BIG ENCYCLOPEDIA FOR CHILDREN AND ADULTS
What is fuel? Detailed answer Directory / Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education Did you know? What is fuel? Fuel is a substance that is burned to provide heat and light and to generate energy. The combustion process is a chemical reaction. The substance combines with oxygen from the air and releases energy. Energy is released in the form of heat and light. The energy in fuel comes from the sun. Plants from which fuel is obtained absorb the energy of sunlight and use it to develop their tissue. Burning wood and charcoal release the energy that plants have stored. When we burn coal and oil, we use the energy stored up by plants that lived millions of years ago. There are different types of fuel, and in fact, everything that burns can be called a fuel. Commonly used fuels are wood, coal, natural gas and gasoline. Fuels can be classified into solid, liquid and gaseous. It can also be classified by origin as natural, chemical, or metal-based. Wood was the first fuel used by man, and remained the most important for many centuries. It was easier to get and it was the cheapest. But in the XNUMXth century, the amount of wood in Europe decreased, and they began to replace it with coal. Coal contains a large percentage of carbon. Carbon is the most important element in most fuels. Fuel with a high percentage of carbon burns evenly and produces a hot flame. Hard coal, or anthracite, has a higher percentage of carbon than other types of coal, it produces less smoke and ash. The most important liquid fuels are derived from petroleum. These are kerosene, gasoline and burning oils. Author: Likum A. Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia: How is ocean depth measured? Scientists who study the sea are called oceanographers. Since the depths of the ocean are dark and cold, scientists don't know much about them. Some parts of the ocean floor were studied only through the windows of research submarines and through the eyepieces of bathyscaphes made specifically for studying the depths of the sea, but still this information is clearly not enough. One of the problems of interest to oceanographers is the depth of the ocean. Measuring it is called "listening to depth". In the old days, measurement was done using a rope with a load tied to it, which was lowered into the water. Later, very thin wire was used for this, such as the one from which piano strings are made. Today, scientists can get a much more accurate idea of the depth of the ocean floor with a single invention called an echo sounder. It uses echo to study the ocean floor. A device installed on board the ship sends a sound signal. Sound travels through the water at a speed of about one mile per second. It is reflected from the bottom and caught on the way back by a special device. The deeper the water, the longer it takes for the echo to reach the side of the ship. A modern echo sounder sends ultrasonic waves to the bottom. Then the instruments register the echo in the form of a black line on a sheet of special paper. Usually this paper contains the decoding of these signs in fathoms (a fathom is 1,8 meters). With the help of an echo sounder, you can easily determine the depth of the sea. But the device can do more than just that. He can draw a detailed line of the seabed under the ship by listening to the bottom every few meters along the ship's course. If a ship passes over a submarine, the echo sounder registers its exact shape. If the bottom is flat, the echo sounder will depict it the same way. The echo sounder will not miss even a small unevenness of the bottom less than a meter high!
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