apple. Author: Biedermann G.
House plum, Prunus domestica L. Botanical description, history of origin, nutritional value, cultivation, use in cooking, medicine, industry
Tree 6-12 m high or shrub with a flat-rounded crown. The leaves are petiolate, thin, serrated at the edges, almost bare above, pubescent below. The flowers are white, solitary or collected in a bunch. The fruit is a one-seeded juicy drupe of various shapes and colors with yellowish-green flesh; the bone is flattened, narrowed towards the ends. Blooms in April. Plum has been known since prehistoric times. Her homeland is the Caucasus, where she came from the crossing of thorns and cherry plums. There it was introduced into culture and quickly spread to Europe and Asia. Not found in the wild. Currently, the main cultivars are derived from botanical species: domestic plum, blackthorn, blackthorn, Ussuri plum, and Chinese-American plum hybrids. Over 2000 varieties are known. In terms of the number of trees, it ranks fourth among fruit trees, second only to apple, cherry, and pear. This is a relatively unpretentious culture, grows well on any soil. Propagated by grafting, layering. Seedlings of cultivated plum, blackthorn, apricot, peach, almond are used as rootstock. One- and two-year-old seedlings are planted in spring in a permanent place at a distance of 5-6 m from each other, and watered after planting. Care consists in loosening the soil, forming a crown, top dressing, watering. Pruning of branches is carried out in the fall. Plum grows and develops rapidly. Already in the third or fourth year, it begins to bear fruit. Depending on the variety, the fruits ripen from July to the end of September. They are harvested five to six days before full maturity. Fruits contain a lot of sugars (glucose and sucrose predominate), organic acids (malic, citric), nitrogenous, pectin and dyes, phenolic compounds, vitamin P, carotene, a small amount of B and C vitamins, potassium, iron, copper, zinc and iodine. The seeds contained a large amount of amygdalin glycoside and fatty oil.
Homemade plum has been used in ancient medicine. The fruits were recommended for constipation, atherosclerosis, kidney disease, rheumatism, gout, as a diuretic and as an appetite enhancer. Crushed fresh and steamed dry leaves were used as a wound healing. Plum is widely used for medicinal purposes even now. It has a mild laxative effect, and therefore is recommended for constipation. Plum, especially sour and sweet and sour, stops nausea and vomiting, quenches thirst, and has a calming effect on palpitations. It is recommended for kidney disease and hypertension as a diuretic. Dried plums, especially prunes, are very popular in the diet. Fiber and sugary substances contained in them enhance intestinal motility. Therefore, infusion and compote of prunes are recommended as a laxative. There is evidence that prunes help to remove cholesterol from the body, so it can be recommended for atherosclerosis and gallbladder diseases. One of the advantages of dried plums is their high nutritional value: they are four to five times higher in calories than fresh ones. Plum juice is also a dietary product, especially with pulp. It retains almost all the valuable nutritional qualities of fresh fruits. Such juice improves appetite and digestion, serves as a source of vitamins in winter, increases the acidity of gastric juice. The fruits are consumed both fresh and processed. They are dried in large quantities. Only from an oblong dark blue plum with a bluish bloom and an easy-to-separate stone do you get real prunes, glossy, burning black and fragrant. Plums are used to make jam, juice, marmalade, marmalade, jam, sauce, marinade; they are canned and frozen. Plum can serve as a rootstock for peach, apricot, almond. She is considered a good honey plant. Authors: Kretsu L.G., Domashenko L.G., Sokolov M.D.
Plum ordinary. Botanical description of the plant, areas of growth and ecology, economic importance, applications
A tree 6-15 m high of the rose family. A natural hybrid of blackthorn and cherry plum. The fruits are drupes, round or oval, with a lateral groove, purple, yellow, red, dark purple or black-blue, always with a bluish bloom. The homeland of the plum is Asia Minor, the Caucasus and Northern Iran. It is cultivated mainly in the southern regions. I. V. Michurin created varieties of plums that grow well and bear fruit abundantly up to the parallel of Moscow. The best varieties in the world assortment are Renklod green, Hungarian Italian, Victoria. Plum fruits contain up to 17% sugars, 1-3-organic acids (mainly malic and citric), pectin, tannins and dyes, vitamins C, P, B1, B2, carotene. About 40% fatty oil, amygdalin glycoside, was found in the seeds. Plums are widely eaten fresh and for making jams, compotes, marmalades, marmalades, tinctures, dried for future use. The pulp of fresh fruits, as well as dried plums (prunes) are used in medicine as a mild laxative. Fresh and boiled plums also have a diuretic effect. Up to 20% fatty oil is extracted from the seeds by pressing, which can be used as food, for burning, in soap making and the perfume industry. Garden plum has been used in ancient medicine. The fruits were recommended for prolonged constipation, heartburn, atherosclerosis, kidney disease, rheumatism, gout, as a diuretic, appetite stimulant and gastric pain reliever; crushed fresh and steamed dry leaves were used to heal wounds.
In the wild state in the Carpathians and the western regions of Ukraine, it is found among shrubs, on the edges of the prickly thorn, or blackthorn (plum-thorn). Blackthorn fruits have a chemical composition close to common plum, but they are tart, sweet and sour, the sugar content in them does not exceed 6-8% (mainly sucrose and levulose). Usually they are eaten after freezing, and are also used for the production of wines, the Ternovka spirit drink, syrups, kvass, extracts, liqueurs, vinegar, confectionery products with high taste and dietary properties, and a delicate pleasant aroma. The fruits are sometimes added to soups for acidification. In France, pickled unripe sloes are used instead of olives. Roasted fruits along with leaves can serve as a substitute for coffee and tea. The fruits are harvested canned and dried. Activated charcoal can be obtained from the seeds. In medicine, the plant is used to treat diseases of the kidneys and bladder, atony of the digestive tract, inflammation of the oral cavity. In folk medicine, blackthorn flowers were used as a mild laxative, diuretic and diaphoretic, for hypertension, furunculosis; bark and roots - as an antipyretic, as an astringent for gastrointestinal disorders, leucorrhea, erysipelas; ripe fruits - as an astringent for gastrointestinal disorders; young leaves - in the form of tea as a diuretic and mild laxative, for rinsing with inflammation of the oral cavity. Authors: Dudnichenko L.G., Krivenko V.V.
House plum, Prunus domestica. Botanical description of the plant, area, methods of application, cultivation
The domestic plum is of hybrid origin, believed to be a cross between blackthorn (Prunus spinosa) and cherry plum (Prunus cerasifera). Tree up to 15 m high with an ovoid crown. The life expectancy of a tree can reach 25 years, the productive period is 10-15 years. Early-fruiting varieties come into fruition for 2-3 years after planting, late-fruiting - for 6-7 years. The root system is pivotal, the bulk of the roots is located at a depth of 20-40 cm. Leaves alternate, simple, short-petiolate, elliptical or obovate, with crenate or serrate margin, pubescent below; length 4-10 cm, width 2-5 cm. Flower buds are simple, produce 1-3 flowers. The flowers are white, 1,5-2 cm in diameter. The fruit is a single stone fruit, depending on the variety - purple, yellow, pale green, red, black and blue, with a bluish wax coating. The stone is flattened, pointed at both ends. The geographical center of origin of the home plum can be considered the territory stretching from the Eastern Caucasus to the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea, including the Balkan Peninsula and Asia Minor. House plum is not found in a wild state, but in the areas of its cultivation (almost all over the world), it often runs wild and can be found in the vicinity of settlements, in abandoned settlements and overgrown gardens.
Home plum fruits contain vitamins A (in dark-colored fruits), B1, B2, C and P and the necessary elements: potassium, phosphorus (the content of which is higher than in apples and pears), calcium, magnesium, iron. The sugar content (depending on the variety and growing conditions) ranges from 9 to 17% (fructose, glucose and sucrose). Plum fruits also contain organic acids (malic and citric, as well as oxalic and traces of salicylic), pectin, tannins, and nitrogenous substances. Plum fruits contain 49 kcal, despite the high sugar content. Dark varieties of plums (purple, blue, black) contain up to 82 mg% of anthocyanins and anthocyanides, which give color to these fruits. Flavonols (quercetin, isoquercitrin) are also present. Plum vitamins are presented in a wide variety: C (10 mg%), B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), B5 (pantothenic acid), B6 (pyridoxine), B9 (folic acid), PP (nicotinic acid), E ( tocopherol), beta-carotene. Plum pits contain up to 42% fatty oil, which is equivalent to almond oil. House plum is a valuable food plant. According to the shape of the fruit, their color and some other features, the following groups of plum varieties are distinguished:
It is more useful to use plums fresh or dried (prunes), as heat treatment destroys many substances necessary for the body. But jams, compotes, jams, juices, various desserts are also very tasty, although less useful. Wine, liqueurs, tinctures are made from plums, which also have a good taste, aroma, and can even compete with good grape wines. The high content of organic acids is useful for good digestion and assimilation of heavy fatty, meaty foods. That is why tkemal sauce is so popular in the Caucasus for meat food made from sour plums. Plum has many positive properties for human health. The presence of succinic acid in its fruits makes them very valuable and beneficial to our health. After all, succinic acid contributes to the production of ATP in cells, i.e. cellular energy for the needs of the cell, various cellular processes. This is a kind of "energy tonic" for the body, stimulating the production of energy and directing it to those organs, tissues that especially need it at the moment. The beneficial properties of homemade plums are also associated with the presence of a large number of phenolic compounds. Anthocyanins, flavonols (quercetin, isoquercetin) helps to strengthen large and small vessels and capillaries, cleaning them from cholesterol deposits. They help the body resist cancer, age-related diseases, thus maintaining our health and youth for many years. In folk medicine, the beneficial properties of plums have always been used as a good cleansing of the body and restoration of the efficiency of all its organs, especially after illnesses. Plum fruits act as a mild laxative. Therefore, they should not be used for indigestion and intestinal disorders. This is especially true for children whose intestines are already working well, and draining will cause loose stools and gas formation. The high sugar content of fruits is harmful for diabetics. Therefore, the number of fruits in the diet for them must be limited. Due to the presence of oxalic acid, draining is contraindicated in people suffering from urolithiasis, it can increase the formation of stones. House plum is a valuable food plant. Dried plum fruits are called prunes and are classified as dried fruits. Plum is a late spring honey plant, during flowering it gives honey bees up to 10 kg of honey per hectare of plantings. A non-drying oil for the medical industry is obtained from the seeds of the domestic plum. Plum trees are valued as ornamentals, they are used in landscaping, because they are very beautiful during the flowering period.
Plum and others. Featured article
Wild plum - cherry plum grows in the mountains of the Caucasus, under the shade of large trees - walnut or oak. If they are then cut down, the cherry plum grows and gives many fruits. Cherry plum is also bred in gardens. It comes in different varieties - with yellow, red and black fruits. Another relative of the home plum is the turn. This is a low, waist-deep shrub. Very prickly: all branches and trunks with thorns. The fruits of the blackthorn are gray, like blueberries, and just as small. They are sour. The blackthorn grows in the steppes in such large thickets that in autumn, when the fruits ripen, the steppes seem blue like the sea. And where did the house plum come from? Botanists found out that she is a child of thorns and cherry plums. The homeland of the plum is Asia Minor, the Caucasus and Northern Iran. Now many varieties of homemade plums are grown. Author: Smirnov A.
Plum. Features of planting and growing
Plum has long been widespread in many countries of Europe and Asia. It was known in ancient Egypt, where it was considered one of the delicacies, and the Syrians were the first to dry its fruits and sell prunes to other countries. In ancient Rome, the plum appeared thanks to Pompey, the Roman general, who brought an unusual plant from Damascus. Many legends are associated with the plum, and its varieties are becoming more and more. Some of them, in particular in Europe, died in the era of the Crusades. But, thanks to the efforts of breeders, new ones appear that are well cultivated in the middle lane. The plum has its own characteristics, knowing which you can grow delicious fruits for many years. Plum is a popular crop. In order for a tree to grow, develop and give a tasty, healthy harvest, you need to choose the right varieties for your garden. Plum along with cherries occupy a leading position. Tasty, juicy fruits are used in cooking and medicine, due to their high nutritional value and healing properties. In terms of the content of riboflavin, thiamine, pectin and carotene, plum is superior to pear, apple and strawberries. The right choice of both old and newly bred varieties that are resistant to cold winters and pests will allow you to get rich harvests every year. Plum is a tasty and vitamin-rich culture, but at the same time quite difficult to grow, whimsical. It is better to choose something from medium-sized plants, which differ not only in their small size, but also in the excellent taste of the fruit. Plums grow best in moist, loamy, well-drained, warm, nutrient-rich soils with a pH of 7,5. On heavy, waterlogged, acidic, alkaline and cold soils, plums develop poorly, often suffer from frost, and bear fruit poorly. The plum begins to bear fruit at 3-4 or 5-6 years, continues to produce crops for 20 years. Landing time. Fruit trees are planted in both spring and autumn. Each season has its own advantages and disadvantages. Fruit trees are often planted in autumn, in September, so that the tree has time to take root before the onset of the first cold weather, and in the spring it enters a new development cycle with all other plants. In autumn, at the end of the season, the choice of seedlings is much richer, planting material is fresh - this is the main advantage of autumn planting. The seedling should be protected from the risk of freezing and damage by rodents for the winter. To do this, the trunk circles are mulched with a thick layer of compost or humus, the shoots of young trees are covered with spruce branches. In the northern regions, fruit trees are often planted in the spring, before the start of sap flow and bud break, in April, as soon as the snow has melted and saturated the soil with moisture. Spring planting of seedlings in regions with a harsh climate is preferable, since in September-October there is a risk of early frosts. A tree that has not had time to adapt and take root properly is not ready for such trials, so it may not survive the winter. A pit for spring planting is prepared the previous autumn, and at the very beginning of the season, as soon as the earth warms up so that you can stick a shovel into the ground on a bayonet, they start planting plums. The advantage of spring planting is the excellent readiness of the seedling for winter: over the summer it will fully adapt, develop a rich root system. At the same time, in the spring, when all the trees begin a new vegetative cycle, the seedling spends a lot of energy on the adaptation period, on the development of roots, and not on foliage and shoot growth. Another disadvantage is the purchase of a seedling in the spring. At this time, you can buy a weakened tree, dug up for sale in the fall and survived the winter in conditions artificially created for this. Therefore, it is recommended to buy planting material in well-established nurseries.
Selection of plum seedling. The quality of planting material is an important factor in the successful cultivation of plums in your garden. To purchase a seedling of the desired variety in good condition, it is better to contact a nursery where professionals are engaged in breeding and selling varietal plums. By giving preference to varieties bred for a particular region, the gardener claims to guarantee that the plant is viable. When buying seedlings, you need to carefully examine them in order to see defects in time and avoid possible troubles. Get a tree with a good trunk. Evaluate the roots of the plant so that they are not weathered or overdried. If the roots, in your opinion, are not quite fresh, put them in a container filled with water for 3-4 hours. The best option is to plant several trees at once, the flowering of which coincides in time. Place for planting plums. Having decided to plant plum trees in your summer cottage, you need to familiarize yourself with the requirements of this type of fruit tree in order to provide comfortable conditions for the plant. Plum is a long-liver on the site, with proper care, it bears fruit for 20 and 25 years. Therefore, the place must be chosen so that later you do not have to save the tree. The maximum effect from growing plums is obtained when the tree is planted in open sunny areas or in places where there is light partial shade for some time during the day. Growing fruit trees in the lower parts of the garden, where moisture is retained in the soil or groundwater is close, will not bring the expected result: the plum will hurt in such conditions, it will not have the strength to bear fruit. Vigorous trees are planted at a distance of at least 3 m from the nearest neighbors, buildings, communication lines. More compact specimens need 2,5 m. Favorable Neighbors and Plum Antagonists An important factor in the successful cultivation of plums in the garden is the proximity to plums, since such a neighborhood will help even self-fertile varieties. Surrounded by pear and cherry trees, the plum will be uncomfortable, the plant will develop and bear fruit worse. The soil. Heavy, moist clay soils, like sandstones that are unable to retain moisture, are not suitable for plum cultivation. The best soil option is rich, nutritious, moisture-intensive loams with a slightly acidic or neutral reaction, good drainage. You can determine the acidity of the soil in the area by growing weeds, and knowing what type of soil, you can adjust the level of acidity to create a more favorable environment for growing different crops. Soil preparation for plum. The site where plums are planned to be planted must be thoroughly cleaned of weeds, dug to the depth of a spade bayonet, removing roots and at the same time introducing elements into the soil that normalize the acidity necessary for plums. Also at this stage, the soil structure is improved: too heavy clay soil is diluted with sand, peat, and too sandy soil, on the contrary, is "weighted" with clay. Carefully dug up for an even distribution of the components, the soil is ready for the next stage. Landing hole preparation. It doesn’t matter if planting is planned in autumn or spring, the pit is prepared in advance. For autumn planting work - at least 2 weeks, it is better if a month before planting. For spring work with planting material - at the end of the previous season. Compliance with this rule is necessary, since in the indicated time the soil in the pit will settle down, compact, and, after the tree finds its permanent place, the risk of soil settlement will be minimal. A pit dug 2-3 days before planting will “draw in” the seedling with sinking soil for a long time during irrigation, temperature changes. The tree will eventually be below the general level of the soil. If it is not "raised" to the desired level, it will die from moisture stagnation. Simply adding earth to raise the soil without lifting the plant means ruining the tree even faster, since the root collar will be underground. The dimensions of the pit should not be less than 60 by 60 cm. The top layer of soil, cleaned, with an improved structure, is folded separately, as it will still come in handy. If the seedling has an open root system, then a peg is stuck in the center of the pit, which should rise 40-50 cm above the level of the seat. This support will help keep the young tree upright. Seedlings with a closed root system do not require additional support. The bottom of the pit is covered with drainage, this is especially important if the soil in the area is heavy. In light, loose soils where moisture does not linger, it is better to pour a little clay into the bottom of the pit. The deposited upper part of the earth taken out of the pit is mixed with compost, humus, enriched with ash and placed in a pit for shrinkage until planting. The earth should not be oversaturated with fertilizers, as there is a risk of burning the delicate root system. Stimulation of growth at a time when all forces should go to rooting and adaptation can weaken the seedling. 1,5-2 hours before planting, the seedling is immersed in water or a solution of a drug that stimulates root formation ("Heteroauxin", "Kornevin", "Kornerost"). The seedling will be saturated with the necessary moisture. In addition, planting material with a closed root system after such moistening will be easier to get out of the container without damaging the roots.
Plum care after planting. The first year after planting, the plum does not need to be fed - a nutrient supply is sufficient if the planting pit has been properly charged. The first watering after planting is in 10-15 days, depending on the weather. If the plum is planted in the fall, then we must not forget about water-charging watering at the very end of the season. During the first summer, it is necessary to observe a seedling susceptible to pest attack in order to take action in time. The conditions for keeping plums are similar to caring for other fruit trees. They include watering and loosening the earth, weeding, top dressing, regular pruning. Spring plum care work Maximum attention is required for fruit trees in the spring, when the garden is just freed from snow and the trees begin to wake up. It was at this time that the foundations of a bountiful harvest were laid. These branches and all shoots on them should be halved. The rest of the branches, especially those that grow down and inside the crown, should be removed. Treat the places of cuts with crushed coal and cover with garden pitch. This should be done as early as possible, immediately after pruning, until the sun begins to warm up properly. The stems of adult plums are often whitewashed in autumn to protect the trunks from the penetration of insects wintering under the bark of trees. For whitewashing, both ready-made mixtures ("Garden whitewashing") and self-prepared solutions from slaked lime (about 3 kg per bucket of water) are suitable. To preserve soil moisture and prevent the growth of weeds, the near-stem circle is mulched with any material - plucked weeds, rotted sawdust, peat, up to sheets of cardboard. Mature trees are difficult to wrap with protective material, so metal buckets with last year's foliage or sawdust can be placed between the trees. In the center of the bucket, push a recess with a shovel handle, set fire to the recess at the bottom so that the rising smoke protects the tree branches from freezing. Plum care in summer It is better to water fruit trees in the morning, from 7 to 9 o'clock, or in the evening, after 19 o'clock. At this time, the sun's rays do not burn so much: the slightest drop on the foliage can become a lens, as a result of which numerous burns form. In the case of a dry summer, the plum is watered once every 10 days, 7 buckets under mature trees, so that the earth is well saturated with moisture. But pouring a plum is not worth it, as this will affect the quality of the fruit. Feeding a plum tree should begin in the first year after planting. In spring, in addition to organics, nitrogen fertilizers are applied, and in autumn, fertilizers containing potassium and phosphorus are applied. Before fertilizing the soil, it must be loosened, and then 10 kg of humus per square meter of land must be applied. Mineral fertilizers are added per square meter:
Fertilizers in this amount are applied for four years, in the next four years - twice as much. Summer plum care also includes additional pruning. At this time, frozen branches are cut off, which did not notice dry branches before, and shortening the shoots. If you cover the trunk circle with dandelions, nettles and other weeds, then the moisture will not evaporate so quickly, and the tree will receive an additional charge of nutrients. Timely removal of the root growth will not allow the plum to lose strength to feed the shoots, as they feed on maternal juices without developing their own root system. How to care for plums in autumn The autumn stage is no less important than the spring one, since the tree, which has devoted all its strength to bearing the crop, is preparing for winter. Pruning. The main pruning of plum trees in the middle lane is carried out mainly in the spring. It is at this time that the crown is formed for 5 years. It is preferable to form a sparse-tiered crown, leaving a stem of 0 meters.
Annual plum. Crown formation begins from the second year, when the plant takes root and gets stronger. It is necessary to select no more than seven branches that will be skeletal and cut them by a third. They should be about the same distance apart and grow at a 45 degree angle. The upper tier is formed at a distance of 40 cm from the stem, branches growing higher at a large angle and lower are cut off. The center conductor is also cut off so that the height of the drain does not exceed 180 cm. Biennial plum. The formation of the crown continues. The central conductor is reduced by retreating 40 cm from the top. The lateral processes are cut to a bud looking down, leaving a length of no more than 15 cm. The growths of the branches are also cut off. Particular attention is paid to the skeletal branches of the second tier, which should be 30 cm from the first. Three year old plum. The conductor is cut again, since it should exceed the length of the skeletal branches by only six buds. Also, all improperly growing shoots are removed so that the plum does not resemble a thorn. Four year old plum. The crown is already almost formed. If the work is carried out correctly, it has a pyramidal shape. Four-year-old branches are removed, making room for the growth of new ones, on which fruits will grow. Plum breeding. Seeds. The most patient and curious gardeners can get a plum tree from a stone - there are no special tricks here, it just takes time. In autumn, the bones, cleaned of juice and pulp residues, are wrapped in a damp cloth, placed in a bag or container and kept in the refrigerator until the end of winter, monitoring the moisture content of the material. In early March, stratification ends - the seeds are planted in the ground - in a common container or small seedling pots. Shoots in the stage of two pairs of leaflets dive. Timely watering, loosening the soil in a pot, top dressing - in a year the plant is ready for transplanting into open ground in compliance with all planting rules. Root growth. This is the easiest and fastest way to get a new plant of a certain variety. The plum root system is superficial, it forms many offspring, which are subject to destruction, as they suck out the juices from the mother tree. Having chosen a strong shoot at a distance of at least a meter from the donor tree, you should slightly rake the earth from the trunk, as a result of which the main root will be easily found. Having dug up the root on both sides to a length of 10-15 cm, with a sharp knife or secateurs they bite the root on both sides, sprinkling the cuts with crushed coal. After holding the offspring in a solution of heteroauxin or any other root formation stimulator, the cutting is planted in the place allotted to it. Such cuttings are best done in early spring, so that by winter the cuttings will grow stronger and grow their own root system. Root cuttings. It is also a fairly simple and effective method of reproduction, more relevant for early spring. To obtain planting material, a part of the root system of the mother tree is also excavated at a distance of about 100 cm from the trunk. For cuttings, segments of the root with a kidney are chosen. The segment itself must be at least 10 mm thick. The cuttings are cut off, kept in a root formation stimulator and planted in a pre-prepared bed. This bed was previously dug up, cleared of weeds and remnants of the roots of other plants. Compost and humus, a little sand are introduced into the soil. Prepared cuttings are planted in a groove, previously well watered with warm water, sprinkled with compost, slightly compacted. The landing site is covered with a film to create greenhouse conditions. When shoots appear, the film is lifted on arcs so as not to interfere with growth. Periodically, the greenhouse is ventilated, the earth is watered and loosened. Weeds must be removed in time, as they inhibit the growth of the crop and rob the sprout of moisture and nutrition. After a year, grown plants can be transplanted to a permanent place. Plum cuttings During the summer struggle with root shoots, cuttings are harvested for rooting. Shoots up to 40 cm are cut with a sharp tool, the lower leaves are removed. For several hours, they are immersed in a solution of a root formation stimulator. For rooting cuttings prepare a separate bed. The earth is dug up, clearing of weeds. Make equal amounts of peat and sand. Install low arcs to create a greenhouse for the cuttings. In a lightly compacted and well-moistened ground, the cuttings are buried to the first removed leaf. The stalk should be located at an angle of 45 degrees relative to the surface of the bed. The soil around the stems is compacted, watered and covered with a film. Regularly open the greenhouse to ventilate. It is important to monitor soil moisture. A month later, it is useful for cuttings to feed on a nitrogen complex or a well-diluted mullein solution. Rooted cuttings for the winter are well insulated with mulch from compost or humus, covered with spruce branches, covered with fallen leaves. In the spring, overwintered cuttings are transplanted to a permanent place. Propagation of plum cuttings (green). This method is one of the most common, and many gardeners use it with pleasure, since the planted cuttings have a high survival rate, and they quickly grow. But the problem is that not all plums are able to multiply like that. Therefore, you will have to stop only on plums, in which roots grow rapidly.
Cuttings should be cut at the beginning of summer, when shoots are growing rapidly. To propagate plums by cuttings, you need:
In the morning they can already be planted in a prepared greenhouse. To do this, a mixture of sand and peat is placed in the container, and the surface is again covered with sand and watered. Then cuttings are planted in the prepared mixture, deepening them into the ground at an angle of 45 degrees at a distance of 5 cm from each other. Then they are covered with a film and placed in a bright and warm place, protected from direct sunlight. The cuttings are constantly watered, and after 4 weeks they are fed with a solution with the addition of manure or nitrogen fertilizer (30 g per 10 liters of water). The film is removed after the rooting of the cuttings. In September-early October, they are dug up, laid in a trench, tearing off with moss or sawdust. Prevention and treatment of a tree Fruit stone trees, which include plums, are affected by many fungal diseases that can destroy not only the current crop, but also the tree. If the problem is not detected in time and action is not taken, the disease will destroy the entire garden. But it is worth remembering that, first of all, those plants that are weakened by improper conditions of detention, have undergone freezing in winter, become infected. Therefore, a diligent gardener tries to prevent the onset of the disease. Regular sanitary pruning of the crown, which excludes thickening of foliage, allows the tree to breathe, especially in wet weather, when stagnation of moist air provokes the development of fungi. Unfortunately, the plum is prone to many diseases, and pests also often settle on it. Therefore, it is necessary to know how to deal with them and what preventive measures are best taken. Diseases that affect the plant include fruit rot, coccomycosis, soot fungus, marsupial disease, milky sheen, root cancer, rust, moniliosis, gommosis and clasterosporia. Fallen leaves and pruned branches are burned in autumn to reduce the chances of disease. In early spring, cultivate the land in near-stem circles with Nitrafen, after flowering - with Karbofos. In the last days of April and after flowering, treat the tree with Aktellik's solution. Spray the plant with a 10% solution of Karbofos when the buds begin to swell. Treat the tree with an infusion of tobacco, wormwood, chamomile, during flowering and the appearance of pests. Author: Zorina A.
House plum, Prunus domestica. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology
Ethnoscience:
Cosmetology:
Attention! Before use, consult with a specialist!
House plum, Prunus domestica. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing
The domestic plum (Prunus domestica) is a tree or shrub grown as a fruit crop. Plums are widely used in cooking to create desserts, preserves and preserves. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing house plums: Cultivation:
Workpiece:
Storage:
See also Article Plum. Features of planting and growing
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