Method for the restoration of permanent magnets. Scheme, description

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Method for the restoration of permanent magnets. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Ham Radio Technologies

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Permanent magnets used in ignition systems for outboard motors lose their magnetic properties over time. The magneto cannot provide the necessary spark power, which makes starting the engine much more difficult. To magnetize a permanent magnet, as a rule, a winding is wound around it, through which a current pulse from a powerful source is passed (usually a burnt wire jumper is used).

But in the magnetos of internal combustion engines, the magnets are attached to the inner surface of the flywheel with rivets, which makes them difficult to dismantle. In the absence of special technological equipment, problems arise associated with the accuracy of installation and the reliability of attaching the magnet to the flywheel.

To restore permanent magnets without removing them from the flywheel, a method has been developed and tested in practice that allows solving this problem at home. To do this, you must perform the following operations:

assemble the installation according to the scheme (Fig. 1); to measure the relative changes in the magnetic field, make a magnetic diode sensor [1], in the absence of magnetic diodes, you can get by with a school compass;

remove the ignition coil from the base of the magneto, remove the iron core; wind over the core on a temporary frame 1000 turns of PEV wire with a diameter of 0,8 mm (coil L1 in the diagram of Fig. 1);
on the corner of the table, remote from radiators and other metal objects, put a compass oriented so that the arrow is at the zero mark of the scale; place the flywheel with the L1 coil at a distance of 30-40 cm from the compass (closer to the middle of the table);
by rotating the flywheel, achieve the maximum deflection of the compass needle;
by changing the distance between the flywheel and the compass, ensure the deviation of the northern end of the compass needle by 4 ... 6 degrees towards the flywheel (Fig. 2); attach the coil L1 to the magnet so that the ends of its iron core are connected to the pole pieces of the magnet, closing the magnetic circuit;

setting the autotransformer T1 engine to the minimum output voltage position, turn on the SA1 switch;
smoothly turn the handle of the autotransformer to the position at which the voltage on the capacitor C1 reaches 1900 ... 2000 V;
turn off SA1, turn on SA2, while the capacitor C1 is discharged through the diodes VD2 ... VD7 and the coil L1, creating a powerful magnetizing current pulse; removing the L1 coil, determine the new position of the compass needle. If the deviation from the zero mark has increased, repeat the magnetization cycles until the pointer deviation reaches its maximum value and new current pulses increase the magnet field. If the compass needle has shifted to the other side, then it is necessary to swap the leads of the coil L1 and continue the magnetization;
upon completion of work, completely disconnect the unit from the 220 V network; capacitor C1 must be completely discharged;
disconnect the L1 coil from the installation, rearrange the iron core to the standard ignition coil and assemble the magneto.

Details and design. The installation used a laboratory autotransformer LATR-2(T1). As a high-voltage transformer T2, a standard 220V / 6kV is used, which is used to power gas-light advertising. Capacitor C1 of type K75-11 for an operating voltage of 2000 V. As device P1, a microammeter with a scale of 50 μA was used, the total deviation of the arrow of the device corresponds to 5000 V. Resistor R2 of type KEV1, it is possible to replace a chain of series-connected resistors of any type, the total resistance of which is 100 MΩ .

Switch SA2 must provide safe switching of high voltage, it is possible to use a knife switch with a protective cover. Damping diodes VD2 ... VD7 should be replaced with diodes of a different type, capable of withstanding pulsed currents up to several tens of amperes with an allowable reverse voltage of more than 1000 V.

Installation of the unit and work with it must be carried out in strict accordance with the safety regulations. If you do not have experience with high-voltage equipment, you must contact a specialist who has a permit to work on electrical installations with voltages above 1000 V.

Literature:

Kroshko D. Magnetic diode displacement sensor.//Radioamator.-1999.-No.3.S.38.

Author: D.L.Kroshko

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