Spirit gun. Fun physical experience at home

ENTERTAINING EXPERIENCES AT HOME
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Spirit gun. Physical experiments

Entertaining experiments in physics

Entertaining experiences at home / Physics experiments for children

The force with which air or another gas tends to occupy more space and exerts pressure on everything that prevents it from expanding is called gas elasticity.

As the volume of gas decreases, the pressure produced by it increases, and as the volume of gas increases, the pressure decreases. The property of increasing air elasticity during compression is widely used in engineering (tires, brakes). The elasticity of the gas causes the oil to spurt out of the ground.

Make a simple home-made - a blowgun - based on the elastic properties of air.

blowgun

Take a glass or metal tube and two corks that fit snugly into this tube. You can even use "plugs" cut from raw potatoes. On both sides, push the plug into the tube. The air will be compressed and the second plug will pop out of the tube with a noise. It was pushed out by compressed air.

If we make a handle with a piston so that one of the plugs is tightly fastened to the rod, we get a more perfect blowgun.

All kinds of machines and devices that operate with compressed air, such as jackhammers used in coal mines, brakes in railway and tram cars, and many others, are called pneumatic.

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The consequences of the explosion will be predicted by the computer 29.02.2012

Specialists from the US Department of Homeland Security have developed a unique computer model that can predict the consequences of a bomb explosion in a dense urban area.

The Urban Blast Tool (UBT) program allows you to understand what will happen if, for example, a truck filled with explosives explodes in the center of Manhattan. Security professionals can now accurately determine the effects of an explosion and damage to nearby buildings and outlying areas of the city. In practice, this will make it possible to properly organize the evacuation of people from a dangerous area, build obstacles for shrapnel and blast near protected buildings, and in the future, design urban development in terms of ensuring maximum safety for citizens in the event of a terrorist attack.

UBT uses an accurate XNUMXD model of the city - currently only Manhattan, a high-rise area of New York City, has been modeled. In the future, models of some areas of Los Angeles, Chicago, Washington and Boston will be made. The software allows you to customize the force of the virtual explosion: from a bomb with the power of a hand grenade to a van with tons of explosives. Sophisticated algorithms calculate the movement of the shock wave through the intricate maze of streets, corners, elevation changes and other features of the urban landscape.

Until now, such calculations have been an extremely difficult task, since the shock wave tends to be reflected many times and change its strength depending on the terrain. After the destruction of the towers of the World Trade Center, many scientists tried to simulate the behavior of the shock wave in a specific urban area. However, until now, there was no reliable technique for modeling the consequences of an explosion. Supercomputers can calculate the shock wave pressure based on computational fluid dynamics, but this often takes several weeks. At the same time, it is required to evacuate people from the area where the bomb was found immediately.

When developing UBT, scientists decided to first create a computational fluid dynamics database, which allowed the program to substitute the required values and simulate an explosion in a matter of minutes. As a result of long-term painstaking work, a computer model was created that takes into account the strength of buildings, the tolerance of blast wave pressure by people, the architecture of the quarter, and many other parameters. Using UBT, you can, for example, find out that at a distance of two blocks from the explosion site, people will get shell shock, glass will fly out of the windows, and a 9-story building located 100 meters away will collapse.

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