Vertical drilling machine. Drawing, description

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Vertical drilling machine. home workshop

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The purpose and principle of operation of the proposed drilling machine are similar to similar designs. The differences are in the details. The machine has three spindle speeds. To do this, you should transfer the belt from one pulley stream to another, which is done very easily.

The main components of the machine are a table, a stand, a console with a tool head. Of course, an electric motor must also be attributed to them, but this is an independent and factory-made unit, and therefore I will only note its characteristics. Electric motor type - KD-50U4, power - 60 W, speed - 2750 per minute, supply voltage - 220 V.

A table is a relatively heavy steel or cast iron plate. In this design, channel No. 14 with shortened milled shelves was used for it, this is only because at the time of manufacture of the machine it turned out to be the most suitable material available. But if the machine does not need to be transferred from time to time, then it is better to use a plate. With a massive base, the machine will not "dance" from vibration on the table during operation. In the plane of the table, three through threaded holes M5 are made for attaching the stand.

The stand is made of a round steel rod with a diameter of 20 mm. From below, a thrust bearing in the form of a cut washer is welded to it with smooth holes located appropriately (as in a table). It is important to ensure that the axis of the rack is strictly perpendicular to the plane of the thrust bearing. With the help of a thrust bearing, the stand is attached to the table with three M5 screws.

Rice. 1. Desktop vertical drilling single-spindle machine (click to enlarge): 1 - desktop (channel No. 14); 2-support flange (steel 45); 3 - stand (steel 45, circle 20); 4-console (cast iron SCH-21); 5 - electric motor (KD-50U4); 6 - panel for a switch and a backlight (textolite or duralumin, sheet s5); 7 - drive pulley of the electric motor (duralumin, circle 54); 8 - fastening of the drive pulley on the motor shaft (M3 screw); 9 - belt (rubber ring); 10-casing of pulleys and belts, duralumin, sheet b 1); 11 - spindle drive unit; 12 - upper spindle bearing (No. 18); 13 - glass (steel 45); 14 - spindle (steel 45); 15 - lower spindle bearing (No. 200); 16-clamp tool chuck (B-10); 17-handle (rubber); 18 - handle (St3, circle 10); 19-handle mount (M6 screw, 2 pcs.); 20 - washers (4 pcs.); 21 - LED; 22 - switch (three-position toggle switch); 23 - fastening of the bearing housing to the console (M3 screw, 3 pcs.); 24- console locking mechanism; 25 - fixing the support flange of the stand to the table (M5 screw, 3 pcs.)

The rack serves for vertical movement of the console along it. The console is made of a rather massive billet of gray cast iron grade 21-40, and to facilitate the detail, its middle part is narrowed as much as possible - a large fillet is made here. Of course, the console can also be made of steel, but cast iron has the best anti-friction properties and the rubbing surfaces do not even need to be lubricated. In the end parts of the console, two main through holes were drilled with diameters of 21 and 32 mm with a center distance of 95 mm: the first for the rack, and the other for the spindle cup. If for someone the cartridge overhang seems a little small, then the console can be made with a large center distance between the holes for the rack and the tool. But then some dimensions need to be adjusted accordingly.

The spindle cup is made of St45 steel. In order for the glass to move up and down at a given feed distance of 42 mm, a groove 6 mm wide and 60 mm long is milled along the second (larger) hole in the console on one side.

The pulleys on the electric motor and the spindle are interlocked, three-stranded. They are made of duralumin, although you can also use plastic (textolite), as well as pick up ready-made ones (even steel ones). It was not possible to find a V-belt of the required dimensions, and therefore a rubber round belt (from the hydraulic cylinder of agricultural machinery) was used to transmit rotation. By the way, such an elastic belt even gives advantages - it is easier to reinstall it from stream to stream, and besides, a tensioner is not required.

One of the pulley blocks is mounted directly on the motor shaft and fixed here with an M3 screw screwed into the corresponding hole in the end of the shaft. The other spindle pulley block is mounted on the drive sleeve and fixed on it with an M3 countersunk screw through the corresponding threaded hole drilled in the middle groove of the pulley block.

Rice. 2. Spindle drive assembly (click to enlarge): 1 - driven (drive) pulley (duralumin, circle 59); 2 - spindle drive sleeve (steel 45, circle 18); 3 - connector of the driven pulley and the drive sleeve (M3 screw with countersunk head); 4 - bearing housing of the driven pulley and drive sleeve (steel 35, circle 57); 5 - bearing (No. 1000902) of the driven pulley and drive sleeve; 6 - internal retaining split ring; 7 - outer retaining split ring; 8-spindle ("furnishing")

The spindle in the glass is installed in two ball bearings: No. 18 (dхDхВ = 8x22x7) and No. 200 (10x30x9). Other bearings can be selected, preferably closed with dust-proof washers. The end of the spindle has a shortened Morse taper for self-centering chuck V-10. The cartridge provides fastening of a drill with a cylindrical part from 0,3 to 6 mm. If desired, you can make a spindle for a cartridge with a number higher, designed to mount a drill up to 10 mm, but it should be noted that for drilling holes in steel parts of this diameter, the power of a standard electric motor may not be enough.

The spindle assembly is assembled in the following sequence. Bearing No. 1000902 (15x28x7) is mounted on the drive bushing and locked with an internal circlip. Next, the bearing (with a bushing) is inserted into its housing and fixed in it with another (outer) circlip. The bearing housing is screwed to the console from above with four M4 countersunk screws. After that, a pulley is mounted on the sleeve and fixed here with an M3 screw with a countersunk head through a hole in the middle stream.

The upper part of the spindle on a length of 75 mm has flats on opposite sides, and there are two corresponding side protrusions in the sleeve. Thanks to them, when the pair "sleeve - spindle" work together, it becomes possible to simultaneously rotate and feed the cartridge mounted on the spindle with the tool.

Bearings are lubricated with LITOL or CIATIM.

The electric motor chosen is quite common, used in household appliances - KD-50U4. Its power is N = 60 W, the number of revolutions is 3000 per minute. The engine is attached at three points sideways to the control panel. A three-position switch is also installed on the same panel.

The stand has a height of 300 mm - for drilling holes in small and oversized parts, this is quite enough. If the part is high, then to process it, the console should be turned 180 degrees, and the machine itself should be installed on the edge of the table (workbench) and fixed here with a counterweight from an additional massive load or clamps.

To hold the console at a given height on the rack, a locking mechanism is used, consisting of a clamp, which is a half of a stud (or headless screw) M10 with a small cutout along the diameter of the rack and a corresponding curly nut with a washer. The clamp is installed in the blind hole of the console, and only its small threaded end comes out. The most interesting thing is that from the outside you can’t see how this node works.

Vertical drilling machine
Rice. 3. Details of the locking mechanism of the console: 1 - clamp (steel 45, circle 10); 2 - puck (St3, circle 20); 3-figure nut М10х1

Vertical drilling machine
Rice. 4. Schematic diagram of connecting the machine to a household electrical network

The feed handle is made of a round steel bar, a dielectric handle is mounted on it. The handle is bent slightly to the side - this improves visibility and increases the convenience of controlling the working tool. At the end of the handle, a hole is drilled for the axis, with the help of which it is connected to the console. Axis - M6 screw. A flat area is made in the middle part of the handle (flats are made on both sides) and an oblong groove is cut. The body of the M6 screw screwed into the spindle glass will move along the groove. By pressing this screw, the glass with the spindle is held in the console, that is, the cartridge will not move - this is required when the feed must be carried out not with a tool, but with a workpiece.

The electrical circuits for connecting an electric motor to a household network have been repeatedly discussed on the pages of the magazine, and there are no difficulties in this matter. In addition, a plate for connecting it to a 220V network is fixed on the motor housing. But in the scheme of the proposed drilling machine has its own characteristics. For example, it includes an LED signaling readiness for operation. The machine is equipped with a backlight with a reflector attached to the side of the console (not shown in the figure), which is turned on simultaneously and together with the electric motor, a three-position switch (toggle switch with neutral position), which allows the use of reverse. Additional lighting in the work area significantly affects the quality of work, especially when drilling small diameter holes.

To give the machine an aesthetic appearance, it needs to be painted. Color - according to your taste, and so that there are no streaks, it is advisable to do this with a risograph. Do not paint only the rack, spindle glass and the outer surface of the table.

This product has been faithfully serving me in the workshop for more than a year. I wish success to everyone who repeated the design!

Author: I.Rostovsky

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