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AT LEISURE
To help the erudite. Database on the history, geography, biology, science, technology, sport, culture, traditions of the peoples of the world. According to the materials of the press and the Internet.
Oats are a very ancient crop. It is believed that they began to cultivate it in the 2nd millennium BC. somewhere in Europe. The first information about the cultivation of oats in Russia presumably dates back to the 7th century AD. Currently, oats are not found anywhere in the wild. Yale researchers found that oatmeal combined with vitamin E significantly reduces the harmful effects of fatty foods on blood vessels. Chemists have proven that heavy metal ions are best extracted from solutions of oatmeal, and then corn, buckwheat, rice, millet and barley. To dream that someone is eating oatmeal means that soon fate will send you wealth and all kinds of pleasures. If a young woman dreams that she is preparing oatmeal for the table, this is a sign that she will control the fate of others. Zodiac - all-Ukrainian weekly - People of Destiny Stars Buntings (Emberiza), a genus of birds of the bunting family of the passerine order. Body length 12,5-20 cm. There is a small gap in the middle of the beak between the upper and lower jaws. The tail is relatively long, the outer feathers are often white-tipped. The coloration is dominated by brownish, brownish, sometimes yellow tones. 39 types. Distributed in Europe, Asia and Africa; in the USSR - 27 species: common, white-capped, reed, garden, black-headed O., millet, Dubrovnik, etc. Inhabit all zones from shrub tundra to deserts, in the mountains to altitudes of about 3600 m. Some species are sedentary, others fly off for the winter or descend from the mountains into the valleys. Nests are open, on the ground or low bushes; in laying 3-6 eggs. They feed on seeds, insects in the summer, which they also feed chicks. Great Soviet Encyclopedia Buntings are one of the most difficult birds to get used to in captivity. But, despite all these difficulties of domestication, the singing of buntings is highly appreciated by lovers of songbirds. Among the oatmeal, only the common oatmeal is the teacher of canaries, it is for her that lovers of bird singing hunt for her surprisingly gentle-sounding song. Beethoven chose the melody of oatmeal as the theme for his Fifth Symphony. Oatmeal, fish of the carp family; same as top. Length 6-9 cm. Distributed in Central Europe and the European part of the USSR. Inhabits water bodies of the most diverse type (rivers, lakes, ponds, etc.). Spawning is portioned in May - July; caviar sticks to aquatic vegetation. V. feeds mainly on zooplankton and aerial insects. It has no commercial value. Great Soviet Encyclopedia Ovsyanka, an urban-type settlement in the Krasnoyarsk Territory of the RSFSR, is subordinate to the Divnogorsk City Council. Located on the river Yenisei, 14 km from Divnogorsk. Woodworking plant. Great Soviet Encyclopedia The political successes of Queen Anne could not brighten up her failures in her personal life. At the age of six, she lost her mother, and was forced to live with her stepmother, who was only nine years older than her. At the age of 18, Anna was married to Prince Georg Oldenburg of Denmark. She stubbornly tried to give the throne an heir, for 25 years of marriage she gave birth 18 times. But all her children died almost immediately after birth, the strongest could live up to 11 years. The bad heredity of her father, James II, who was teased behind the eyes as a dwarf king, had an effect. An unhappy motherhood undermined Anna's health, so that by the age of thirty-seven she developed gout, and she had to be carried to the coronation ceremony in a special chair. The tragedy of the English queen did not prevent the tactless French comedian Eugene Scribe from portraying her in the vaudeville Glass of Water as a hunter for other people's lovers. Queen Anne died of illness in 1712, only four years outliving her husband. She was the first queen of Great Britain and the last of the old Stuart dynasty. The English black tea culture flourished during the reign of Queen Victoria from 1837 to 1901. The young queen in 1840 ordered the establishment of the Assam Tea Company in the highland province of Assam in the north of the Indian colony of Great Britain. By that time, the officers of the Royal Guard, the Bruce brothers, had achieved amazing success in cultivating a new tea obtained by crossing Chinese seedlings and wild tea trees from the Himalayan foothills. The new tea, called Assam, was distinguished by a special tart taste and aroma. What is the difference between Indian and Ceylon varieties of English tea Ahmad Today, no one remembers who and when first put a slice of lemon into tea, but since then tea and citrus fruits have been inseparable. The magical combination of mild taste and refreshing aroma is loved by both Russians and the British. Why is tea with lemon called Russian tea in England? The fact is that the British prefer tea with the aroma of another fruit - Citrus bergamia, or bergamot, which grows in Italy and tropical Asia. It is valued for its bright aroma, which immediately resembles orange, lemon and kiwi. The citrus fruit of bergamot should not be confused with plant species far from it - bay garmod pear and bergamot mint - only citrus is good in tea. But the word mandarin may not mean a citrus fruit at all, but the title of a Chinese imperial adviser, from whom, according to legend, British Prime Minister Earl Charles Grey, as a result of subtle political intrigue, found out a recipe for tea with bergamot. Mongolia occupies one of the first places in the world in terms of consumption of alcoholic beverages per capita. According to the General Customs Administration of Mongolia, 5,9 million liters of alcohol, 19 million liters of vodka, 165 liters of wine, and 7,3 million liters of beer are imported into the country every year. Korrespondent.net Aviary (French voliere, from voler - to fly), a room consisting of a walking yard and a shelter (cage, house, shed) connected to it, intended for keeping dogs, monkeys, birds, rabbits, fur animals, wild animals. The walking yard is usually fenced with a net; V. for birds is tightened with a net and from above. V. is used mainly in zoos, at exhibitions, and in nurseries. In rabbit breeding and fur farming, V. is called a fenced paddock (cage) adjacent to the house. Great Soviet Encyclopedia The components of tobacco relax the sphincters (circular muscles) of the intestine, and the body gets used to such support. Therefore, people who quit smoking often suffer from constipation at first. The latest data on sleep duration suggests that young children sleep longer, older people sleep less than young people, and women sleep longer than men. The mood and character of a person are of great importance here: vain and ambitious people consider sleep a waste of time, cowardly people like to sleep longer. In addition, the duration of sleep depends on the area: in the mountains, people sleep about 60 minutes longer than at the sea. And also there is a noticeable trend - people in power neglect sleep. According to the book by O.A. Andreeva I control my sleep As a result of experiments, Japanese psychologists obtained the following statistics: when working with a computer keyboard, the smell of lavender reduces the number of errors by - 20%, jasmine - by 33, lemon - by 54%. In addition, it was found that the smells of lavender and rosemary have a calming effect and eliminate stress conditions, lemon and eucalyptus - tone up the body and increase labor productivity, the smell of the sea will reduce the feeling of anxiety, anxiety. According to the book by O.A. Andreeva I control my sleep Neurons in the human brain are intensively born, and only born, as long as the embryo is in the mother's womb, and even then this only lasts for a few months. The death of neurons means the beginning of the learning process. What has been said means that a human being, just like a human being, does not and should not have a memory of the first minutes of an embryo's life. This memory begins to form only with the onset of neuronal death. From the book of S.P. Rastorguev Infection as a way to protect life Notes, music., signs for the image of musical tones. Musical writing appeared in antiquity, had the form of linear hooks, abbreviated letters, nevm (see). Then in the IX-X centuries. N. began to be crossed out first with one, then with two or more rulers. Square neumes first turned into rhombic ones, and then adopted in the 1755th century. oval shape N. Gukbald and Guido Arezzo are credited with the initial works in the development of musical notation. N. printing was invented at the end of the XNUMXth century. at Reiserom in Würzburg, by Scott and Petruccio in Venice, consisted of embossing with engraved wood and copper boards. Now N. are printed by lithographic method. The method of printing N. using a printing set was invented by Breitkopf in XNUMX. Brockhaus and Efron Small Encyclopedic Dictionary Nevmes, the oldest signs of musical writing (VIII-XI centuries), with which Gregorian was written. antiphonary. From the 1th century They begin to put N. on rulers (2st, XNUMXnd different colors) to accurately indicate the pitch; with the establishment of five lines. systems (Guido Arezzo) N. began to turn into square and nail-shaped musical signs. Small Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron In the VIII-IX centuries, on the basis of the Gregorian chant, a system of church modes of the Middle Ages was formed. This system is associated with a monophonic musical warehouse, with monody and represents eight diatonic scales (Dorian, Hypodorian, Phrygian, Hypophrygian, Lydian, Hypolydian, Mixolydian, Hypomixolydian), which were perceived by medieval theorists and practitioners as having a certain amount of expressive possibilities (first mode - dexterous, the second is serious, the third is swift, etc.). In the same period, notation begins to form, at first represented by the so-called neumes - icons that clearly showed the movement of the melody up or down. Musical signs subsequently developed from neumes. The reform of musical notation was carried out in the second quarter of the XNUMXth century by the Italian musician Guido from Arezzi. It was he who invented the musical staff (the lines on which the musical signs are placed), giving the neumes an exact pitch value. Gromko.ru: : Early Middle Ages Until now, it was believed that the first system of musical notation, which included seven notes, was developed by Pythagoras in the sixth century BC. However, according to Italian researchers, they managed to prove that a similar system existed on the banks of the Nile already in the middle of the fourth millennium BC! To record notes, Vlora and Kaldaralo believe, hieroglyphs denoting heavenly bodies were used. Among them are the sun, moon and stars: Sirius, dedicated to the goddess Isis, and Venus, who in the mythology of the ancient Egyptians served as the personification of the deity of time. Journal ECHO of the Planet 35/ 2001. Notes were not invented by Pythagoras at all, but by the ancient Egyptians TRUE SPEECH - the text of lineless music manuscripts, preserved from the most ancient period of the existence of the Russian Orthodox Church; represents true, correct speech in manuscripts until the XNUMXth century, that is, the text was written in the same way as it was pronounced. In this traditional pronunciation, the semivowels denoted by the letters ъ, ь, and, had separate signs in the musical notation and, therefore, were sung like the present vowels o, e, and. Such a text of singing manuscripts is called true speech, and the first period of the history of church singing in relation to the text is called the period of old I., or right-handedness. So, for example, the word today had three musical signs in the singing manuscripts of this period, one note above each semivowel letter ь, and thus this word was sung today. Theological and liturgical dictionary As far back as the XNUMXth century, the Italian Guido from Arezzo invented a four-line system for recording notes. The fifth line was added three hundred years later. The same Guido called the notes the first syllables of the lines of the comic hymn of the singers, asking St. John to save them from hoarseness. There were only six notes in Guido's scale, the seventh - si - was introduced only at the end of the XNUMXth century by Anselm from Florence (the name Si is from the initial letters of the words Sanctus Joannes). To record musical sounds, special signs are used, which are called notes. Note signs consist of the following parts: heads - or; stems (sticks) connected to the note head from left down: or from right up: ; flags (tails), connected with the calm only to the right of it: ; bindings (longitudinal lines) connecting calms: . Notes are placed (written) on five horizontal rulers, which are called a staff or a stave: Staff rulers are always counted from bottom to top in order, that is, the bottom ruler is the first, the one following it is the second, etc. Higher or lower sounds are recorded on additional rulers. The extra rulers above the staff are called the upper extra rulers and are counted from bottom to top of the staff: High notes are recorded on these extra rulers. Low sounds are recorded under the staff. The extra rulers below the staff are called bottom extra rulers and are counted from top to bottom of the staff. music theory Solresol is an artificial language invented in the first half of the 1th century by the Frenchman J. F. Sudre. Instead of sounds, seven notes were used to build the language. Thus, the following could be used to record texts on solresol: a) the first seven letters of the Latin alphabet; b) numbers from 7 to XNUMX; c) signs of musical notation. Analytical means of expressing grammatical meaning prevail. It has not received wide distribution. A. Musorin. LANGUAGES OF THE WORLD It must be said that the harmonica or wind organ has a different name in different languages. In German it is called Mundharmonika, in French - harmonica a bouche, in Italian - armonica a bocca, in Spanish armonica, in English - harmonica, mouth organ, French harp or harp. They say that the harmonica owes its name to a completely different instrument. In 1829 the Viennese master Demian received exclusive rights to manufacture accordions. Naturally, other masters also produced similar instruments, but under a different name, namely, handharmonika (hand harmonica). Due to the similar principle of operation, the wind organ began to be called mundharmonika (harmonica). Bassoon (from the Italian fagotto, literally - a knot, a bunch) a woodwind musical instrument. Originated in the 1st half of the 16th century. It has the largest range of all woodwinds (more than 3 octaves). I must say that in general, as a rule, low instruments have a large range due to the fact that their overtones are not so high, and therefore they are not so difficult to extract. Bassoonists sit in the second row of the brass group, next to the clarinets, usually 2 bassoons are used in the orchestra. November 18 (29), 1783 in the house of the director of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, Princess Ekaterina Romanovna Dashkova, in the presence of prominent writers and scientists - G. R. Derzhavin, D. I. Fonvizin, Ya. B. Knyaznin, I. I. Lepekhin and others . - the project of the first explanatory dictionary of the Russian language (Dictionary of the Russian Academy, parts 1-6, 1789-1794) was discussed. Book. Ekaterina Romanovna asked the men of science why in the word iolka one sound, which is often used in Russian, is denoted by two letters and would it not be more convenient to introduce a new letter? And then she drew it on paper. There were no objections, since the scientific authority of the book. Dashkova was very tall. So this day became the birthday of a new Russian letter. The first word printed with the letter Yo was the word everything. Then followed the words: light, stump, deathless, cornflower. In 1796, in the same printing house, N. M. Karamzin in his first book Aonid with the letter YO prints: dawn, eagle, moth, tears and the first verb with YO dripped. Then, in 1797, the first unfortunate typo in the word with Y. The proofreader did not see it through, and the circulation was published with garnished instead of faceted. And in 1798, G. R. Derzhavin used the first surname with the letter E - Potemkin. These are Yo's first steps through the pages of books. V. T. Chumakov Yo - the seventh, lucky letter of the alphabet The project of a monumental sign of the beginning of the countdown of the mileage of the most important automobile roads of the USSR was developed by order of the USSR Ministry of Roads and Roads in 1985 by a team of authors. The 0 km sign was supposed to be placed in the paving stones on Red Square, along the axis of the Mausoleum near the GUM building. As a result of a protracted process of agreeing on the location (it was even proposed to announce a competition), time was hopelessly lost and the 0 km sign made in the material (brass, granite) was never installed then. And only ten years later, at the request of the public, on the basis of the order of the Government of Moscow, the 0 km sign was restored by the authors and installed in the place where it is now. The development of medical science during the Renaissance was promoted by the Belgian anatomist Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564) and the English physician William Harvey (1578-1657). Andreas Vesalius is rightfully considered the creator of anatomy as a science, since he was one of the first to describe many human organs. Harvey made a huge contribution to physiology by discovering and describing the circulatory system.
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