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AT LEISURE
To help the erudite. Database on the history, geography, biology, science, technology, sport, culture, traditions of the peoples of the world. According to the materials of the press and the Internet.
For the first time in 120 years, Kilimanjaro's snow cap has increased again. In October - December 2006, there were heavy snowfalls there, and the thickness of the glaciers increased by half a meter. For the first time in a hundred years, a salmon was caught in the Seine. For the first time, rings have been discovered around the planet's satellite. The Cassini space probe, launched to Saturn 10 years ago, photographed near Rhea, a moon of Saturn, a ring of rock and ice fragments ranging in size from gravel to cobblestones. All movement of information over the Internet is regulated by 13 computers under the control of the US authorities. The entire variety of manufactured drugs is designed for a total of 483 targets in the human body - for various organs, tissues, cells, their parts and individual molecules. The World Health Organization released a new growth chart for children from birth to age five in April 2006. It is based on growth measurements and developmental assessments of 8440 healthy and well-nourished children in six countries. The new growth chart is more suitable for different countries than the old one, based only on data from the 70s of the twentieth century on children in one of the US states. The World Health Organization has published data on causes of death in the world for the year 2000. If we ignore diseases, road accidents are in first place, killing 1,26 million people. This is four times more than from military operations. The World Health Organization believes that every tenth package on the shelves of pharmacies in the world contains a fake instead of a medicine, which at best has no effect on the body. The WWF gave the Athens Olympics a low environmental score of just 0,77 (on a scale of 0 to 4). At the same time, the features of garbage collection and recycling, water consumption, the use of renewable energy sources and the environmental friendliness of public transport, as well as the protection of natural biotopes during the construction of facilities for games and during competitions, were taken into account. An orange variety of cauliflower has been bred. It contains carotene, as in carrots. An orange variety of cauliflower has been bred. It contains carotene, as in carrots. Bicycle production in the United States fell from 8,5 million in 1995 to 1,1 million in 2001. Local firms cannot compete with cheap and high-quality Chinese products. U.S.-grown rice contains 1,4-5 times more arsenic than imported rice, even from Bangladesh, where groundwater is rich in this element. The fact is that rice fields are located in Arkansas and Mississippi on the site of cotton plantations, which were once treated with arsenic-based insecticides. Galileo Galilei did not put a date on the sheet with the first formulation of the laws of free fall, so until now historians of science have carefully indicated that the scientist derived these patterns in 1590-1632. Now an analysis of the metal content of the ink of the text, carried out at the Institute of Nuclear Physics in Florence, has shown that Galileo used the same ink in the records of his expenses dating back to 1604. The geneticists who deciphered the Drosophila genome also unwittingly deciphered the genomes of three previously unknown species of bacteria that lived inside the flies taken for analysis. Genetically engineered plants are cultivated by almost seven million peasants and farmers in 18 countries of the world. Germany is in talks with 12 countries that want to buy the Maut system to collect money automatically for toll roads. Apparently, Hungary and Slovakia will be the first to acquire such a system. The German Bundestag passed a law according to which all 20 nuclear power plants in the country will be closed in the next 19 years. Giant sea turtles live in 90 districts in 43 countries. According to the World Wildlife Fund, 175 tourists come to these places every year to see the turtles, which brings the countries concerned three times more income than the profit from the sale of meat, eggs and shells of turtles. The eye of an ichthyosaur had a diameter of up to 22 centimeters. This is the largest eyeball among all vertebrates, although the ichthyosaur itself was far from the largest animal. This pangolin, outwardly resembling a tuna or a dolphin up to 15 meters long, dived in search of food to depths of up to 600 meters, and he needed huge eyes in order to see in the dusk of the sea depths. The human eye normally releases 2-3 microliters of tears per minute to keep the cornea moist and clear. But when crying, the production of tears increases a thousand times. Global warming is not that global. While average temperatures on Earth rose by 1958 degrees Celsius from 2001 to 0,53, they fell by 1,29 degrees Celsius in southern Greenland. The Dutch firm Phillips has started adding a remote control to its televisions that will give a voice if it is lost. If you put this device somewhere, it gets lost among household things, just go to the TV and manually turn it on. The remote control, if it is, of course, within the apartment, will squeak loudly. It is curious that only televisions that are exported to the United States are supplied with the novelty: the company believes that Europeans are much more accurate and keep their remotes in sight. The Dutch firm Phillips has started adding a remote control to its televisions that will give a voice if it is lost. If you put this device somewhere, it gets lost among household things, just go to the TV and manually turn it on. The remote control, if it is, of course, within the apartment, will squeak loudly. It is curious that only televisions that are exported to the United States are supplied with the novelty: the company believes that Europeans are much more accurate and keep their remotes in sight. Dutch cheese makers have created a computer program that mimics the molecular processes that take place during the production of cheese. Now they can experiment with cheese, change the recipe, temperature, ripening time, without fear that the result will have to be thrown into the trash. Since 1986, the Dutch Institute for Risk Research has monitored the health of 4500 people who live within 50-100 meters of major roads. It turned out that roadside residents are almost twice as likely to suffer from heart and lung diseases. This is attributed to air pollution from automobile exhausts. Dutch psychiatrist Alfred Lange developed a method of psychotherapy through the Internet. According to him, it is easier for many patients to communicate with a doctor in absentia, through a computer, it is easier to establish contact and achieve frankness in a conversation. 300 people with post-traumatic syndrome have already been treated via the Internet. The author of the method estimates its effectiveness two to three times higher than conventional psychotherapy. The Dutch consume an average of 172 liters of drinking water per person per day, the Germans - 126 liters, the Belgians - 119, the Americans - 382 liters. The world record is water consumption in the desert emirate of Dubai: 500 liters per day. But the official consumption of tap water in Moscow is the same (however, after installing the meter, it turns out that it is three times less). Hong Kong airline Kasei Pacific, whose flight Hong Kong - New York passes through the North Pole, has limited its staff to two flights a week on this line. The fact is that the lines of the Earth's magnetic field converge towards the pole, leaving a hole for the penetration of radiation from space, and the crew of an aircraft flying at an altitude of 8 kilometers receives a rather large dose of radiation. The mountain gorillas of Uganda get more than 95% of their sodium by eating fallen, rotten trees in the forest. The city of Houston in Texas is considered the most thunderous city in the United States: during the summer thunderstorm season, from June to August, there is an average of 1700 lightning strikes per month. Meteorologists attribute this phenomenon to severe air pollution. Greenland loses a cubic kilometer of ice in 40 hours. This is due to icebergs breaking away from the edges of the ice sheet. The process is now twice as fast as it was in the past decade. A loud explosion woke up residents of the Northern Irish town of Belleek at five o'clock in the morning on December 13 last year. A local butter churner was damaged. The police took up the investigation, hoping to find a group of terrorists. However, it turned out that the culprit of the explosion was a meteorite with a diameter of about 20 centimeters, which fell into the churn and left a crater 120 centimeters wide. A group of American physicists led by Lyn Vestergaard Hae continues experiments on the slowing down of light. Now she has achieved a decrease in the speed of light to one and a half kilometers per hour. A group of researchers from five American scientific institutions, using mass spectrometry, studied the composition of 1166 proteins contained in human saliva and found that more than a third of these proteins are also found in the blood, including proteins that speak of a particular disease. So in many cases, a blood test can be replaced by a saliva test. A group of Italian doctors led by Professor Antonio Pietroyusti found that Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium that causes stomach ulcers, is often found in the blood of stroke patients. Apparently, some strains of bacteria are able to penetrate into the bloodstream and cause inflammation of the walls of blood vessels, causing them to narrow. A group of Russian, German and Australian inventors proposes to make bricks not in the form of a parallelepiped, but in the form of a tetrahedron. A building made of such bricks or concrete blocks will be much more resistant in the event of an earthquake. And during its construction, bricks do not need to be fastened with lime mortar. A group of scientists from 16 countries, including leading potato producing countries (China, India, Russia and Poland), began decoding the genome of this important food crop. Potatoes have 12 chromosomes, and they hope to complete their reading by 2010. So far, only the genomes of rice and tomatoes are known among important food plants. The pressure in the nose when blowing your nose reaches an average of 8800 pascals. Denmark was the first (and so far the only) country in the world to ban the use of so-called trans fats in food in 2003. Since then, Danish deaths from heart disease have fallen by 20%. Danish doctors, having studied occupational diseases of computer workers, came to the conclusion that prolonged manipulation of a computer mouse is harmful to the muscles and ligaments of the hand. After examining almost 7000 computer workers from 11 Danish companies over a year and a half, doctors compared those who often and rarely use a mouse. It turned out that those who work with the mouse more than 30 hours a week, 8 times more likely to have pain in the right hand, 3 times more likely to have pain in the right shoulder and 2 times more often in the neck on the right side. Particularly risky professions are computer artists, designers and constructors. The Danish Parliament is considering banning all pesticides in the country. Since last summer, 150 crop protection chemicals have already been banned in Denmark. Two English botanists recorded the flowering time of 385 native plant species. It turned out that in comparison with 1962, all plants began to bloom 4,5 - 15 days earlier. This is associated with global warming. Two genes of this cancer cell (see photo) belong to the American company Miriad Genetics. The company's specialists found two genes, the mutation of which causes malignant degeneration of a cell, and immediately patented their discovery. So cancer diagnostics based on the detection of patented genes can only be carried out by obtaining permission from the company and paying for it. Two images clearly show the progress of extraterrestrial infrared astronomy over 23 years. The same galaxy IC 4954, located 6000 light years from Earth, was photographed in the infrared spectrum by the American IRAS satellite (1983) and the Japanese Akari space telescope (2006). Two economists from Harvard University (USA) claim to have found a formula that allows, based on the gross national product of the country, its population, the latitudes occupied on the map and the local climate, as well as the political regime in it, to calculate how many medals the team of this countries will receive at the Olympic Games. The calculation results are not very convincing. So, according to the theory, at the Salt Lake City Olympics, Germany should have received 31 medals, 11 of them gold. Everything turned out just like that, only there were 12 gold medals. But the equation predicted 21 medals for Russia, of which 10 were gold. And it turned out - 16, gold - 6. Perhaps there were factors that were not taken into account in the equation? A 40-year-old Norwegian woman, skiing last winter, fell into a river and lay in icy water for 13,7 minutes. When she was removed, her heart was not beating, there was no breathing, and her body temperature was 28 degrees Celsius. However, she was revived, and doctors do not see any consequences of a cold death. Usually, a drop in body temperature below 14,4 degrees is considered fatal, and a record cooling, after which it has still been possible to revive a person, is XNUMX degrees. Two-thirds of the world's hobbyist marine aquarists live in the US. A two-year study of Internet use in Britain showed that there is some decline in interest in the World Wide Web in the country, especially among young people. An estimated two million English people have recently stopped using the Internet regularly. They are scared away by the huge amount of information accumulated in it and the need to spend a lot of time searching for and sorting it. The authors of the study believe that the general interest in the Internet may turn out to be just a fashion, and any fashion passes with time. A wine-based disinfectant for cleaning bathroom fixtures, kitchen counters, and cutting boards is patented in the United States. It turns out that wine, especially white wine, effectively kills E. coli, salmonella and other microorganisms. The invention is of interest to wineries, where there are surpluses of the product or production defects.
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