Torsion with an eccentric. Drawing, description

PERSONAL TRANSPORT: GROUND, WATER, AIR
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Torsion with an eccentric. Personal transport

Personal transport: land, water, air

Directory / Personal transport: land, water, air

The presented design can be used in self-made vehicles (for example, in cars or velomobiles) as a torsion bar suspension of wheels. It is based on a domestic invention according to A.S. No. 184564, class 47a, 17 "Torsion spring".

The main design detail is an elastic element in the form of a shaft mounted in ball bearings with two support journals eccentrically located relative to each other. Eccentricity e, length l and shaft diameter d completely determine its stiffness and strength characteristics.

How does the suspension work?

The wheel rotates freely on its axis fixed in the lever parallel to the longitudinal axis of the eccentric shaft. If we assume that the lever and the longitudinal axis are located in the same horizontal plane, then the load on the suspension will be expressed in the form of a vertical (perpendicular to the plane of the figure) force Q from the wheel and a torque Mcr equal to the product of the magnitude of this force and the arm of the lever R. The force Q itself , equal to about a quarter of the vehicle's weight (if it is four-wheeled), is perceived by the bearings, and the eccentric shaft accounts for a torque of Mcr.

Torsion with eccentric
Torque spring (eccentric shaft) as an elastic element of the torsion wheel suspension: 1 - wheel; 2 - axis; 3 - lever; 4 - eccentric shaft; 5 - bearing supports

Torsion with eccentric
Rigidity characteristic of the eccentric shaft

As a result, as it was found in the process of experimental studies, in addition to the usual torsional deformations, there are also bending ones, which significantly exceed the first ones, which leads to the rotation of the shaft by a certain angle and balances the action of the torque.

Properly selected geometric parameters of the eccentric shaft make it possible to ensure high elasticity of the suspension in a wide range of torque changes due to the non-linearity (sinusoidality) of the stiffness characteristic of the elastic element.

It follows from the graph that the flat section of the characteristic, enclosed between the limiting angular deformations of the eccentric shaft a, and a2, close to 90 °, corresponds to a slight change in the magnitude of the acting load - torque.

This is one of the advantages of the described suspension over a conventional twisted torsion bar, the rigidity characteristic of which is straightforward and does not have flat sections.

The calculation of the stiffness of a torsion bar with an eccentric shaft can be performed using the following formula:

where a - the largest angle of elastic rotation of the eccentric shaft, degrees; Q is the force acting on the wheel, kg; R - arm of this force (lever length), cm; I - estimated shaft length, cm; E is the modulus of longitudinal elasticity, kg/cm2; d - diameter of the bending part of the shaft, cm; e - shaft eccentricity, see

This formula indicates a sinusoidal dependence of the shaft rotation angle on the acting force Q.

The calculation of the shaft strength can be performed using the formula:

where au - bending stresses of the shaft, kg/cm2; [si] - allowable bending stresses, kg/cm2.

Having chosen the necessary geometrical parameters of the shaft and the magnitude of permissible elastic deformations, it is necessary to constructively ensure the operation of the torsion bar within the calculated limits, for example, by setting limit stops made of rubber or plastic for the lever.

Author: A.Egishyants

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