Who invented the most important astronomical instruments? Detailed answer

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Who invented the most important astronomical instruments? Detailed answer

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Who invented the most important astronomical instruments?

The astrolabe, a device for determining the height of light above the horizon, was invented by the Greek Hipparchus (c. 180 or 190-125 BC) in 150 BC. e.

The first spyglass was built by the Dutchman Hans Lipperschey (XVII century) in 1608. True, it was used for astronomical observations by Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) in Italy.

The first mirror telescope was built by the great English physicist Isaac Newton (1642-1727) in 1668. Until the advent of the radio telescope, these instruments were the main ones in astronomy.

Author: Mendeleev V.A.

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Random news from the Archive

Why is it difficult to sleep in a new place? 04.05.2016

When someone says that it is difficult for him to fall asleep in a new place, he is not making it up - indeed, sleep researchers have long known that sometimes a person who finds himself in an unfamiliar bed falls asleep for a long time and then sleeps badly all night.

Masako Tamaki and her colleagues at Brown University found that we don't get enough sleep in a new place because we literally sleep with only one hemisphere. For the experiment, several dozen volunteers were invited to the laboratory, who were supposed to spend two nights here.

Brain activity was recorded using a whole range of methods: magnetoencephalography, which can be used to observe magnetic fields arising from the electrical activity of certain brain areas; structural magnetic resonance imaging, which allows you to see the structure of the brain and evaluate the volume of nervous tissue; polysomnography, when the course of sleep is assessed simultaneously by EEG, by heart rate, by eye movement, by muscle activity, plus a number of other parameters. Neuroscientists were primarily interested in slow-wave brain activity, indicating the depth of sleep.

If on the second night in the laboratory the right and left hemispheres worked in the same way, plunging into deep sleep, then on the first night the left worked differently - the so-called default neural network was actively functioning in it.

A characteristic feature of the default circuit is that its neurons remain active when a person is not busy with anything, does not perform any specific task, when he is simply idle. (Some believe that it is this network, which works by default, that provides us with what can be called self-awareness, the understanding that I am I.) However, its activity is most pronounced in the waking state - from which we can conclude that in the first night the brain actually slept only with its one - right - half.

In another version of the experiment, participants had to sleep to the accompaniment of beeping, repeated throughout the night at random intervals. Judging by the reaction of the brain, the sleepers heard the sound, but, again, on the first night, the left hemisphere reacted most strongly to it.

Finally, at the third stage, if a sound signal was heard through a dream, it was necessary to press a special button with a finger. The sound itself came either from the left or the right, and, as it turned out, a person woke up faster and more often when something came to him from the right - that is, when the beep went to the left hemisphere.

Scientists have concluded that in a new place, only one hemisphere, the right hemisphere, plunges into a truly deep sleep, while the left hemisphere balances on the verge of sleep and wakefulness.

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