Catholet. Drawing, description

PERSONAL TRANSPORT: GROUND, WATER, AIR
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Catholet. Personal transport

Personal transport: land, water, air

Directory / Personal transport: land, water, air

In one of the first projects, protected, by the way, by the author's certificate No. 347232, all the main points of the design, which is meant today by the word "catholet", were already laid down. Here, both the body-half-ball, and the engine carried away from the center of mass, and the pendulum scheme of movement of the body of the apparatus were envisaged. The sectional diagram below (Fig. 1) clearly shows the main elements and components of this transport device.

A crankcase is installed on the trunnions in the semi-ball case; unbalances are rigidly fixed in it on the shafts. The shafts are driven by the engine through a gearbox. Circular movements of the unbalances provide the appearance of centrifugal force transmitted through the trunnions to the body and always acting along one "diagonal" relative to the longitudinal vertical plane of the device, that is, directed alternately up and down.

Due to the displacement of the center of gravity of the propulsion body relative to the point of contact with the road, a moment appears that causes the translational movement of the entire apparatus. To perform the maneuver, it is enough to turn the crankcase with unbalances relative to the shaft - the plane of action of the centrifugal force will change, and the direction of the cathode will also change.

The first question that arises when getting acquainted with this scheme is: what about the crew, cargo - what will it be like for them on such a mechanical, unbroken "mustang" galloping without looking at the road! When developing the design, this problem, of course, was no less important than the machine itself. The way out was originally sought in the placement of the driver of passengers and cargo in a cradle cab installed in the body on hinges that neutralize its swing. In the future, other options appeared.

Catholet
Rice. 1. Scheme of the catholyte: 1 - body with a spherical bottom, 2, 3 - unbalances, 4 - shaft, 5 - cradle-cabin, 6 - trunnion, 7 - engine, 8 - crankcase

Rice. 2. Catholet - "yula" (appearance and layout): 1 - hemisphere body, 2 - curved bottom, 3 - movable ring, 4 - roller, 5 - cabin, 6 - engine

Rice. 3. Scheme of the movement of the cathode (one cycle is presented) (click to enlarge)

A different, although outwardly close, solution of the machine is proposed in the project, which also received an author's certificate No. 388943. Here, the body resembles a familiar children's toy spinning top. It has a curved convex bottom. Above it and inside the case along the entire diameter is a ring that can rotate around a vertical axis. The cabin of the apparatus rests on the ring on special rollers. A free-piston engine installed and fixed on a movable ring was used as a generator of mechanical oscillations. The direction of transport movement coincides with the vertical plane of the oscillation generator. Therefore, it is enough to turn the ring with the generator to another desired angle - the transport will change the direction of movement without turning the hull.

It is interesting to follow the given scheme (Fig. 3) for the sequential change of the phases of the cathode's motion. In the initial phase, the centrifugal force created by the unbalances should lift the "front" part of the machine (everyone can become the front one). Then, at the subsequent lower position of the unbalances, the guide will be directed downwards - the body will start rolling along the spherical bottom until it stops with the "front" part into the surface along which the movement occurs. At this moment, with the unbalances at the top, the guide will turn upward again and begin to lift the body. There is a kind of hovering with a simultaneous slight movement forward - a flight. Then again leaning on the "rear" part of the spherical bottom - and repeating the cycle of movement.

Rice. 4. Mining train based on a catholy: tractor and bogie (click to enlarge)

As already mentioned, cathelets are starting to leave the stage of working models. The figure shows a diagram of a mine train based on a cathode. Its main part is made up of two bogies: active - driving and passive, which is the head part of the cargo sight. The driver's cab is moved forward and does not depend on the rest of the composition. Such a train is designed for the transportation of materials in hydraulic mines, that is, for operation in cramped conditions that are difficult for other types of tractors.

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