What is the strength of a diamond? Detailed answer

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What is the strength of a diamond? Detailed answer

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What is the strength of a diamond?

If you have some putty, what do you do to make it thicker and harder? You knead it, squeeze it, and the more you knead it, the tighter it becomes.

Diamonds have also been created in nature. Hundreds of millions of years ago, the surface of the Earth gradually cooled. At that time, a huge mass of molten rock was located at a depth. It was exposed to high temperatures and high pressure. Carbon under the influence of such pressure turned into what we today call "diamonds".

Diamonds are the hardest substances on Earth. However, it is very difficult to accurately determine the value of "hardness". When determining hardness, one mineral is scratched by another. In 1820, the scientist Moos proposed, based on a similar technique, a table of the hardness of minerals. According to this table, the minerals are arranged as follows, depending on their hardness: 1. Talc. 2. Gypsum. 3. Calcites. 4. Fluorites. 5. Apatite. 6. Feldspar. 7. Quartz. 8. Topaz. 9. Corundum. 10. Diamond.

But these data are in relation to one mineral to another. However, it turned out that, despite the ninth place for corundum and the tenth place for diamond, their difference in hardness is greater than the difference between the ninth and first places. Therefore, nothing can compare with diamonds in terms of hardness.

Then, if diamonds are so hard, how are they cut? A diamond can only be cut with another diamond! Diamond cutters use tools whose cutting edges are coated with diamond dust.

Diamond wheels for polishing and cutting are used in industry for various purposes, for example, when polishing optical glasses, when making all kinds of tools from copper, bronze, and other metals, when cutting glass. Today, more than 80% of mined diamonds are used in industry!

Author: Likum A.

Random interesting fact from the Great Encyclopedia:

In what religion are Lenin, Shakespeare and Joan of Arc considered saints?

Followers of the Cao Dai religion, widespread in Vietnam, worship the deity of the same name, but they consider the leaders of many other religions and not only to be saints. On the first rank of holiness in Kaodai - Buddha, on the second - Confucius. In the third step, in addition to Jesus, Mohammed and Moses, there are also Lenin, Shakespeare, Joan of Arc and Victor Hugo.

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Random news from the Archive

Fujifilm X-T2 mirrorless camera 08.07.2016

Fujifilm introduced the X-T2 mirrorless camera. The novelty uses a Fujifilm X-TransTM CMOS III APS-C 24,3 MP image sensor that does not have an optical low-pass filter, which increases the detail of images. Data processing is entrusted to the X Processor Pro processor. The camera turn-on time is only 0,3s, the interval between shots is 0,17s, the shutter release delay is 0,045s.

The manufacturer notes that even with an increase in resolution of one and a half times compared to the X-T1 model, progress in the field of noise reduction made it possible to introduce ISO 12800 into the main sensitivity range, which in the X-T1 belonged to the extended range. Extended range now limited to ISO 100 and 51200 The camera is said to keep noise low, producing deep blacks and smooth tonal gradation even at very high ISOs when shooting in low light.

Innovations include the ACROS mode for creating black and white images that are superior in quality to images obtained with the previous Monochrome mode. The X-T2 also features a "Grain Effect" that captures the signature character of film shots.

Another innovation is 4K video recording (at up to 30 fps) and a bit rate of 100 Mbps. At 1080p, the frame rate can be increased up to 60 fps. Film Simulation modes can also be applied to video. Supports Clean HDMI video signal and F-Log gamma correction.

The camera uses a hybrid autofocus system with an increased number of points compared to the previous model. In the description of the camera, the manufacturer draws attention to the user settings of the AF-C mode.

In the equipment of the device, one can distinguish an electronic viewfinder of the OLED type with a resolution of 2,36 million dots, which is characterized by a magnification of 0,77x and an inertia of only 0,005 s. The equipment also includes a movable three-inch display, two SD slots, a Wi-Fi module. The body of the X-T2 is made of magnesium alloy and sealed, which ensures protection against dust and moisture. The chamber keeps working capacity at temperatures up to -10 °С.

Camera dimensions - 133 x 92 x 49 mm, weight - 507 g. Without recharging the battery, you can take 340 shots. The optional VPB-XT2 battery pack, also dust and moisture resistant and capable of operating in temperatures as low as -10°C, holds two batteries for a total of up to 1000 shots. The battery pack has duplicated shutter button, focus point selection joystick, AE-L and AF-L buttons, command dials, and Q and Fn buttons. Camera accessories also include the BLC-XT2 leather case and the MHG-XT2 optional grip.

Suggested retail price Fujifilm X-T2 - 1600 USD, with lens XF18-55mmF2.8-4 R LM OIS - 1900 USD.

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