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CULTURAL AND WILD PLANTS
Chamomile officinalis (chamomile). Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application
Directory / Cultivated and wild plants Content
Chamomile officinalis (chamomile), Matricaria chamomilla. Photos of the plant, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism Sort by: Feverfew Family: Asteraceae (Asteraceae) Origin: Europe, West Asia Area: Chamomile is common in Europe, Western Asia and North Africa. It is currently grown in many regions of the world including North America, South America, Australia and New Zealand. Chemical composition: The essential oil of chamomile medicinal contains α-bisabolol, α-bisabolol oxide, azulenes, carvacrol, farnesol, geraniol, identol, camphor, caryophyllene, linalol, methylamyl alcohol, pinene, thujone and other components. Economic value: Chamomile officinalis is widely used in herbal medicine to treat stress, insomnia, headaches, as well as to improve digestion and treat gastrointestinal diseases. It is also used in the cosmetic and perfume industry. In cooking, chamomile is used to flavor tea, compotes, desserts and confectionery. Legends, myths, symbolism: In ancient Greek mythology, the chamomile was dedicated to the goddess Juno, who was the goddess of marriage, motherhood and femininity. Chamomile was associated with Juno because of its fragrance and bright golden color, which was associated with the sun and warmth. The Romans used chamomile to make wreaths that they wore on their heads during festivals. The symbolic meaning of chamomile is related to its healing properties. Chamomile is known for its soothing and anti-inflammatory properties, so it can symbolize peace, calm, and healing. In addition, its bright golden coloring can symbolize solar energy and a positive attitude.
Chamomile officinalis (chamomile), Matricaria chamomilla. Description, illustrations of the plant Chamomile. Legends, myths, history
Through the years and centuries, a trail of romance, mystery, magic rushes after chamomile. A beauty in a snow-white dress, a faithful friend of lovers, an indispensable particle of a girl's amulet wreath and a luxurious bouquet of wild flowers. Infinitely kind chamomile, both in ancient times and today, does not leave indifferent poets, storytellers, and artists. Craftswomen-embroiderers decorated towels, tablecloths with daisies and believed that flowers embroidered on shirt sleeves would protect them from illness and the evil eye. They say that where a star falls, a chamomile blooms and that daisies are small suns that connect many holy paths-petals. And there is also a legend that says that in ancient times daisies were umbrellas for little steppe gnomes. When it started to rain, the dwarfs picked a camomile, held it over their heads and remained dry. Chamomile story. Once upon a time there lived a forest fairy. Where she appeared, nature came to life, amazing flowers bloomed. She knew how to heal and both people and animals came to her for help, and she did not refuse anyone. The fairy fell in love with the young shepherd. He used to fly to the meadow where he grazes a herd, hide in the crown of a tree and listen to him play the pipe. Finally, the forest fairy decided to go out to the shepherd. He saw her and fell in love without memory. They began to meet every day, and the fairy endowed her lover with the gift of healing. She revealed to him the secrets of herbs and flowers, trees and stones. The shepherd began to treat people, but not just like that, but took a lot of money for it. He got rich, stopped herding the herd. Less and less often he came to the forest clearing, where the fairy was waiting for him. And soon I completely forgot about it. Hiding in a tree crown, the forest fairy did not stop waiting for her lover. She shed bitter tears, and the more she cried, the less and less she became. So all the tears came out. And where tears fell, chamomile flowers grew there. They stand, pull their hands-stalks to the sun, drop petals-teardrops: they love - they don’t love, they will come - they won’t come. They feel tears of human pain and help everyone who, with a pure soul, asks them for help. Meanwhile, the shepherd, with every tear, was losing the strength that the forest fairy had given him. And the day came when all his strength was gone and luck left. People turned away from him. Then the shepherd remembered his fairy, came to the meadow - to the place where they met, lo and behold, the whole field was strewn with daisies. He began to call the forest fairy, but there was only silence all around, only daisies pulled their heads towards him, as if they were fawning. The shepherd became sad and returned to his flock. And daisies have since helped lovers to understand their feelings.
According to another legend, a long time ago a girl lived in a distant village. She was beautiful as the dawn, gentle as a breath of wind and slender as a birch. The girl was very fond of the young man from the neighboring village. His name was Roman. And Roman loved her too. The lovers were inseparable, every day they walked through the forest, picking berries, mushrooms, flowers. Once Roman had a dream that an old man in some unknown country was presenting him with a hitherto unseen flower - with a bright yellow core and white elongated petals. Waking up, Roman saw a flower from a dream on the bed and on the same day gave it to his beloved. The girl was delighted with such an unusual gift, but she became sad that not all lovers can enjoy the beauty and tenderness of this flower, and she asked Roman to collect a whole bouquet of amazing flowers. Roman could not refuse his beloved and the next day he set off. For a long time he wandered around the world and finally found the Realm of Dreams. His ruler agreed to give his beloved a whole field of daisies, only if Roman would forever remain in his possessions. The young man was ready for anything for the sake of his girlfriend, and sadly agreed. The girl waited a long time for Roman's return, but he did not knock on her door. And when one morning she saw a chamomile field near her house, she realized that her lover would not return, and she named these flowers daisies after him. Author: Martyanova L.M.
Chamomile, Marticaria recutita L. var. Marticaria chamomilla L. Botanical description, range and habitats, chemical composition, use in medicine and industry
Synonyms: mother grass, peeled chamomile, romaine, blush, etc. An annual herbaceous plant with a highly branched stem up to 35 cm high, of the Asteraceae family (Compositae). The leaves are alternate, doubly pinnately dissected into linear segments. The flowers are collected in baskets with a conical hollow receptacle. Marginal flowers - white reed female, middle flowers - yellow tubular bisexual. The fruit is an oblong achene with 3 ribs, 0,8-1 mm long, 0,25 mm wide. Range and habitats. Chamomile has a Holarctic type of range, has spread as an adventive plant in almost all extratropical regions of both hemispheres and has become naturalized in many of them. It is found almost throughout Europe (from Scandinavia, where it reaches 63 ° 45′ N, to the Mediterranean Sea), in many parts of Asia and North America. Cultivated in many countries as a medicinal plant. Chemical composition. Flower baskets contain 0,2-0,8% essential oil, which includes chamazulene. It is a thick liquid of dark blue color, sparingly soluble in water. In addition, it contains terpene, about 10% sesquiterpene, cadinene, tricyclic alcohol, caprylic and isovaleric acids. Flower baskets contain apiin, which upon hydrolysis gives apigenin, glucose and apiose; prochamazulene matricin, lactone matrikarin, umbeliferon and its methyl ester herniarin; dioxycoumarins, triacanthane CzoHgv, choline, phytosterol, salicylic acid, glycerides of fatty acids - oleic, linoleic, palmitic, stearic, as well as ascorbic acid, carotene, bitterness, mucus, gum. Application in medicine. Chamomile officinalis is used as an infusion inside as an antispasmodic for diseases of the digestive system, for spastic chronic colitis accompanied by fermentation in the intestines, gastritis, to stimulate bile secretion; externally used for rinsing the mouth and throat with tonsillitis, laryngitis, etc. Chamomile is often used in combination with other plants and individual substances. With paraproctitis, colitis, inflammation of hemorrhoids, cleansing emulsion enemas are prescribed. Chamomile essential oil has disinfectant and anti-inflammatory properties due to the presence of chamazulene in it. With the presence of glycosides, an increase in the secretion of the gastrointestinal tract, increased bile secretion and arousal of appetite are associated. Chamomile glycosides have a weak atropine-like effect, relax smooth muscles, eliminate spasms of the abdominal organs. Other uses. The photoprotective efficacy of chamomile extracts is known. In cosmetics, it is used in products for children (soaps, creams, lotions), toothpastes, face and hand creams, lipsticks, tanning products, body oils, shampoos and conditioners. Chamomile extract contains flavonoids combined with vitamin C to provide an antioxidant complex that protects the skin from environmental aggressors. Therefore, it is introduced into the composition of a new generation of decorative cosmetics (with biologically active additives). In everyday life, they wash their face with a decoction of chamomile, believing that the skin at the same time acquires velvety and softness. Chamomile extract has the ability to absorb toxins and products of cellular metabolism. Beauticians recommend that they wash themselves instead of soap. Chamomile extract is part of cleansing cosmetics, tonics, lip care products. Cosmetic masks, which include chamomile oil, are recommended for dry skin and help cleanse and regenerate it, improve its structure. Chamomile tincture is part of nourishing creams that normalize metabolic processes in the skin, tone and nourish it.
Chamomile extract has anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, softening, analgesic, moisturizing, regenerating, soothing and wound-healing effects on the skin. Chamomile is a part of cosmetic products for the care of sensitive and problem skin. A decoction of chamomile is washed with persistent redness of the face and rosacea. Chamomile extract is part of the products for and after shaving, disinfecting and softening the skin. Chamomile, along with real aloe, has become an indispensable component of moisturizing lipstick and other decorative cosmetics. The polysaccharides and muconopolysaccharides contained in it have the ability to form a polymer network in water, and tend to form a film on the skin that retains moisture. Humidity at the surface of the skin creates conditions for the action of flavonoids - water-soluble antioxidants. Polysaccharides and flavonoids also have a wound-healing property and, when small wounds appear, do not allow them to penetrate inside. Chamomile extract is part of moisturizing creams for any type of facial skin. From a decoction or infusion of chamomile, lotions are made on the eyes to prevent their fatigue, inflammation and redness. With dry skin of the hands, the appearance of cracks, baths from chamomile decoction have a softening effect. Chamomile essential oil is part of anti-cellulite creams. Chamomile decoction is recommended to rinse oily hair after washing or clean it with a mixture of strong chamomile infusion and alcohol. For dry hair, you can make a cream at home from infusion of chamomile and lanolin. An infusion of a mixture of stems or roots of rhubarb, chamomile flowers and tea colors hair in the color of pure gold. There are various recipes for lightening hair with chamomile. Chamomile infusion has a light coloring effect on blond hair, giving it a golden hue. To strengthen blond hair, it is recommended to lubricate them with a tincture of a mixture of chamomile and rosemary. A mixture of chamomile, celandine, string and other plants in the Ukrainian Polissya was used to prepare fragrant baths and fonts for infants. In the food industry, chamomile essential oil is used to flavor liqueurs, wines (for example, sherry) and bitters, chamomile leaves are used as a spice. The aerial part is used as a substitute for tea. Chamomile oil is used as a solvent for dyeing porcelain. Authors: Turova A.D., Sapozhnikova E.N.
Chamomile, Chamomilla recutita (L.) Rauschert. Botanical description, distribution, chemical composition, features of use
Aster family - Asteraceae. An annual plant 15-60 cm high. Rod roots. Stem branched from base, rarely simple, hollow. The leaves are alternate, sessile, double- or triple-trisected into narrow-linear segments. Flowers of two types are marginal - reed, pistillate, white, with five teeth at the top; internal - tubular, bisexual, golden yellow. Inflorescences - baskets, the bed of the basket is hollow, bare, semi-spherical at the beginning of flowering, elongated at the end of flowering and with fruits. The fruit is an elongated brown-green achene. Blooms in May - September. The fruits ripen in July - September. It grows in wastelands, fallow lands, along roadsides, in crops, in saline meadows and steppe areas. It occurs almost throughout Europe (from Scandinavia, where it reaches 63 ° 45 'N, to the Mediterranean Sea), in many parts of Asia and North America. Recent years have been characterized by a steady downward trend in natural resource potential. Dozens of tons are harvested annually.
The aerial part of the plant contains essential oil, its yield is 0,2-0,9%, in polyploid varieties - 1-1,2%. The essential oil obtained from the flowers and stems of chamomile is a thick liquid of dark blue color with a characteristic strong odor and bitter taste. The essential oil is characterized by a high content of sesquiterpene compounds - hydrocarbons and alcohols, as well as azulenes. It contains farnesene, cadinene, alpha-bisabolol, chamazulene (4-14%, in polyploids - up to 17-18%), umbelliferone methyl ester, nonyl, isovaleric and capric acids. The flavonoid apiin, apigenin, glycoside herniarin, lactone matrikarin, matricin, quercimethrin, dioxycoumarin, triacanthin, choline, phytosterol, carotene, salicylic, ascorbic, nicotinic acids, thiamine, riboflavin, glycerides of oleic, linoleic, palmitic and stearic acid, mucus, resins, bitter substances. Chamomile flowers and essential oil are used in the alcoholic beverage and perfume industries in the preparation of creams, lotions, shampoos. Chamazulene, contained in the essential oil, determines the anti-inflammatory effect of the plant, weakens allergic reactions and enhances tissue regeneration processes. Apigenin and apiin isolated from chamomile, relaxing smooth muscles, have an antispasmodic effect. Preparations from chamomile inflorescences (infusion, essential oil, liquid extract, collection and tea) are used for rinsing the mouth and throat with tonsillitis, catarrh of the respiratory tract and stomatitis, with anacid gastritis, colitis, as a means of increasing appetite, as a choleretic, antispasmodic gastric colic, in cosmetic practice - for washing hair and making it soft and shiny. Infusion and tea are used orally and in enemas for flatulence, as an astringent, diaphoretic, externally - for rinsing, lotions and baths for x-ray burns. In Western European medicine, chamomile medicinal preparations are also used for stomach ulcers and as an antihelminthic. In folk medicine, chamomile was used for migraine, insomnia, malaria, uterine bleeding, constipation, irritability, as an analgesic for toothache, as an anti-influenza, for diseases of the liver, kidneys, and also externally for lotions and washings for eczema, allergies, ulcers, boils , hemorrhoids, gout, rheumatism, laryngitis, conjunctivitis. Flowers can dye wool yellow. Authors: Dudchenko L.G., Kozyakov A.S., Krivenko V.V.
Chamomile. Basic information about the plant, use in cooking
One of the most popular products that are widely used in home and official cosmetics, medicine. In Poland, chamomile is considered an indispensable component of many medical and cosmetic masks that give the skin a pleasant matte tone and softness, relieve tension and eliminate wrinkles. A strong steam of chamomile flowers is mixed with honey, raw egg yolk and almond oil. The cream is moistened with two or three layers of gauze and applied to the face. Hold the mask for 10-15 minutes, rinse with warm water, dry the skin and lubricate with a day cream. Such masks are especially effective for premature lethargy and flabbiness of the skin, a decrease in the tone of the subcutaneous muscles. Often, masks are used from a pure vapor of chamomile flowers. Three tablespoons of flowers are poured with a glass of boiling water and left to infuse for 10-12 hours. Napar, heated to room temperature, together with flowers laid between two layers of gauze or soft linen, is applied to the face for 10-15 minutes, wrapped with a soft terry towel . After removing the mask, the face is smeared with a nourishing cream. They take equal amounts of chamomile flowers, sage grass, flowers, or better petals of calendula, St. John's wort and wormwood and insist for a day. Ice from a mixture of these herbs is the best remedy for tightening pores, removing blackheads and dark spots on the neck. After ice, it is not recommended to do a hot compress, but to limit yourself to washing with cold water and lubricating with a low-fat nourishing cream. As an external chamomile and its preparations are used in the form of compresses on frostbite and scalded places, for washing inflamed eyelids and eyes, for rinsing the mouth, washing the head with dry dandruff and hair loss. A steam bath of chamomile helps well, cleansing oily skin and softening severe plugs, acne. A steam bath is done two to three times a week. With dry flaky skin, ordinary baths are useful, in which a gauze bag with chamomile flowers is lowered for several minutes. Such a tonic bath is recommended to be taken every other day for two weeks. An excellent additive to toilet water, purchased creams is an alcohol infusion of chamomile flowers. They take 10 g of flowers and pour 10 g of a solution of alcohol with a strength of 50 degrees or vodka and insist for a week. The infusion is drained, filtered through several layers of gauze and topped up with eau de toilette or mixed with cream.
For compresses-lotions after shaving, a spoonful of crushed chamomile flowers is brewed in a glass of boiling water for 10-15 minutes. Infusions for lotions with eye fatigue are not made very strong - one teaspoon of dried flowers per glass of water. A cotton swab moistened with infusion is applied to the eyelids and eyes for 5 minutes. You can pour chamomile infusion into a basin, dip your face and open and close your eyes 10-15 times. With swelling and blueness under the eyes in the morning before eating, they drink a glass of decoction or tea from chamomile herb without sugar. Chamomile infusion stains hair in a light golden color. For blond hair, take 100-200 g of flowers and brew in 0,5 liters of hot water, boil for 5 minutes, insist for about an hour and rinse your hair with it a few minutes after washing. Air dry hair without wiping. In summer, for tired legs, they make a bath of chamomile decoction with a pinch of salt. With keratinization on the skin of the legs and the formation of deep cracks, hot baths are made overnight from chamomile decoction. A tablespoon of dry grass and flowers is poured into 0,5-1,0 liters of boiling water and boiled for 10 minutes. Use filtered and slightly cooled broth. After the bath, it is recommended to bandage your feet with a softening cream. To prepare a therapeutic and hygienic and tonic cream from chamomile, take 50 g of butter, 2-3 tablespoons of vegetable oil and melt in a water bath. Two yolks and two tablespoons of honey are added to the mixture, thoroughly rubbed and half a tablespoon of glycerin mixed with a quarter cup of infusion of chamomile flowers and 30 g of camphor alcohol are added. The mixture is thoroughly mixed to a homogeneous viscous mass and stored in a tightly closed glass container. For infusion, take 2-3 g of flowers per cup of boiling water. Napar insist 2-3 hours, strain. The cream can be stored up to 6 months without losing its properties. Cold infusion of chamomile is washed with the expansion of the pores of the skin of the face. Author: Reva M.L.
Chamomile. Botanical description, plant history, legends and folk traditions, cultivation and use
Daisies are similar in shape to umbrellas, and according to legend, in ancient times they were umbrellas for small steppe gnomes. It will start to rain in the steppe, the dwarf will cover himself with a chamomile or pick it and walk across the steppe, raising the flower above his head. The rain knocks on the chamomile umbrella, trickles down from it, and the dwarf remains completely dry. And daisies look like surprised eyes. If on a dry windy day you go out into the meadow and listen carefully, you can hear a quiet rustle - this is the rustle of white chamomile eyelashes. The surprised eyes of a chamomile for seven whole months - from April to September - look at the sky, trying to understand the movement of clouds, stars and planets. They look, they look, they get tired, and that's when they begin to blink their white eyelashes. It seems to lean towards the flower, and it will tell you the most intimate secrets. And chamomile has a great many secrets. She is the progenitor of a lush large-flowered chrysanthemum. If we put a chamomile next to the majestic chrysanthemum and look from the side, we will see: the chrysanthemum is magnificent, majestic and festive, but there is no sweet simplicity of chamomile in it. There are a great many chamomiles: common and popovnik chamomile, Roman, German, Dalmatian, Caucasian, Persian, even "golden" chamomile from the American prairies - there are a total of three hundred and fifty species. The most famous of the five genera of daisies is the daisy with large white-yellow inflorescences, according to the folk popovnik. In terms of the number of names, the daisy cannot keep up with the daisy. As soon as they don’t call her, white-haired, forest maryasha, white-headed, squirrel-grass, sunflower, Ivanov color, bachelorette party, daughter-in-law, chamomile, kralka, vorozhka and even the truth - the last name is probably given because chamomile is a favorite flower for wreaths and an adviser to girls in matters of the heart, in divination. Beekeepers praise him for his honey-bearing capacity, and healers-healers heal toothache, fever and colds with a priest. Salads are prepared from young leaves of popovnik, and its green buds are marinated in vinegar. The most turbulent time for the flowering of the cornflower is the middle of summer, when an innumerable armada of its snow-white heads floats in the wind like a foamy surf, symbolizing, together with the birch, the unique Russian landscape. No less famous are chamomile and Dalmatian chamomile, which are famous for their medicinal properties. So, chamomile flowers (ordinary) have a strong anti-inflammatory effect, weaken allergic processes and accelerate tissue healing. Chamomile on the vine has insecticidal properties. If you plant them around apple trees, the trees will not suffer from the codling moth, they protect cabbage from caterpillars, phloxes and other flowers from aphids, and even scare away field mice from plants.
The history of the appearance of odorous chamomile is interesting. Her homeland is America. Back in the forties of the last century, it was shown as a rarity in the St. Petersburg Botanical Garden. But within thirty or forty years it spread throughout Russia. Like a weed, it got into the holds of steamships along with American grain, then went by rail. There were holes in the bags from the loaders' hooks, cracks in the floors of the cars, and small seeds of American chamomile scattered along the railroad track. Soon the railway embankments were covered with soft and fragrant grass. The manuals of folk healers say: "Whoever has a sore throat, take a glass of skimmed milk, a glass of water and one pinch of chamomile, linden honey and elderberry, mix everything together, boil, strain through a rag, cool like fresh milk, and drink instead of tea" . It is known that hair washed in chamomile decoction acquires a beautiful golden hue. And whoever often washes with her strong broth, the skin of his face becomes velvety and tender. Chamomile is useful to keep in closets and kitchens, where food is stored. Where this plant is decomposed, there will be no mice. Author: Krasikov S.
Chamomile officinalis (chamomile), Matricaria chamomilla. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology
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Chamomile officinalis (chamomile), Matricaria chamomilla. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing
Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla) is one of the most well-known medicinal plants used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing chamomile officinalis: Cultivation:
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