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AT LEISURE
To help the erudite. Database on the history, geography, biology, science, technology, sport, culture, traditions of the peoples of the world. According to the materials of the press and the Internet.
In May 2005, the last stage of the metallurgical plant, transported from Germany to China, was put into operation. In total, 250 thousand tons of dismantled equipment were delivered, of which 40 tons of technical documentation. In March of this year, a giant iceberg was seen off the coast of Antarctica, breaking away from the ice cap of the continent. Its length was 295 kilometers, width - 37 kilometers. It soon split into four pieces and gradually began to melt, but this process will take several more years. In the subway of Montreal (Canada), lighting was installed that imitates the morning sun in the spectrum. It is believed that such a light will cheer up people who go to work early in the morning and are not yet fully awake. But there are fears that in the evening morning lighting will knock down the biological clock of passengers. There are 236 rivers in the world, flowing through the territory of not one, but two or more states. Of these, almost a third flows through three countries or more, and 19 rivers - through the territory of five or more countries. Over the past half century, 507 conflicts between countries have happened because of the water of common rivers, of which 21 were armed. In the world in 2000 one million electric bicycles are used. There are 475 consumer goods produced in the world that use nanoparticles. Of these, 75 are cosmetics and perfumes. One billion people in the world have access to the Internet, a quarter of them through a leased line or other method that provides fast information flows. Two billion incandescent light bulbs are sold worldwide every year. But their largest manufacturer, the Dutch company Philips, intends by 2020 to completely switch to the production of economical gas-discharge light bulbs screwed into a conventional cartridge. The world consumes 81 million barrels of oil daily (158 liters per barrel). There are 1200 species of poisonous fish known in the world, and only 450-500 species of poisonous snakes. 6379 breeds of farm animals are known in the world. Of these, about 1350 are endangered. So, in Brazil there were 30 local breeds of pigs, only 12 remained, and they are being intensively replaced by imported breeds. There are a billion people in the world who wear glasses, and two billion more need them. As of June 2007, there were 750 stereo cinemas in the world, 638 of them in the USA. As of June 2007, there were 750 stereo cinemas in the world, 638 of them in the USA. There are 20 cinemas in the world with high-quality Dolby sound equipment. There are 800 small and 000 large dams in the world. For their construction, 45 million people had to be resettled. There are approximately 7000 languages in the world. Of these, 2000 are used in Africa. There are now more than two thousand publishing houses in the world that produce scientific journals. Together they publish more than 1,2 million articles per year in 16 journals. About 45 million rock paintings of ancient man are now known in the world. They are found in 160 countries. About 45 million rock paintings of ancient man are now known in the world. They are found in 160 countries. There are now 26 countries in the world that issue their banknotes not on paper, but on polypropylene plastic. This is twice as expensive as printing paper money, but plastic money lasts four times longer. There are now about 11 ground weather stations in the world and another 7 sail on ships, recording the weather in the oceans. In the Kruger National Park (South Africa), 90% of lions are infected with tuberculosis. In the early 50s, according to experts, oil reserves remained for 20 years. By 1967, this figure had increased to 37 years. Today they talk about 43 years. In early August 2005, the number of comets discovered by the SOHO solar space observatory reached a thousand. The previous round number of 900 comets was reached in mid-January 2005. In our newspapers and on television, it was reported that on the slope of Mount Ararat, at a distance of about 20 kilometers from the top, the remains of the biblical ark of Noah were allegedly found. However, the Turkish geologist Salih Bayraktutan, who caused the sensation, recently admitted that he launched it in the hope of getting money from Israel or from the Christian churches of the world for serious geological research in this area. He himself knows very well that the ark is just a rock of a peculiar shape on the side of a mountain (see photo). In New Zealand, doctors have been monitoring families for 15 years who smoke. It turned out that after three years of living in the same apartment with a smoker, the mortality rate of non-smoking neighbors aged 15 to 45 increases by 74%. Three computer networks have been installed in the new Boeing-737s: one for controlling the liner, the second for passengers who want to use satellite Internet in flight, and the third for checking the condition of the aircraft from the ground. The world's first baby tooth bank is being created in Norway. Samples of fallen teeth were taken from one hundred thousand children in order to determine the composition and amount of contaminants deposited in the tooth enamel, received by the child from the environment. There are 12 taxis operating in New York City, making more than 187 million trips a year, and passengers spend about a billion dollars on these trips. Sugar has been discovered in clouds of interstellar gas at the center of our galaxy. A rather thick layer of quartz sand has been found in a lake on one of the Bermuda Islands, although the volcanic rocks that make up the islands are practically devoid of quartz. The islands have their own sand, but carbonate. Scientists have suggested that quartz sand is brought here annually from the beaches of North America by migratory waterfowl on their paws and in the stomach. Each carries, as surveys have shown, only from 23 to 89 grains of sand, but annually from 15 to 300 thousand birds fly here. In the petrified trunks of coniferous trees 168 million years old, found in Poland, molecules of substances that make up turpentine were found. These are the oldest organic molecules that have come down to us, developed by a living being. Last October, the US population reached 300 million. Every 7 seconds a newborn appears in the country, every 13 seconds someone dies, every minute two more people arrive in the United States than emigrate. In general, every minute the population grows by six people. In the Trauma Department of Papua New Guinea Central Hospital, 2,5% of patients are treated for the effects of a coconut falling on their head. Since the weight of a nut can reach two kilograms, and the height of a palm tree is 30 meters, some victims do not even go to the hospital. The oldest coins in the world have been found in Palestine. These are pieces of silver dated to 1200 BC. Silver has a stamp confirming the weight and value. Until now, the Greek and Lydian coins, which appeared 600 years later, were considered the most ancient. In Beijing, one in five children suffer from lead poisoning. The cause of the disease is white lead still used in the country. Children love to pick and suck on sweet-tasting paint flakes from walls and window frames. In the last 100 years, the world's sea level has risen by more than a millimeter per year, and only the level of the Mediterranean has fallen by 1960 millimeters annually since 1,3. This is associated with the appearance of dams on the rivers flowing into it. In industrialized countries, 12-15% of the adult population is exposed to hearing-threatening noise levels (85 decibels or more). In industrialized countries, nearly one third of the deaths among men aged 15 to 29 are attributable to alcohol consumption. Last year, a new firm was registered every 16 seconds in the US. True, 80 percent of newcomers will not last five years on the market. Last year, the number of mobile phones in Germany (48 million) exceeded the number of landlines for the first time. In the Atacama Desert (Chile), the construction of the largest radio telescope in the world has begun. On an area of 13 hectares, there will be 500 mobile antennas with a diameter of 64 meters, working together. At the height of summer in Tokyo, a one degree Celsius rise in temperature increases electricity consumption by 1,7 million kilowatts, mainly due to increased air conditioning. As a result of global warming, Western Europe may get colder. Warming occurs mainly in middle and high latitudes, as a result, the temperature difference between the poles and the equator is leveled, and because of this, the Gulf Stream, which heats Europe, may stop. If this current were to stop today, winter temperatures in Europe could drop by 10 degrees Celsius in the next 11 years. Traces of penicillin, tetracycline, and vancomycin have been found in the Ohio River and two of its tributaries. Antibiotics get into the rivers from sewers, and there - from livestock farms and from hospitals where cows and people are stuffed with these drugs. A weak solution of antibiotics also flows from the water faucets in the cities of this region of the United States, since sewage treatment plants, unless they use activated carbon filtration, cannot retain these medicines. The oldest salt works in the world have been found in Romania. Approximately 7-8 thousand years ago, people burned bonfires and poured salt water over smoldering coals, and then collected salt crystals from the coals. The age of the saltworks was determined from the carbon isotope of these coals. In Romania, the remains of a pterosaur with a wingspan of 12 meters and a skull length of 3 meters were found. The bones of the lizard were porous, like foam, and this allowed such a colossus to fly. Airplanes don't blow. This conclusion was reached by American doctors who examined the health of 1100 passengers after the flight. There were no more colds among them than among those who traveled by other modes of transport. In extreme heat, as shown by the experiments of German physiologists, a man loses about 250 grams of sweat per hour, and a woman - 180 grams. In the constellation of Cancer, a double star was found, consisting of two white dwarfs separated by a distance of less than 100 thousand kilometers (three times closer than from the Earth to the Moon). They revolve around each other every 5,3 minutes. This is a speed record for a star waltz. The previous record was 9,5 minutes. The coldest star in the universe has been discovered in the constellation Eridani, 19 light years from Earth. It is a brown dwarf with a surface temperature of just 410 degrees Celsius. Its light is weaker than the light of the Sun by 500 thousand times. An ice ball about a hundred kilometers in diameter has been spotted in the solar system. It completes one revolution around the Sun in 1200 years, moving away from the central star by a maximum of 30 billion kilometers. In the list of the number of adherents of world religions, non-believers occupy the third place. Christians come first with 2,1 billion, followed by Muslims with 1,3 billion, and atheists and agnostics with 1,1 billion. Hindus lag behind them - 900 million believers. The list of drugs banned as doping by the International Olympic Committee includes about 2000 compounds. 30% of them are steroid hormones. There are 1020 water molecules in an average raindrop. There are about 1018 water molecules in an average snowflake. On average, once a week, a fragment of a satellite or the rocket that launched it falls to Earth. There have been no deaths so far. The average modern car has more than a hundred electric motors. The average modern car has more than a hundred electric motors. In the Australian capital Canberra, there are about 600 car collisions with kangaroos every year. Most of these incidents happen on moonless nights. More than 500 laser surgeries are performed annually in the United States to correct myopia. In the United States, the last two plants for the production of instant film cassettes for the Polaroid camera have closed. The company moves to the production of digital cameras and flat-panel TVs. In the US and Italy, men's socks with Teflon have been launched. Teflon threads are woven into those parts of the sock where the foot can be rubbed by shoes. Since Teflon is one of the most slippery materials, friction almost disappears and neither blisters nor calluses form. In the USA, a method has been developed for making a filament of an incandescent light bulb from crystalline tungsten of a special structure, which converts infrared light into shorter-wavelength visible light. As a result, the efficiency of the light bulb increases from 5 to 60 percent. In the USA, solar panels have been developed in the form of the thinnest flexible film. You can cover threads with it, and then use this electric yarn to make a fabric that generates electricity when illuminated. True, the efficiency of new solar panels is still only two percent (conventional solar panels now reach 35 percent efficiency), but the inventors say that this is just the beginning. They hope that in a few years, a cell phone, walkman and other handheld electronics will be able to be powered by the wearer's suit.
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