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AT LEISURE
To help the erudite. Database on the history, geography, biology, science, technology, sport, culture, traditions of the peoples of the world. According to the materials of the press and the Internet.
In the US, the possibility of allowing conversations on a mobile phone while flying on an airplane is being considered. It is now believed that phone radio waves can affect the sensitive electronics of an airliner. Radio astronomers are protesting against the proposed permit, claiming that one cell phone, raised to a height of 12 kilometers, will clog all radio telescopes within a radius of more than 160 kilometers from the aircraft with its signals. In the United States, it was decided to demolish the Hanford nuclear weapons plant, built about 60 years ago as part of the Manhattan Project. Over the years, the plant's nine reactors have produced 67 tons of weapons-grade plutonium and 190 million liters of liquid radioactive waste, now stored in 177 gradually rusting underground tanks. By 2035, the demolition should be completed and the waste moved to a more secure storage facility under construction in the mountains of Nevada. The human body weighing 70 kilograms contains 150-180 grams of salt. For 40 million years, plants had no leaves. Leaves appeared only after the carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere dropped in the Paleozoic. The University of Bochum (Germany) has developed a program that allows a computer to plan the greening of cities. To do this, data on the position, number of storeys and shape of houses, as well as the climate of the area are entered into the machine, after which the program issues recommendations - which bushes and trees to plant where, where to arrange lawns and what grass to use for them. With the help of a new program, the authorities of the Australian city of Port Philip were able to reduce the temperature on the streets in the summer heat by 1,4 degrees Celsius. The University of Detroit (USA) created an antibiotic that decomposes under the influence of sunlight. Thus, its accumulation in the environment is prevented. At the University of the Japanese city of Nagano, a method has been developed for spinning threads from the chitinous shells of crabs, shrimps and crayfish (these wastes accumulate in large quantities in the Japanese food industry). Shiny, smooth threads are similar to silk, they are stronger than cotton. The Japanese intend to start producing chitinous fabrics. At the mouth of the Seine, an artificial island was built to rest migratory birds, forced out of their favorite place by the construction of a new container port in Le Havre. The island with an area of up to six hectares (depending on the level of the tide) took 667 thousand tons of stones and sand. At the mouth of the Elbe, in the German port of Brunsbuttel, the largest wind turbine in the world was put into operation. The power of the electric generator is 5 megawatts, which provides energy for 4500 apartments and cottages. The rotor with a diameter of 126 meters is mounted on a tower 120 meters high, it makes from 7 to 12 revolutions per minute, depending on the wind speed. At the Finnish Institute for Radiation Safety, a human cell culture was exposed to cell phone radio waves for 48 hours, monitoring the activity of about 4500 genes in the cells. Two dozen genes speeded up or slowed down their work to control protein synthesis. Ethylene glycol has been found in the tail of Comet Hale-Bopp. It is the most complex organic molecule found in the atmosphere of comets so far. A cup of coffee contains about a thousand natural compounds. Of these, only three percent have been tested for carcinogenicity. In four French cities - Grenoble, Paris, Rouen and Strasbourg - several dozen adults and children agreed to live for two days with a device like a vacuum cleaner on their backs. This is how ecologists conduct a study of pollutants that citizens are forced to breathe on the street, at work and at home. There are currently 12 wind power generators operating in the Czech Republic with a total capacity of 7 megawatts, and the natural conditions of the country make it possible to build at least a thousand of them. When joining the European Union, the Czech Republic pledged to increase the share of renewable energy sources from the current 2010% to 2% by 6. In Shanghai (China), it was decided to slow down the construction of new skyscrapers. The fact is that due to the increased pumping of groundwater, the soil in the city began to settle by 1,5-2 centimeters per year. There are now about 3000 buildings in Shanghai with a height of 19 floors or more. In six European countries, the number of cell phones now exceeds the number of conventional wired phones: in Finland, Italy, Spain, Germany, England and France. France joined this group last, last autumn. A group of genes has been found in the sixth human chromosome, a rare mutation of which increases the risk of lung cancer by 14 times even with very moderate smoking. Geneticists hope to develop a special test that will allow people with such a mutation to be warned in advance that they should not even try smoking. This year, 600 French people filed their tax returns online, a significant increase from just 2002 in 117, but still a small fraction of the country's 33 million taxpayers. The most progressive country in this regard is Norway, where since 2003 the tax return can be sent via mobile phone as a short text message. True, there is a different system here: the tax office monitors each citizen and fills in and sends you a declaration. You only have to answer whether you agree with the calculations or not. The first cow with rabies has been discovered in Japan. It is believed that the virus entered the country with meat and bone meal imported from Britain from 1990 to 1996. The Hungarian mathematician Albert-Laszlo Barabasi measured the Internet. To get to almost any of its 800 million pages, no more than 19 computer mouse clicks are enough. This number characterizes the size of the global network. Venezuelan astronomers have found 168 new stars in the constellation Orion with a mass of 0,6-0,9 times the mass of the Sun. Returning to school on January 8 after the winter break, every French student received a free lifetime email address. There are 2001 million schoolchildren in France in 12, and for every hundred students there are an average of three computers in school. True, many people have a computer at home. This spring, the number of mobile phones in the world exceeded one billion. If we take into account ordinary phones, on average, every third inhabitant of the Earth has his own telephone number. This spring, the number of personal computers sold in the world, since the mid-70s, when these devices appeared on the market, has reached a billion. A quarter of them were bought for the home, three quarters - for institutions. Wind energy in the world has been growing annually by 30% for several years. There was a shortage of production capacity for the creation of wind turbines, so that the world's leading companies in this field are taking pre-orders for a year and a half in advance. To weigh a molecule, a virus or another object that weighs only a billionth of a thousandth of a milligram, the scales created at the California Institute of Technology (USA) allow. Moreover, weighing is carried out under normal conditions, and not in a vacuum at ultra-low temperatures, as in other ultra-sensitive scales. An adult panda eats about 40 kilograms of bamboo shoots per day. Since they are not very nutritious, only one fifth of the absorbed mass is absorbed. In order not to die of hunger, the panda has to eat 16 hours a day. An adult person loses an average of 85 brain cells every day, and only 50 cells regenerate in him in the same time. Taiwanese authorities intend to ban the installation of cell phone base stations near schools, kindergartens, playgrounds and other places where children spend a lot of time. Although the harm of these radio waves has not been unambiguously proven, it is better to keep children safe. To the attention of the Moscow authorities: according to American statistics, in cities where casinos are allowed, the frequency of suicides is increased. During World War II, in the South Pacific, near Polynesia, Micronesia and Melanesia, more than 1000 ships, mostly Japanese and American, sank. Of these, the remains of fuel and toxic chemicals are still leaking into the ocean. Cleaning up the area will require an international effort and cost tens of millions of dollars. During the First World War, chemical weapons research was carried out on the campus of the University of Washington in the US capital, and since then the remains of mustard gas, lewisite, mustard gas, arsenic compounds and cyanides have been buried here. The place was nicknamed the Valley of Death, but later built up with luxurious residential buildings and renamed the Spring Valley. Poisons are still buried under mansions. While watching a good comedy movie, blood circulation is increased by 50%. During the supersonic flight of the Concorde airliner, its fuselage heats up to 95 degrees Celsius and lengthens by 12,5 centimeters. About fifty vaccines against various types of cancer are now being tested around the world. Two or three have reached clinical trials, and the first of them will already begin to be used in ordinary hospitals in three or four years. In the second quarter of this year, sales of personal computers in the world fell by 2000% compared to the same period in 1,9, and even by 6% in the US. This is the first time that demand for computers has declined in 15 years. However, in Russia, growth continues, although no one has exact data: figures are from 15 to 36%. Intonation plays a huge role in many Southeast Asian languages. The same word, pronounced with different intonation, can have completely different meanings. So, in the Burmese language, the word ma, repeated five times with different intonation, adds up to the phrase: Help the horse, a mad dog is running! But ordinary hearing aids do not allow you to hear the subtleties of intonation. Therefore, China has now developed a hearing aid with a microprocessor that highlights the features of intonation. While it is too big - the size of an outdated model of the player. In France, an apartment or house is robbed every five minutes. In 80% of cases, thieves enter the home through the door. Polls show that 24% of French people have had their homes broken into at least once. However, only 78% of those robbed changed the locks. In France, the production of washing powder with a particularly active enzyme has begun, which allows washing dirt at a water temperature of 20 degrees Celsius. In France, the number of applicants who dream of studying exact and natural sciences is falling. Since 1995, enrollment in physics departments has fallen by 46 percent, and biology students by 27 percent. But the number of future engineers increased by 53 percent. In France, the first experiments were carried out to partially replace kerosene for an aircraft jet engine with biofuel produced from vegetable oil. In France, there are 21 collection points for used batteries for recycling into raw materials. In 2006, they collected 5100 tons, 20% more than in 2005. In France, there are 21 collection points for used batteries to recycle them into raw materials. In 2006, 5100 tons of batteries were assembled, 20% more than in 2005. In France, since 1999, it has been illegal to throw away used batteries with other rubbish. Nevertheless, out of 230 thousand tons of batteries and accumulators consumed per year, only 31% is recycled (up to 60% in the Scandinavian countries), and of those that can still be collected, 45% of zinc, lead, cadmium, manganese and mercury are not recovered. . France now has 2810 kilometers of paths for walking and cycling along motorways, and by 2006 this network will grow to 8000 kilometers. In 2010, it will be possible to walk or cycle along a special path from Moscow to Paris via Kyiv, Warsaw, Berlin and Brussels. In the French city of Metz and its environs, a system is being tested to alert passengers waiting for a bus about the time of its arrival at a stop through a pocket device such as a pager. The system monitors the location of all buses and informs the subscriber of the time of arrival at a specific stop of the five nearest cars. Water delivered to the International Space Station costs $3000 per glass. Perhaps, by the end of this century, Pangea will practically revive - a single continent that once existed on Earth and subsequently split into separate continents due to tectonic processes. This can happen through the efforts of bridge engineers. Bridge projects already exist to connect Alaska with Russia, Spain with Morocco, India with Sri Lanka. Only Australia, New Zealand, Indonesia, Greenland and smaller islands will remain on the outskirts. Perhaps rats will soon be spared the sad fate of serving as laboratory animals for experiments. In any case, they are not suitable for testing the safety of newly synthesized drugs and other chemicals: the deciphered rat genome turned out to contain much more genes that serve to neutralize poisons than in humans. In addition, the rat genome is much more diverse and evolving faster than the human one. For the first time in human history, the number of overweight people outnumbered the undernourished. According to the World Health Organization, there are now one billion overweight people in the world, of which 300 million are diagnosed with obesity, while about 800 million are hungry. For the first time in the United States allowed to ride scooters. Conventional scooters with their two-stroke engine pollute the air too much. Now, the Italian Vespa X9 scooter with a four-stroke engine specially modified to further reduce the harmfulness of exhaust is allowed to be imported into America.
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