Tourist amphibious boat Amfa. Drawing, description

PERSONAL TRANSPORT: GROUND, WATER, AIR
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Tourist amphibious boat Amfa. Personal transport

Personal transport: land, water, air

Directory / Personal transport: land, water, air

Tourist amphibious boat "Amfa" was built by Vitaly Gennadievich Lebedev 35 years ago. Over the many years of operation, of course, it has undergone several upgrades, but the original design ideas embedded in it have not become outdated. "Amfa" still pleases its creator and his family, demonstrating excellent qualities on the water and on the ground. In the late 50s, when life after the war became easier and the children grew up, I wanted to show them new interesting places. We lived almost on the banks of the Moscow-Volga canal, and water transport, as you know, is the cheapest. So I had the idea to build a boat.

I set myself the task of making it a tourist, amphibious type of a simplified design, that is, without complex components and assemblies of the wheel lifting system, without extra holes in the body. In two years, my dream came true.

The ship's hull (Fig. 1) was riveted with a small deadrise from duralumin (D16) sheets 1,5 mm thick and a corner 30x30 mm. The bottom was coated from the inside with epoxy resin with fiberglass and provided with an arrow-shaped transverse step (31). It is made according to the recommendations of the magazine "Boats and Yachts", when air is supplied from the air intakes (25) located on the deck on both sides. Thanks to this device and trim plates (27), the average speed increased by 5 km / h, while the boat became softer, since the impacts on the bottom on a large wave were significantly weakened.

To protect passengers from splashes and rain, the cabin of the boat was equipped with glazing (11) and a roof (32), which, if desired, is removed, disassembled and placed behind the back of the front seat.

The bow compartment (forepeak), which has only a hatch (39) measuring 450x350 mm in the bulkhead (38), is completely sealed. In one of our trips, this design prevented a big disaster: returning to the camp at night, at a speed of about 50 km / h, we ran into an unlit buoy and got a hole in the forepeak, it filled with water, but the boat with a trim on the bow remained afloat and we hardly , but reached their bay.

The engine compartment contains an engine (15) from a GAZ-21 with a clutch, a gearbox (17) from a Pobeda car, a makeshift transfer case (19), a winch (68) and other units of the power plant and transmission. All this is covered by a fold-down hood (16).

As for the engine, at first I put a motorcycle one from Izh-49 with a power of 10 hp. I converted it under water, but the speed of the boat with it turned out to be only 15 km / h. This state of affairs did not suit me, and I decided to buy a 75-strong "Volgovsky" in a thrift store. I made radiators for it: oil (65) and water (30) with a lobe pump BNK-12 (64), a water cooling jacket (48) was welded onto the exhaust manifold. The oil cooler pump and fan are driven by a belt drive from the engine flywheel. Tests have shown that in this version the amphibian can reach speeds of up to 25 km/h on land and up to 55 km/h on water. Engine power is enough to tow a water skier and there is still a small margin left.

As a mover, I used a bronze three-blade propeller (outer diameter 440 mm) mounted on a folding angular column. Transfer of torque to it from the drive shaft - with the help of a detachable cam clutch and a gearbox built into the column body, consisting of two bevel gears (і1=0,55, і2=1). For the first one, gears from the rear axle of the GAZ-51 car were used (half-axle z1=20 and satellite z2=11), and for the second - a pair of gears (z3=z4=17) made of 12KhNZA steel and cemented. Moreover, the first (upper) pair is washed by oil, cooled by outboard water, passed through a coil built into the crankcase of the column. The column gearbox is non-reversible, so direct and reverse gears of the gearbox are used on the water. When driving in reverse, to prevent the column from tilting up, it is locked with a special latch. The locking mechanism control handle is moved to the driver's post.

Fig.1. The layout of the amphibian (in the top view, pos. 24 is shown in the lowered position, pos. 11 and 16 are conditionally not shown) (click to enlarge): 1 - bow steering coil, 2 - wheel mounting cables (steel, Ø4,5), 3 - headlight, 4 - life circle, 5 - rollers, 6 - wheel control coil, 7 - instrument panel from the Pobeda M-20 car, 8 - top fire, 9 - rear-view mirror. 10 - steering coil, 11 - wheelhouse glazing (plexiglass, sheet, s8), 12 - removable seat backs, 13 - beams (D16T. corner 30x30), 14 - water taps, 15 - engine, 16 - engine compartment hood, 17 - gearbox (gear box), 18 - cardan shaft (from the GAZ-69 car), 19 - transfer case, 20 - rubber-metal clutch, 21 - bearing assembly, 22 - lifting bracket for the folding column, 23 - worm steering gear, 24 - column folding, 25 - air intakes, 26 - side lights, 27 - transom plate (polystyrene), 28 - wheel (660x220), 29 - 6ST-55 battery, 30 - water radiator. 31 - redan, 32 - deckhouse roof in the folded position (D16T, sheet, ), 33 - pedals, 34 - wheel turn gear with lodgement, 35 - front wheels (300x125), 36 - cardan shaft (30HGSA, coarse 35x2,5) , 37 - articulated joints, 38 - sealed bulkhead, 39 - forepeak hatch, 40 - lanyard, 41 - engine control devices, 42 - differential lock handle, 43 - carburetor air damper handle, 44 - "gas" lock lever, 45 - gearshift lever, 46 - ignition lock, 47 - gas tank (volume 22 l), 48 - exhaust manifold cooling jacket, 49 - couplings, 50 - differential lock lever, 51 - wheel reducer, 52 - differential, 53 - sprocket z= 18 (from the Izh-59 motorcycle), 54 - brake drum, 55 - muffler, 56 - front wheel control cable, 57 - winch cable, 58 - speed indicator (log), 59 - column lifting toggle switch, 60 - handle for fixing the column when reverse gear, 61 - ducks, 62 - air supply tube to the reserved space (4 pcs.), 63 - hook, 64 - water pump BNK-12, 65 - oil cooler, 66 - cardan (from motorized carriage FDD). 67 - connecting shaft (30HGSA, pipe 30x7), 68 - winch, 69 - water filter.

Fig.2. Mounting unit for driving wheels (left) (click to enlarge): 1 - coupling (steel 30KhGSA), 2 - pins (steel 45, bar Ø8), 3 - connecting shaft (steel 30KhGSA), 4 - bearing 7000106, 5 - screw M5 fastening of the cuff body, 6 - casing of the boat, 7 - fairing (polystyrene), 8 bolt M6 fastening the fairing, 9 - adapter (HVG steel), 10 - limiter (M6 screw), 11 - wheel disk (D16TV), 12 - bolt M8, 13 - special bolt M16x2 for fastening the wheel (steel 30KhGSA), 14 - axle shaft (steel KhVG), 15 - cuff 1-30x52-3, 16 - cuff body (St3), 17 - screw M5 locking, 18 - spacer (D16T) , 19 - bearing housing (St3).

Tourist amphibious boat Amfa
Fig.3. Transfer case: 1 - bearing 7000105 (2 pcs.), 2 - gear (shortened, from the first gear of KP M-20), 3 - bearing 7000106 (4 pcs.), 4 - flange connection with the shaft from KP M-20, 5 - pins (steel 30KhGSA, bar 05), 6 - shafts (shortened output shafts from KP M-20), 7 - pin (steel 30KhGSA, bar 06), 8 - side crankcase wall (D16TV), 9 - screw M6, 10 - crankcase covers (D16TV), 11 - sliding gears (from the first gear of the KP M-20), 12 - flange (steel 45), 13 - differential drive sprocket (z = 19, from Izh-49), 14 - M8 bolts , 15 - rubber-metal clutch, 16 - bearing assembly shaft, 17 - bevel gears (z1=z2=19, steel 20X), 18 - bearing 60202 (2 pcs.), 19 - winch drive shaft.

Tourist amphibious boat Amfa
Fig.4. Bow steering coil: 1 - bearing 7000106, 2 - coil (D16T), 3 - coil shaft (30KhGSA steel), 4 - cardan shaft, upper section (30KhGSA steel), 5 - M8 bolt, 6 - M6 screw, 7 - cheek fastening (steel 20, sheet, s2, 2 pcs.), 8 - spacer sleeve (D16T), 9 - body (steel 45)

Tourist amphibious boat Amfa
Fig.5. Wheel reducer (left): 1 - cuff 1-25x42-3 (2 pcs.), 2 - cuff body (D 16'GV), 3 - output shaft (steel 30HGSA), 4 - bearing 7000105 (5 pcs.), 5 - gear (z=18, reverse from the GAZ-51 gearbox), 6 - Mb screw, 7 - gear (z=22), 8 - differential axle shaft, 9 - gear (z=22), 10 - intermediate shaft ( steel 30KhGSA), 11 - pin (steel 45, bar Ø8), 12 - differential lock clutch (from the main gear of the motorized carriage FDD), 13 - gearbox housing (D16TV), 14 - connecting shaft of the left wheel.

Fig.6. Front wheel turning gearbox: 1 - fork (steel 45), 2 - oil seals, 3 - bushing (BrS30), 4 --- bushing (steel 45), 5 - bushing (BrS30), 6 - cardan shaft, lower section (steel 30KhGSA), 7 - wheel fastening cable (Ø4,5), 8 - lodgment base (D16T, sheet, s7), 9 - lodgment stand (D16T, 2 pcs.), 10 - bolt M8 for fastening the thunder, 11 - coating (rubber , sheet, s2), 12 - casing (D16T, sheet, s2), 13 - M5 screws, 14 - M4 screws, 15 - stirrup (steel 30, bar Ø8), 16 - gearbox housing (D16T), 17 - bearing 7205 , 18 - shaft (steel 30KhGSA), 19 - pin (steel 45, bar Ø10), 20 - bevel gear (steel 20X, z=16), 21 - bevel gear (steel 20X, z=28)

The steering wheel is driven by cables laid along the sides between two coils (on the steering column and behind the transom board), and then by a transmission consisting of a horizontal shaft with a split cam clutch, a worm gear and a vertical shaft.

Raising and lowering the corner column is carried out by an electric motor (MA-40A) with a worm-gear reducer and a coil for winding a cable, fixed at the second end on the steering gear housing (23) and thrown over the lifting bracket block (22).

The chassis is made according to a three-wheeled scheme: the front wheel is swivel, the rear wheels are driven. All wheels are easily taken away and installed on the water, and the front one - together with the control system (cardan shaft). To mount the front wheel from the deck, the shaft of the upper section of the cardan is inserted into the bow steering coil and locked with a bolt. Then the wheel with a support made in the form of a lodgment and serving at the same time as the housing of the rotary bevel gear is driven under the keel of the amphibian, "like on the reins", with the help of four cable extensions (2). The latter have lanyards (40), with which the support is securely attracted to the bottom. The rear wheel, together with the adapter, is attached to the axle shaft with one bolt (Fig. 2).

The torque from the engine through the gearbox is transmitted by the cardan shaft from the GAZ-69 (Fig. 1, pos. 18) to the transfer case, which divides the transmission into three branches: to the propeller, drive wheels and winch. The last two branches can be enabled at the same time. The transmission to the screw is carried out directly through a rubber-metal coupling (20), to the second branch - by a chain transmission, through a differential (52) and wheel gears (located together with the differential in one sealed tin case), a connecting cardan shaft (67), half shafts and splined couplings. Wheel reduction gears with a small gear ratio (i=0,83) are used to increase the ground clearance and to use a differential lock, which makes it easier for the amphibian to leave the water on a gently sloping shore. When driving on the ground, braking is performed by a brake drum from a K-125 motorcycle, which is attached to the differential flange.

Before the amphibian leaves for land, wheels are placed, a column and trim plates are raised, a muffler sleeve is inserted into the exhaust pipe, water taps are switched and a belt is put on the radiator fan. If the exit is gentle and the wheels touch the bottom, the differential lock is activated. In case of difficult access to the shore, a winch cable is fixed, which creates an additional force of 1 ton.

"Amfa" was operated for more than one decade. She made many trips along the Volga and its tributaries. And how much joy water skiing brought! The design of the amphibian, including the folding column, fully justified itself. During all this time, the propeller was never damaged, although they ran aground many times. Do not believe it - "Amfa" and now looks like new.

Author: V.Lebedev

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