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AT LEISURE
To help the erudite. Database on the history, geography, biology, science, technology, sport, culture, traditions of the peoples of the world. According to the materials of the press and the Internet.
In 2007, Chinese solar panel production tripled, making China the world's number one producer and capturing 35% of the world's solar panel market. In 2010, China's wood imports are expected to rise to 125 million cubic meters. More than half of this wood will be imported from Russia, Indonesia and Malaysia, where deforestation is almost unregulated by the state. The world's first recycling plant for old nylon flooring is under construction in Augusta, USA. It will convert 90 tons of worn-out carpets a year into caprolactam, which can be made into a polymer again. A necklace has been invented at the University of Amsterdam to diagnose an approaching asthma attack. The microphone picks up the sounds of breathing, they are analyzed by the built-in microprocessor. In England, 12 million used cell phones and 2 million televisions are thrown into landfills every year. An idea has been patented in England: to turn old oil platforms not too far from the coast into wind farms. And the cable for transferring energy to land should be laid in pipes through which oil was pumped. In England, they began to make ceramic floor tiles from used TV tubes and computer monitors. There are about 22 lions left in Africa, about ten times less than a quarter of a century ago. In Basel (Switzerland) last September the XNUMXth International Congress of Humor in Therapy took place. Humor is especially good for depression, but it does no harm for all other ailments. There are 31 species of sharks in the Baltic Sea, mostly small ones. However, in the region of the Danish straits, you can also meet a giant shark up to 10 meters long, feeding on plankton. The Institute for the Health of Musicians was established in Berlin. Here they study occupational diseases of musicians, methods of their treatment and prevention. In the next 20 years, under the pressure of new, including genetically modified, breeds, 2200 familiar varieties of farm animals may disappear from farms. About 190 patients die every year in US hospitals due to medical errors. In large cities and their environs, the difference between daytime and nighttime temperatures is greater on weekends than on weekdays. This is the result of studies conducted by meteorologists in the cities of Japan, China, Mexico and the United States. The reason, apparently, is related to human activity, but the specific mechanism has not yet been deciphered. About a hundred species of microbes live in the human upper respiratory tract. Ecologists have found traces of cocaine in the air of Rome: up to 0,1 nanograms per cubic meter. In some areas of the city, the content of cocaine is 10 times higher than the level of dioxins. Police estimate that more than 10 cocaine addicts live in Rome. Hydrogen fluoride has been detected in a gas cloud in the constellation Sagittarius using a space infrared telescope. This is the first time this toxic and corrosive compound has been discovered in space. True, there is very little of it: for a billion molecules of hydrogen, there is one molecule of hydrogen fluoride. In Germany, 19 percent of adults have a cell phone, and in the Scandinavian countries, between 52 and 58 percent. This is explained by the fact that it is difficult to pull wires along the northern sparsely populated expanses, it is easier to establish a radiotelephone network. True, for some reason this geographical factor does not yet operate in Russia. The incidence of mental illness is on the rise in Germany. In 1980, the number of sick leaves issued for mental illness was 2,5 percent of all bulletins, and in 2002 it increased to 7,5 percent. There are 140 inventor clubs in Germany. In Germany, the Berlin Institute for the Study of Transport Problems has been established. Moreover, in accordance with the complexity and relevance of the problems, the new institute is included in the structure of the National Center for Aeronautics and Astronautics. In the town of Hobbs, built 40 years ago on a depleted oil field in New Mexico (USA), autoimmune disease lupus occurs 30-90 times more often than the national average. The reason is believed to be the petroleum hydrocarbons remaining in the soil. Large placers of rubies have been discovered in Greenland. The largest Greenland ruby weighs 200 carats (40 grams). In the Hudson Bay, Canadian geologists have discovered the oldest rocks on Earth. These stones are 3,825 billion years old. The previous record is rocks in western Greenland, which are 3,7 billion years old. Denmark has twice as many pigs as people and pork makes up about 13 percent of Danish exports. In the Democratic Republic of the Congo, two new national parks with a total area of 20 square kilometers are being created. Elephants, chimpanzees, leopards and the world's largest population of gorillas will live in peace in them. In the Himalayas Valley, in northern India (Kashmir), Indian paleontologists have found the remains of a giant elephant. A skull measuring 1,5 by 1,2 meters and a fragment of a tusk 80 centimeters long were found. These bones are about 50 thousand years old. The discovery suggests that in those days the climate of the Himalayas was subtropical. British homes are now twice as likely to find a home computer than a dishwasher. Europe accumulates six million tons of end-of-life household appliances and electronics every year. Therefore, from 2002, they will not just be thrown into a landfill, but will be taken to special points for disassembly into parts, 80% of which can be used again. Since 2008, the use of heavy metals and toxic synthetic compounds in electronics and electrical engineering will be prohibited in Europe. About 50 thousand bears live in Europe, of which 37 thousand live in Russia. There are 524 species of birds known in Europe. Almost half of them, even the starling and sparrow, are endangered. There are fewer real wolves left in Europe. The DNA of 31 local wolves was studied in the Latvian Kemeri National Park. It turned out that at least 12 of them are wolf-dog hybrids. In an abandoned quarry in Montana (USA), where copper ore was mined, a lake with a water pH of 2,5 arose, in which only special fungi can live. From these fungi, a compound has been isolated that relieves migraine headaches and two antibiotics that stop the growth of cancer cells. Israel has developed a surgical method for the treatment of bad breath. The laser beam in 15 minutes burns out bacteria that produce a bad smelling gas, as well as tissues infected by them. How painful the operation is, the press has not yet reported. In India, there are over 7000 firms producing traditional medicines based on approximately 3000 species of indigenous medicinal plants. In India, they began to make vestments for surgeons from bamboo fiber. It contains a natural bactericidal substance that is not washed out even when washed. In India, they began to make vestments for surgeons from bamboo fiber. It contains a natural bactericidal substance that is not washed out even when washed. In Italy, an automatic apparatus for extinguishing fires in road and railway tunnels has been created. The machine in the form of a torpedo is suspended from a rail running along the ceiling of the tunnel, moves along this guide at a speed of up to 100 kilometers per hour, using infrared sensors, searches for a fire and directs a jet of water into it. In July 2004, near Leipzig (Germany), on the site of a now closed factory for briquetting brown coal, the world's largest solar power plant is to be put into operation. 33 solar modules have been installed here. The station's capacity will be 500 megawatts, enough to supply electricity to 5 households. A project for a similar installation is also being considered in the Zwickau region, at the site of open pits where uranium was mined for Soviet atomic bombs. In July, the world's fastest moving sidewalk opened at the Montparnasse-Bienvenue metro station in Paris. It carries passengers along a corridor 185 meters long at a speed of 11 kilometers per hour (the average speed of a bus on Parisian streets is only a kilometer more). Last July, a meteorite the size of a car exploded over New Zealand. The shock wave from the explosion was recorded by a network of seismographs. In June 2006, Americans celebrated the 50th anniversary of the start of a nationwide expressway system without crossings or traffic lights. Now they believe that it is this system that makes the country unified. At every moment, about 366 thousand people, that is, 0,0061% of the world's population, are in the air above our planet on civil aviation aircraft. In Canada, 80 percent of schools are connected to the Internet, in the US - 60, in the Netherlands - 40, in Germany - only 12 percent. In the Canadian province of Alberta, a tax on computers has been introduced - 45 Canadian dollars per car. The money will go towards the safe disposal of old computers. About 363 tons of lead (from the solder of electronic circuits and from the lead glass of monitors) enters the soil of Canada every year with decommissioned computers. About 750 underground fires rage in China, destroying about 200 million tons of coal a year. Deserts are increasing in China. Now they occupy a fifth of the country, and the sand dunes are already 150 kilometers from Beijing. In quantities of over 1000 tons per year, 2465 chemical compounds are now produced in the world. Of these, only 31 compounds have been verified in detail with regard to safety for humans and the environment. In columns of ice obtained from the glaciers of Greenland, DNA was found from 15 strains of viruses that cause plant diseases. The finds were made in layers from 500 to 140 years old. It is assumed that viruses are in the air, fall with rain and snow, and accumulate in glaciers. Whether viruses that are dangerous to humans are stored in the ice is not yet known. Meanwhile, in connection with global warming and the melting of ice, the issue may be relevant. Quite significant amounts of tetracycline have been found in the bones of Egyptian mummies and in skeletons of about the same age excavated in Nubia and Jordan. Apparently, the antibiotic got into the human body from beer, which was then prepared in far from sterile conditions and could contain mold substances. Tetracycline tends to accumulate in the bones and teeth with repeated intake. It is difficult to say now how much such an unconscious intake of an antibiotic affected health. 127 chemical compounds are now used in hair dyes. Of these, 22 turned out to be hazardous to health and will soon be banned for use in the EU countries. Proteins found in the blood of the Mississippi alligator are poisonous to many microbes, including those resistant to antibiotics. In the genetic engineering laboratory of the University of Karlsruhe (Germany), a potato variety has been bred that contains 130 times more carotene than ordinary potatoes, and can compete with carrots in this indicator. A real Jericho pipe was installed in the laboratory of the German company Daimler-Chrysler. A huge horn, through which 41 cubic meters of air per minute is blown under a pressure of 4 atmospheres, imitates the roar of a rocket at launch. This is necessary for testing satellites before launch - will something in thin equipment break under the influence of sound at a volume of 150 decibels? There are about 5000 welding points in a middle class passenger car. Approximately half of them could be replaced with adhesive joints, saving about 70 euros per vehicle. In potato leaves, a substance was found that strongly attracts Colorado beetles with its smell, and in an orange peel - a substance that repels them. The first is suggested to be used for traps, and the second can be sprayed on potato fields. A video camera for the study of the small intestine has been created at the Royal London Hospital. This easy-to-swallow device is about the size of an ordinary lollipop (length 30 mm, diameter 11 mm) and carries a television camera, a light bulb, and a radio transmitter that transmits the picture to a VCR attached to the patient's belt. In May 2004, after 10 countries join the European Union (Hungary, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, the Czech Republic and Estonia), the area of this interstate entity will increase from 3,248 to 3,989 million square kilometers, and the population - from 380,4 to 455 million. But gross domestic product per person will fall from $23 to $950 a year.
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