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CULTURAL AND WILD PLANTS
Common blueberry (blueberry myrtle). Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application
Directory / Cultivated and wild plants Content
Common blueberry (blueberry myrtle), Vaccinium myrtillus. Photos of the plant, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism Sort by: Vaccinium Family: Heathers (Ericaceae) Origin: Europe, North Asia, North America Area: Common blueberry grows in the forest zone of Eurasia and North America. Chemical composition: Blueberries contain anthocyanins (mainly deliphinidol glucoside and sinigrin), flavonoids (cavertine, myrcine, rutinoid, quercetin), acids (citric, malic, tartaric), sugars, pectin, vitamins C and B2. Economic value: Blueberries are widely used in the food industry for the preparation of compotes, jams, fruit drinks, juices, jams, confectionery and desserts. Blueberries are also used in medicine as an anti-inflammatory, hemostatic, diuretic and tonic. Blueberry leaves are used to make tea, which is recommended for diseases of the kidneys and bladder. Legends, myths, symbolism: In medieval Europe, blueberries were used to treat many ailments, including eye diseases and diabetes. In some cultures, blueberries are associated with magical properties and have been used to ward off evil spirits and witchcraft. In Norse mythology, blueberries were considered the food of the gods and were used to treat many diseases. Blueberries are also associated with the forest and nature, where they often grow in the wild.
Common blueberry (blueberry myrtle), Vaccinium myrtillus. Description, illustrations of the plant Blueberry. Legends and tales. Botanical description, plant history, legends and folk traditions, cultivation and use
Blueberry bushes, according to German tradition, cover the ground in those places where tiny gnomes and dwarfs dart, protecting their hidden treasures from people. These little grey-bearded creatures once searched in vain for a safe haven for themselves and their treasures in the basements and cellars of human dwellings, in gorges and ravines, and in forests between tree roots, in graveyards. But people found them everywhere, following on their heels with a spade and a shovel, a hoe and a pick. With weeping and plaintive groans, in eternal fear for their treasures, dwarfs and gnomes wandered the world until a blueberry bush took pity on them. He invited the wandering people to him, promising him a hidden and reliable refuge, for which he suggested that they crawl under the green vaults of a blueberry forest, where the delighted gnomes carried silver and gold and precious stones sparkling with multi-colored lights. What they could not carry themselves, they loaded onto moles, lizards, hamsters and other animals hiding underground. At the same time, the dwarfs walked, and the gnomes rode on frogs, grimacing and making faces, because they were in an unusually joyful and contented mood. For two whole days their procession continued; then it disappeared into the blueberry thicket and hid in burrows under the blueberry roots, where even today a tiny people, invisible to no one and now offended by no one, lives and hosts. Two types of blueberries grow in Eurasia: a tertiary relic - Caucasian blueberries, a shrub and a small, up to three meters tall deciduous tree, and common blueberries - a deciduous shrub, both with edible fruits, blooming with white or greenish flowers, when shedding in windy weather over meadows a summer deciduous blizzard spreads. Blueberries, on the other hand, are found only on the island of Madeira. Author: Krasikov S.
Blueberry, Vaccinium myrtillus L. Botanical description, history of origin, nutritional value, cultivation, use in cooking, medicine, industry
A strongly branched shrub up to 50 cm high, with a long creeping rhizome. The leaves are oval, petiolate, leathery, light green. The flowers are small, pink, solitary, located in the axils of young leaves. The fruit is a spherical multi-seeded juicy berry, black with a bluish bloom. Blooms in May-June. Blueberries have been known for a very long time. The ancient Greek physician Dioscorides recommended it for dysentery. In folk medicine, it is known as a remedy used for gastrointestinal diseases, bleeding. For medicinal purposes, the leaves are also harvested, which are plucked during the flowering of the plant. The value of blueberries in the high content of sugars, organic acids, tannins and pectin. Found in them are vitamins C, group B, carotene and a vitamin-like substance inositol. Blueberries rank first among all fruits in terms of manganese and iron content. In addition, it contains potassium, sodium, calcium, phosphorus, sulfur and chlorine. Rich in chemical composition and blueberry leaves. They have the same organic acids, tannins and minerals as in berries; in addition, very valuable glycosides myrtillin and arbutin, as well as essential oil, were found. Since ancient times, the fruits and leaves of blueberries have been widely used in folk medicine in various countries. Fresh fruits were used as a dietary product for anemia, gout, urolithiasis and cholelithiasis, to improve digestion. They helped with burns, scaly lichen, eczema, and fractures. With diarrhea, hepatitis, low acidity of gastric juice and rheumatism, they drank blueberry tea brewed from dried fruits.
Currently, blueberries are used in scientific medicine as an adjuvant in the treatment of these diseases. In addition, a decoction and infusion of the leaves are recommended for mild diabetes. Blueberries, as well as infusion, decoction, jelly give a lasting therapeutic effect in dyspepsia, especially in children. After blueberry therapy, intestinal motility returns to normal for a long time. Decoction and juice are used externally for rinsing with tonsillitis in children, with inflammation of the oral cavity. Blueberries sharpen vision and reduce eye muscle fatigue, which is why they are very popular among hunters and fishermen of the North. They are recommended as a prophylactic for persons whose work is associated with eye strain: drivers, pilots, typists. Blueberry leaves increase the acidity of gastric juice, have astringent, hemostatic, diuretic effect. Infusions are taken as an antiemetic, with stomach cramps, dropsy. In the medical industry, the leaves are used to make the drug myrtillin, which has an insulin-like effect: it lowers blood sugar and urine. A dye is obtained from blueberry cake, which is used in medicine for histological studies. Ripe juicy blueberries are eaten raw, ground with sugar, used as a filling for pies; of them prepare juice, jelly, syrup, jam, fruit drink. Blueberries grated with sugar, juice, jam are also produced in large quantities by food industry enterprises. Blueberries are of great importance as a source of dye for wool: the juice of berries with an admixture of alum colors it purple, and with blue vitriol and ammonia - bright red. The aerial part of the plant is used for tanning leather. Blueberries are a good honey plant. During flowering, it produces abundant nectar. Authors: Kretsu L.G., Domashenko L.G., Sokolov M.D.
Blueberry common. Description of the plant, area, cultivation, application
It grows everywhere in pine, mixed forests, among shrubs, in shady places. Perennial semi-shrub plant 35-60 cm high. Stems erect, branched, smooth. Rhizome long, creeping. The leaves are elliptical, smooth, light green, leathery, 10-30 mm long, covered with sparse hairs, the edges of the leaves are finely serrated. Blooms in May - June. Flowers greenish-white, often tinged with pink, solitary. They are located on short pedicels in the axils of the upper leaves. The fruits ripen in July - August, spherical, black, with a bluish bloom, shiny, the flesh is dark red, juicy, soft, with many seeds. Blueberries bear fruit from the 2-3rd year. Initially, large berries appear in small quantities. In the future, the berries become much larger, but smaller. Blueberries contain tannins, mucous, pectin, sugar, vitamins C, B1, B2, carotene, citric and malic acids, trace elements, neomertillin (has an insulin-like effect). Tannins, glycosides, flavonoids, organic acids, vitamin C, carotene were found in the leaves; in seeds - fatty oil. Good honey plant. Blueberries are used in food. From fresh berries they cook jam, compotes, kissels, syrups, make fillings for pies, dumplings, juices. Blueberries in their own juice. Arrange the berries in sterilized hot jars, pour blueberry juice heated to a temperature of 65-70 ° C, cover with lids and pasteurize: half-liter jars -10, liter - 20 minutes. Seal banks. Store in a cool place. Blueberries with sugar. Ripe berries are slightly mashed with a wooden pestle, heated to a temperature of 65-70 ° C, put into hot sterilized jars, covered with lids and pasteurized: half-liter jars - 20, liter - 30 minutes. 1 kg blueberries, 1 kg sugar. Blueberry juice. Heat the berries in an enamel bowl, mash, squeeze the juice, add sugar syrup, bring to a boil, pour into sterilized jars and sterilize: half-liter - 20, liter - 30 minutes. 1 kg of blueberries, 100-200 g of sugar, 300 ml of water. Blueberry juice. Mash ripe berries with a wooden pestle, mix with sugar, leave in a cold place for two days. Then strain, boil for 30 minutes, pour into sterilized jars, cork. 1 kg blueberries, 1 kg sugar. Blueberry drink. Grind the berries with sugar and milk, add a little salt, beat and cool. 200 g blueberries, 200 ml milk, 25 g sugar, 1-2 g salt. Blueberry compote. Pour blueberries tightly into jars, pour 20% sugar syrup, cover with lids and sterilize at a temperature of 70 ° C: half-liter jars - 15, liter -30 minutes. Seal banks. 1 kg blueberries, 200 g sugar, 800 ml water. Blueberry marmalade. Pour blueberries with water and cook over low heat until thickened. Then add sugar, stir and continue to cook, stirring constantly, until the consistency of marmalade. 1 kg blueberries, 400 g sugar, 200 ml water. Blueberry jelly. Berries put in earthenware, put in a warm oven for 15 minutes. Then squeeze the juice, add sugar and cook over low heat until the jelly thickens, removing the foam. 1 kg blueberries, 350 g sugar. Blueberry jam. Boil the berries in water for several minutes, then rub through a thick sieve, add sugar and cook over low heat until the consistency of jam. 1 kg blueberries, 500 g sugar, 200 ml water. Blueberry jam. 1. Pour blueberries with sugar for 12 hours. Then drain the juice, bring to a boil, add the berries and cook over low heat until tender. 1 kg blueberries, 1,2 kg sugar. 2. Put the berries in 90% sugar syrup for 3-4 hours, then cook over low heat until tender. 1 kg of berries, 900 g of sugar, 100 ml of water. Marinated blueberries. Boil vinegar and sugar for 5 minutes in an enameled bowl, dip the berries there and cook over low heat for 15 minutes. Drain the broth, boil for 10 minutes, dip the berries into it again, add cinnamon and cloves. Arrange blueberries in sterilized jars, cover with lids. When the jars are cool, seal them. 1 kg of blueberries, 100 ml of 5% table vinegar, 350 g of sugar, cloves and cinnamon to taste. Blueberries with milk. Pour blueberries with sugar, pour milk. 200 g blueberries, 250 ml milk, sugar to taste. Blueberries with corn flakes. Pour corn flakes with hot boiled milk with sugar, boil over low heat for 3 minutes, add butter, blueberries, lemon zest, cinnamon, mix, pour into cups and cool. Garnish with whipped egg whites with powdered sugar. 500 g of blueberries, 150 g of corn flakes, 500 ml of milk, 75 g of sugar, 75 g of powdered sugar, 2 proteins, 25 g of butter, cinnamon, lemon peel to taste. Blueberry rice cake. Boil rice in milk. Rub the yolks thoroughly with sugar, butter and salt. Blueberries, raisins, almonds or nuts, cook sugar over low heat for 3-5 minutes, add whipped proteins. Mix everything carefully, put in a mold greased with creamy margarine, put small pieces of butter on top and bake. 500 g blueberries, 300-400 g rice, 800 ml milk, 50 g butter, 2 eggs, 100 g sugar, 50 g raisins, 30 g almonds, 25 g butter margarine, salt to taste. Blueberry berries and leaves are used in folk medicine. Berries are used raw, dried, boiled. They have an antiseptic, vitamin, astringent, anti-inflammatory, anti-spasmodic effect, reduce the amount of sugar in the blood, increase the acidity of gastric juice, improve digestion, metabolism, increase visual acuity, improving blood supply to the retina. Dried berries are used as a fixative. Infusion of blueberries. 20 g of dried berries insist in 200 ml of cold water for 8 hours. Drink a day with diarrhea, gastritis, colitis. Infusion of blueberry leaves. 15 g of dried leaves insist in 400 ml of boiling water for 1 hour, strain. Drink 100 ml 3 times a day for gastritis, diabetes, kidney stones, colitis. Wash wounds, ulcers, make lotions on bleeding hemorrhoids. A decoction of blueberries. Boil 20 g of dried berries in 250 ml of water for 10 minutes, strain. Drink 50 ml 3-4 times a day before meals for diarrhea, cystitis, bedwetting, rheumatism, gout, urolithiasis, anemia, general weakness. A decoction of blueberry leaves. Boil 50 g of leaves in 1 liter of boiling water for 20 minutes, strain. Drink 50 ml 3 times a day for gastritis, colitis, diabetes, hemorrhoidal and uterine bleeding. Fresh blueberries are 100-200 g 2-3 times a day for gastritis, constipation, visual impairment. Dried berries are 50 ml 2-3 times a day for diarrhea. Blueberries are included in the fixing fees. Contraindications: dried berries are not recommended for constipation. Blueberries are harvested as they ripen in July. Scattered in a thin layer on paper or material, dried in air for 2-3 days, then dried in dryers, ovens, ovens at a temperature of 60-70 ° C. Dried berries are wrinkled, black-violet, with a slight odor, pleasant sweet and sour taste, do not stick together into lumps, do not blacken the hands. The leaves are harvested in May - June, dried in the shade under a canopy, in the attic. Dried leaves are light green in color. Blueberries are not cultivated. It requires natural conditions, forest. Therefore, in the places where blueberries grow, it is impossible to graze cattle, cut down bushes, and disturb the litter. It should be collected only by hand, so as not to damage the branches of plants. Blueberry thickets protect the soil from erosion and drying out. Shelf life of leaves - 1 year, berries - up to 2 years. Authors: Alekseychik N.I., Vasanko V.A. Common blueberry, Vaccinum myrtillus L. Description, habitats, nutritional value, use in cooking
Bilberry is a branchy shrub from the lingonberry family, 15-40 cm high. The leaves are small, oblong-ovate, shiny, bright green. The flowers are spherical, white-pink, with a fused corolla. The berries are black with a bluish bloom. The flesh is dark purple. The taste is sour-sweet, slightly astringent. It grows in pine and spruce forests on flat semi-shady places. Ripens in July - August. Blueberries are rich in organic acids (malic, succinic, citric, lactic, quinic), tannins and pectins (0,14-0,69%). In addition, blueberries contain a small amount of vitamin C (from 5 to 10 mg%), vitamin B1 (0,04 mg%), B2 (0,08 mg%), PP (up to 0,3 mg%), P (up to 600 mg%) and carotene (1,6 mg%). Salts of iron (16 mg%), phosphorus (13 mg%), calcium (16 mg%), copper (0,1 mg%), magnesium (2 mg%), manganese (4 mg%), zinc ( 0,4 mg%). The amount of carbohydrates in berries reaches 9,3%, proteins - 0,9%. In the leaves - up to 20% tannins, glycosides myrtillin and neomyrtillin (7 and 2%), arbutin (1,6%), quercetin and hydroquinone (up to 1%). Collected blueberries are eaten fresh with milk, crushed with sugar. Kissels, syrups, jams, marmalades are prepared from it, and they are stored for future use in dried form. Dry at a temperature of 50-60°C. In the food industry, blueberries are used to color wines, liqueurs, and soft drinks. Blueberries have long been known as a dietary product. French scientists have found that blueberries help improve vision at dusk and at night, help the eyes quickly adapt to poor visibility, and reduce eye fatigue during prolonged work and artificial lighting. Author: Koshcheev A.K.
Bilberry, Vaccinium myrtillus L. Botanical description, area and habitats, chemical composition, use in medicine and industry
Synonyms: blueberry, blueberry, chernega, etc. Small shrub 15-30 cm high with a creeping rhizome, cowberry family (Vacciniaceae). The stems are branched with thin ovate leaves with serrate-toothed edges. The flowers are greenish-white with a pink tint. The berries are juicy, black, with a bluish-gray bloom. Blooms in May. Berries ripen in July-August. Range and habitats. Widespread in the European part of Russia, North America and East Asia. It grows in the zone of coniferous, mainly spruce, rarely deciduous forests, on mountain slopes and in swampy lowlands. It occurs in the Carpathians on meadows, forming thickets on tens and hundreds of hectares. Chemical composition. Blueberries contain up to 18% tannins of the pyrocatechin group, up to 7% organic acids, including citric, malic, succinic, cinchona, benzoic, lactic, oxalic acids. The sugar content is up to 30%, vitamin C - 6 mg%, carotene - 0,75-1,6 mg%, vitamin B - 0,04%. Seeds contain up to 31% fatty oil, up to 18% protein. Blueberry leaves contain tannins (18-20%), sugar and other substances (12-18%), arbutin (0,47-0,58%), hydroquinone (0,047%), saponins (2,2-2,8 %), organic acids - gallic, benzoic, citric, malic, acetic, oxalic, tartaric, as well as minerals - potassium, sodium, magnesium, calcium, iron, sulfur, phosphorus, chlorine. Biologically important substances are glycosides - neomyrtillin B%), the aglucone of which is the vitamin-like substance inositol, a derivative of gallic acid, the carbohydrate residue is glucose; myrtillin A%), belonging to the anthocyanin group; aglucone is a coloring agent similar to mirtillidine. Application in medicine. Preparations of blueberry leaves have a cardiotonic, diuretic, choleretic, astringent, anti-inflammatory and antiseptic effect. Blueberry leaves and fruits are used as an astringent for acute and chronic digestive disorders accompanied by diarrhea, loss of body weight, appetite, dyspepsia associated with increased fermentative and putrefactive processes, colitis and enterocolitis. As a remedy containing vitamins, it is used for scurvy and other hypo- and beriberi. Often used topically for stomatitis and gingivitis as an astringent and antiseptic. There are reports of the use of an infusion of the leaves in mild forms of diabetes and in senile diabetes. Blueberries are widely known as an antidiarrheal remedy for non-infectious diarrhea, especially in children, as an adjuvant along with antibiotics for dysentery, beriberi Other uses. Blueberries are used as food and for making liqueurs, jelly, jam, pies. Also stored frozen. Good honey plant, gives a lot of nectar. Fragrant honey is light, slightly reddish. The coloring matter of blueberries is a pH indicator and changes color to blue when the acidity decreases. Blueberries are used as a purple vegetable dye, for example, for branding meat. The juice of the berries, according to various mordants, stains wool and canvas in purple and red. Authors: Turova A.D., Sapozhnikova E.N.
Bilberry (common blueberry, myrtle blueberry), Vaccinium myrtillus. Botanical description of the plant, area, methods of application, cultivation
The scientific name of the genus Vaccinium is taken from Classical Latin: in Pliny the Elder, the word vaccinium occurs as the name of a plant ("type of berry"; perhaps blueberry was meant; bacca - berry). There is a version that the name Vaccinium comes from the Latin word vacca - cow (vaccinus - cow) and is explained by the beneficial properties of berries, comparable to the benefits of a cow on the farm. The specific name myrtillus is a diminutive of myrtus - "myrtle", after the similarity of blueberries with myrtle (marsh plant). Deciduous shrub 10-50 cm high, in the north, in the tundra - a few centimeters. The branches depart from the main stem at sharp angles, woody at the base. The leaves are alternate, small-toothed, ovate, leathery, fall off in the winter. Rainwater flows along the grooved leaves and petioles to the branches with deep grooves, along which it rolls down to the root. The plant has a creeping rhizome up to three meters long, giving a large number of shoots. The flowers are bell-shaped, greenish-white, regular, sitting one at a time. The corolla has five teeth. The fold of the cup is inseparable. Stamens ten. Pestle - one. Lower tie. The flower is tilted down, and this protects the pollen from moisture. Blooms in May. The main pollinators of flowers are bees and bumblebees. The fruits are bluish-black due to a wax coating or just black berries. Wax coating is easily removed, and then the berry is fully consistent with its name. The inside is purple, there can be up to 40 seeds inside the berry, but the average number is usually half that. The fruits are eaten by forest birds (usually wood pigeons), which carry their indigestible seeds far, thus contributing to the dispersal of the plant (ornithochory). Blueberries have a very wide natural range, which includes almost the entire northern hemisphere: North America (Western Canada, Northwest and Southwest USA - Rocky Mountains), Greenland, almost all of Europe (except Greece), the European part of Russia, the Urals, the Caucasus (Georgia and Armenia), Turkey, Western and Eastern Siberia, Mongolia, Japan. In nature, it grows in forests of all types and in swamps. Blueberries contain a lot of vitamins A, B and C, manganese, magnesium and calcium, fibers and flavonoids, and few fruit acids. Blueberries are used as food and for making liqueurs, jelly, jam, pies. They are also stored frozen. In many places, picking berries brings a significant income to the population. Berries and leaves are used for medicinal purposes. The main active ingredients are condensed tannins (5-7%) pectin substances, anthocyanins. In medicine, both berries and blueberry leaves are used. They are used mainly in diseases of the eyes, gastrointestinal tract, diabetes mellitus and in gerontology, as well as topically in the treatment of burns and ulcers, stomatitis and gingivitis. Leaves and shoots are used in the initial forms of diabetes, since the neomyrtillin glycoside contained in them has the ability to lower blood sugar. It is generally accepted that soup, decoction or jelly made from dried berries helps with diarrhea. The fresh berry is considered useful in the treatment of scurvy. Blueberry shoots (Cormus Vaccinii myrtilli) are part of the Arfazetin antidiabetic collection along with nettle, beans and clover. For medicinal purposes, the fruits of blueberries (Fructus Myrtilli) are harvested at the stage of full maturity (in July-August), the leaves - during the flowering period, plucked by hand, dried under a canopy. Raw materials are stored in paper bags, boxes, crates. Shelf life - up to 2 years. It is believed that blueberries improve twilight vision. This belief is very old and strong. According to historical data, British Air Force pilots who participated in night sorties during World War II specially received and ate blueberry jam. It is obvious that all the influence on the pilots, if any, came down to additional nutrition and getting vitamins - an important supplement in a war. A peacetime study by the US Navy in 2000 found no effect of blueberries on dim vision. Laboratory studies have shown that eating blueberries can prevent or treat eye conditions such as retinal detachment, but its use in therapy has not been clinically studied. Dark blue blueberries contain significant amounts of the anthocyanin dye. Its use in experiments has shown a decrease in the risks of many diseases: heart, circulatory system, eyes and cancer. In addition to anthocyanins, blueberries contain protoanthocyanides, flavonoids, and tannins, which act as antioxidants that reduce inflammation. In ophthalmology, as a rule, blueberry extract is used. In the treatment of conjunctivitis, blueberries are used in combination with eyebright and chamomile (sometimes sea buckthorn and fennel are also used). Blueberries have limited therapeutic properties. Basically, the positive effect is associated with an improvement in the blood flow of the retina. Many people mistakenly believe that blueberries improve vision "generally", and this is often used in unfair advertising of various drugs and dietary supplements. When consumed in large quantities, blueberries cause constipation. Bilberry is a good honey plant, it gives a lot of nectar and light, slightly reddish, fragrant honey. The coloring matter of blueberries is a pH indicator and changes color to blue when the acidity decreases. Blueberries are used as a purple vegetable dye, for example, for branding meat. Sometimes blueberries are also grown for ornamental purposes on alpine slides.
Blueberry. Basic information about the plant, use in medicine and cooking
Blueberries grow in the humid forests of Polissya, the western regions of Ukraine, the Moscow region and the Southern Urals up to the tundra zone. (among the brilliant mosses) continuous thickets. In drier places, lingonberries grow along with the trait. Blueberries are black-purple with a bluish bloom, the flesh is purple, the seeds are small, have a pleasant taste, but stain the mouth and lips blue. Blueberries are one of the most popular berries in the forest zone. Contains citric and malic acids, quite a lot of cane sugar, vitamins C and B2, provitamin A, tannins and pectin. Fresh berries are consumed raw, dried, cooked jams, syrups, kissels, compotes, wines and liqueurs are prepared. The berries are dried for future use in Russian stoves or ovens at a temperature of no more than 60 ° C, after drying in air for 2-3 days. In folk medicine, blueberries are a very popular remedy. Preparations from blueberries are used to regulate the activity of the stomach in rheumatism. A decoction of berries is drunk for anemia, liver stones, jaundice. A decoction of the leaves (60 g of dry leaves per 1 liter of water) is used to treat diabetes. The insulin-like effect of tea from dried blueberry leaves is explained by the fact that they contain mitrilin glucoside, which reduces sugar in the blood and urine. Two teaspoons of dried leaves are crushed and poured with two glasses of boiling water, insisted for 30 minutes, filtered and drunk several times a day after meals. During the Great Patriotic War, our pilots were given blueberry jelly before night flights. This helped them to see better and navigate in the dark, increased their tone. Studies have shown that the systematic use of blueberries accelerates recovery and improves blood supply to the retina. The juice of unripe blueberries lubricates the gums in case of bleeding, dental diseases. Rinse the mouth with a decoction of ripe berries to strengthen the gums. Blueberry compote is drunk to improve visual acuity. Ice is prepared from the juice of unripe berries for a morning massage refreshing the face, freckles are removed with juice. Author: Reva M.L. Blueberry common. Interesting plant facts
Small shrub of the lingonberry family. The fruits are black, spherical berries with numerous light brown seeds. Blossoms in May - June, fruits ripen in June - September. The fruits contain 5-20% sugars, about 7% organic acids (citric, malic, ursolic, quinic, etc.), 7-12% tannins of the catechol group, anthocyanins, pectin substances, myrtillin glycoside, vitamins B1, B2, PP, carotene, 10-15 mg% vitamin C and trace elements - manganese, iron, traces of radium. The amount of vitamin C in the leaves reaches 250 mg%. Blueberries are used in food in fresh and processed form. Jams, syrups, juices, fruit drinks, extracts, compotes, marmalade, liqueurs, tinctures are prepared from it. The pectins contained in the fruits give confectionery high taste qualities. Since ancient times, blueberries have been used as an astringent for dysentery, and in Russian medicine they have been used for gastric and intestinal disorders since the XNUMXth century. Scientific medicine uses dry blueberries in the form of a decoction for acute and chronic enterocolitis, especially in children, for dysentery and low acidity of gastric juice. Tannins, which are part of blueberries, determine its astringent effect. Blueberries have antiseptic properties, which is confirmed in the treatment of ulcerative-membranous and aphthous stomatitis. Pharmacological studies have established that blueberries sharpen night vision, expand the field of view, and help reduce eye fatigue during prolonged work with artificial lighting. Numerous studies have shown that the berry improves metabolic processes in the retina. Blueberries are part of the astronauts' menu. The drug mirtillin, which has a hypoglycemic effect - reduces the amount of sugar in the blood and urine, is effective in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, was obtained from its leaves and is being tested. Dry blueberries are part of fixing, gastric preparations. But long-term use of blueberry leaves in diabetes is not recommended. The leaves increase gastric secretion and are indicated for hypoacid and anacid gastritis. They have astringent, hemostatic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic and diuretic effects. Leaf infusions reduce the amount of sugar in the urine in diabetes, promote the dissolution of stones in kidney and urolithiasis. In folk medicine of various countries, the fruits and leaves of blueberries were widely used for hypoacid gastritis, digestive disorders accompanied by diarrhea, liver diseases, cholelithiasis, and rheumatism. Fresh fruits were recommended for use in hepatitis, jaundice, anemia, gout, chronic constipation. Outwardly, a decoction and infusion of berries were used as rinses for diseases of the mouth and throat. Boiled crushed berries were used for compresses for burns and skin diseases, especially for eczema and psoriasis. Enemas from the infusion of leaves were used for hemorrhoidal bleeding. Authors: Dudnichenko L.G., Krivenko V.V. Blueberry. The value of the plant, the procurement of raw materials, the use in traditional medicine and cooking
The simplest berry in the forest is blueberries. At the time of its fruiting, July - August, no matter who is in the Russian forest, whether it be an experienced naturalist or a novice visitor to green towers, the first thing they taste from the bush will be blueberries. And once you have tasted it, consider that you have become fond of collecting this dull, gray-haired, juicy berry. Let it blacken lips and teeth, but for health what! It's a healing gift that grew up in the lowest tier of the forest, where penumbra and light moist air dominate. On a summer afternoon, visiting the blueberry, bow down to these dense green thickets from the bottom of your heart to pick up delicious berries and peep into the mysteries of the forest dweller. "Go and look closely" - who does not know this indispensable commandment of nature lovers? Blueberries have become close friends with conifers, especially spruce. One of the most common forest types is blueberry boron. For many versts stretch green shafts of blueberry thickets in combination with unfading pyramids of fir trees. The berry semi-shrub stores moisture for the tree, obscures the roots from all sorts of natural adversities, but the trees in their own way "take care" of their benefactors: they create an impenetrable shadow, protecting low bushes from the scorching sun. And together they support healthy light air, saturating it with phytoncides - the destroyers of harmful microflora. The blueberry lives for a long time: the same clone can stay in place for almost a century, or even more. Then the thicket becomes decrepit and is replaced by a new one, just as the trees growing nearby fall out, being replaced. And the forest remains eternal, undying. Blueberry stalks are low, ribbed with leaves falling in winter. The scientific name of the plant brings it closer to myrtle with a similar branch, but in general, blueberries are a relative of lingonberries, from the same family. Its leaves are light green, equipped with small teeth along the edges. The lower side of the plates is dotted with a protruding network of veins. The leaves are located mainly on the tops of the branches. Berry blossoms at the end of May, when the forest celebrates the holiday of fresh foliage. The most exciting time in the living world of native nature, Blueberry flowers are shaped like tiny pitchers, pinkish in color. Honey bees collect from them smelly, reddish honey. Flowers grow from the leaf axils at the base of young twigs. Scattered singly, rarely two together. But since the bushes are extremely branched, there are so many flowers that the thicket is literally strewn with them. Berries ripen in mid-July. The blueberries are ripe! Lukoshko in hand - and into the forest. Carefully remove tender fruit balls. Do not crumple, otherwise they will stick together, disappear. The berries are sent in dry weather after the dew has disappeared. They take only ripe blueberries, only they are juicy and tender. “Look - everyone’s lips are already black, they filled the mouth ...” - I will remember a poetic line by N. A. Nekrasov. The non-simultaneous ripening of the berries makes it possible to return not empty-handed even to those who come for blueberries both a week and a month after the first harvest. Everyone will get a forest treat for a treat: take it and eat it. But if you take the harvest with a margin, you can’t waste time. The first pickers will be rewarded with the largest, most treasured berries. The signal for the beginning of the blueberry season will be the ripening of rye. In the old days, they used to say: "When blueberries ripen, so does rye." But usually they go for blueberries even before the ripe ear, the berry somewhat forestalls the wax grain. Blueberries are not only eaten fresh. They make jam, kissels, juices, syrups, tinctures and wines. They are also used in the confectionery business. Blueberry jam is easy to get. To do this, select mature berries, clean them from the stalks, branches and leaves. Then the blueberries are washed, allowed to drain, and then the berries are placed in hot sugar syrup. Cook in it for 3-4 hours until cooked. One or two kilograms of sugar is required per kilogram of blueberries. Just cook and crushed blueberries with sugar. Fresh, equally colored berries are cleaned of litter, washed well in two or three waters. After that, the blueberries are thrown back on a sieve so that the water is glass. Pure blueberries are crushed in a bowl with a wooden pusher, then the berry mass is covered with sugar (it is taken half as much as berries), mixed, heated to 70 degrees, then laid out in hot jars. Pasteurization is carried out in boiling water: half-liter jars can withstand 18 minutes, liter jars - 25. A jar of crushed blueberries, opened in winter, will remind you of fertile July, shady forest and juicy, pleasant finds collected from low bushes. Prepared from blueberries and compote. Before pouring the berries into hot glass jars, they are sorted out, cleaned and washed, just as it is done before cooking jam. To make the berries lie more densely, the jar is shaken or tapped against the palm of your hand, then poured with 45 percent syrup made from the juice of squeezed discarded berries. Cans are pasteurized in hot water, the exposure time is approximately two times less than with the same operation with crushed blueberries. Delicious blueberries in their own juice. To do this, sorted and washed berries are poured into hot glass jars, poured with fresh blueberry juice, heated to 60 degrees. Banks are covered with tin lids and pasteurized in boiling water (ten minutes). Pasteurized jars are corked with a seamer and turned over onto lids. An even simpler recipe for making "natural blueberries". Prepared berries are poured with boiled water, pasteurized like canned "blueberries in their own juice". It's good to dry blueberries for future use. Before drying in ovens or in drying cabinets, the berries are dried in the shade in free air. Then put in sieves in a heated oven. It is necessary to ensure that the shells of the fruits do not burst from excessive heat, otherwise the juice will flow out of them, and the product will lose many of its valuable qualities. Dried berries do not stick together into lumps and do not get your hands dirty. Their outer color is black, with red, inside - purple. The fruits taste sweet and sour, brownish seeds are enclosed inside the pulp. Dried blueberries are stored in a dry place. It is used against diarrhea, with catarrh of the stomach, it is especially useful for those who suffer from low acidity. Folk medicine once made extensive use of blueberries. Her drugs were treated for kidney stones, gout, anemia and rheumatism. The method of use is simple; for 20 parts of water take one part of dried berries. Insist 8 hours in a cold way. Such a drink can also be taken as a vitamin. Blueberry juice is an excellent remedy for inflammation of the gums, oral cavity, pharynx and larynx. If there is no pre-prepared juice at hand, they resort to the help of berry broth. Healing and densely boiled blueberries are applied to weeping eczema, burns and putrefactive ulcers. Blueberries improve visual acuity. Who eats a lot of it - sees better. Well, because these berries contain sugar, malic and citric acids, manganese, iron, pectin, tannins and dyes. Useful in blueberries and leaves. They make teas that help with diseases of the bladder, as well as diabetes. Infusion recipe: a tablespoon of crushed dry leaves in a glass of boiling water. Take three times a day for a glass. The leaves are harvested at the time of flowering of the semi-shrub, in late May - early June, when they are especially rich in myrtillin, a healing active substance. Of course, before taking any folk remedies, you should consult your doctor. In addition to the food industry, where soft drinks, wines and liquors are tinted with blueberries, these forest gifts are also used in the dye industry. In a mixture with other substances, fabrics are dyed with blueberries, and some paints for artists are also prepared from it. The leaves and stems of the plant have long been used to tan leather into brown and yellow colors. Blueberries are found in the Caucasus. These are no longer bushes, but reference trees. Berries outwardly and taste reminiscent of ordinary berries from the Russian forest. The leaves are suitable for making tea. From one branch and tea, and jam ... Author: Strizhev A.N.
Common blueberry (blueberry myrtle), Vaccinium myrtillus. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology
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Common blueberry (blueberry myrtle), Vaccinium myrtillus. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing
Common blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) is a berry plant that can be grown both in the garden and in the summer cottage. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing blueberries: Cultivation:
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