A simple capacitance meter. Scheme, description

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A simple capacitance meter. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Measuring technology

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Simple capacitance meter

The adjustment consists in setting the maximum limits on each range using switchable resistors (47 ohms), which are better to use trimmers.

Publication: N. Bolshakov, rf.atnn.ru

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Protein edits other proteins 14.01.2015

Proteins are high molecular weight organic substances that consist of alpha-amino acids. In living organisms, the amino acid composition of proteins is determined by the genetic code, but now scientists have discovered a completely different way to build a protein.

Proteins are assembled from amino acids in structural parts of cells called ribosomes, with the structure of each protein encoded in DNA. Genetic information is transferred from DNA to ribosomes using informational or messenger RNA transmitter molecules, and on the basis of the information transmitted by molecules, protein synthesis of the corresponding type is performed in ribosomes.

A team of American scientists from the University of Utah, California and Stanford Universities has discovered a fundamentally new way of building proteins in living cells. The yellow clot in the photo is the Rqc2 protein, which, as it turned out, is able to take on the functions of messenger RNA. It is associated with ribosomal RNA molecules (highlighted in blue and green) and instructs ribosomes (white spiral mass) to insert a random sequence of amino acids into the synthesized protein.

However, the purpose of the Rqc2 protein is not the synthesis of "random" proteins - this process is only part of the recycling of the material, which is activated when failures occur in the synthesis of a normal protein. Scientists managed to fix that in the event of a synthesis error, the Rqc2 protein molecule immediately combines with ribosomal RNA molecules, which as a result leads to the appearance in the structure of the synthesized protein of an insert of 20 random amino acid units of two types - alanine and threonine.

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