Distant relatives of cinema. Fun physical experience at home

ENTERTAINING EXPERIENCES AT HOME
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Distant relatives of cinema. Physical experiments

Entertaining experiments in physics

Entertaining experiences at home / Physics experiments for children

Here are some old experiments that you can easily do with the simplest means. You are probably already familiar with some of these experiments, they are described by many authors, because a lot of time has passed since these experiments were invented, and yet they should be given attention.

The first experience is based on visual memory: the eyes are capable of maintaining a visual image of an image that has already disappeared for about 0,1 fractions of a second. Even the picture here is the same one that was shown in those distant times. Draw a cage on one side and a bird on the other side on a small cardboard circle. Attach two strings to the mug. With the rapid rotation of the circle on the threads, it seems that the bird is sitting in a cage. This device was called "Thaumotrope". You can take the initiative and draw different funny pictures, which, combined, will also give one whole image.

Distant relatives of cinema

For the second experiment, we will make a more advanced device than the Thaumotrope. If the Thaumotrop has only two pictures, which, when rotated, are combined into one, then the new device that you will now get acquainted with has four pictures, they already give the impression of movement. This device was called "Praxinoscope".

Take two pieces of cardboard 10 centimeters long, 7 centimeters wide. Make in each of them, in the middle, a slot of 4 centimeters. Insert one cardboard into another to make a cross. From another piece of cardboard, cut a circle with a diameter of 7 centimeters and fix the cross on it. Strengthen it with paper corners smeared with glue. In the middle of the circle, make a hole with an awl and insert a bicycle knitting needle or a piece of even wire 1,5-2 mm thick into it. It is necessary that the spoke is pressed tightly against one of the corners of the cross. Secure it there with paper strips smeared with glue. The spoke must be firmly reinforced, and it must be able to rotate only with a cross.

On four paper strips 7 centimeters wide and 10 centimeters long, draw a little man in the middle with ink - a little man bouncing and waving his arms. All the positions of his arms and legs, differing from each other, seem to continue certain movements, convey individual moments of movement.

Attach the drawings to the four corners of the cross with paper clips and, holding the needle vertically, rotate it with your fingers. The drawn little man will jump and wave his arms. It is not necessary to rotate very quickly, you yourself will see at what speed of rotation the movement will be most clear.

Distant relatives of cinema

Think about what else you can draw. You can create different entertaining moving images and show them to your friends (this was done more than a hundred years ago).

One more model of this experience can be offered. Take the round cake box. Draw on the inside of the box figures of little men who consistently make some kind of movement. You can, of course, draw any picture that somehow changes. Make a narrow slit above each picture. Place the box on the turntable and turn it on to make the box spin. If you look at the drawn figures or at the pictures through the flashing slits, the images will move.

We will do the third experiment with a more advanced device - a stroboscope. It is also based not only on visual memory, but also on our ability to mentally combine individual moments of movement into one moving image.

Cut out a large disc with a diameter of 20-30 centimeters from cardboard. If it's not white, stick white paper on it. Cut, stepping back a little from the edge, at the same distance from each other eight slots 3 centimeters long, 1 centimeter wide. Under each gap, draw one drawing (for example, a little man doing gymnastics) exactly in a certain place from it and of the same size. Then take a large nail, put a small circle cut out of cardboard on it, then a large disk with a hole made in it, insert the nail into a handle cut out of wood. Stand in front of a large mirror and, holding the nail horizontally, turn the disk with the drawings towards the mirror. Bring the disk into a quick rotation with your hand and look through the slots in the mirror. You will see how the drawn little man is intensively engaged in gymnastics, and the faster the faster the disk rotates.

Distant relatives of cinema

Think about what else you can draw. Each movement must be conveyed by several drawings in different positions.

Animated films are created in almost the same way: artists make thousands of drawings, which are then photographed on film, and now the drawings come to life on the screen: they run, jump, laugh, cry - they do everything that the artists intended.

In conclusion, let's say how else you can "revive" the drawings. Sew a book out of small sheets of thin cardboard. On the opposite side of the stitched edge on each leaf, draw pictures with individual moments of movement. The drawings will come to life when you quickly release one leaflet from under your finger while holding the rest.

Distant relatives of cinema

As you can see, animated films appeared before cinematography was invented...

Author: Rabiza F.V.

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