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CULTURAL AND WILD PLANTS
Cloudberry. Legends, myths, symbolism, description, cultivation, methods of application
Directory / Cultivated and wild plants Content
Cloudberry, Rubus chamaemorus. Photos of the plant, basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism
Basic scientific information, legends, myths, symbolism Sort by: Rubus Family: Rosaceae (pink) Origin: The cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus) is native to the subarctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere, including Northern Europe, Siberia and Alaska. Area: Cloudberry grows in subarctic and cold climatic zones, in Russia, Scandinavia, Alaska, Canada, Greenland and some other regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Chemical composition: Cloudberry contains a large amount of vitamin C, carotene, flavonoids, phenolic compounds and other biologically active substances. In addition, cloudberries contain mineral salts, organic acids and sugars. Economic value: Cloudberry is a popular food item in the northern regions where it is grown and harvested. It is used to make jam, juice, sweets, marmalade and other products. Cloudberries are also often used in medicine and cosmetics for their nutritional and antioxidant properties, which help fight free radicals and reduce the risk of certain diseases. Legends, myths, symbolism: In some cultures, cloudberries have been a symbol of magic and mystery. For example, in some Scandinavian countries there is a legend that cloudberries help to see hidden things and talk to spirits. In the Celts, cloudberries were associated with the goddess of war, Morrigan, who was also the goddess of fate and magic. In other cultures, cloudberries were a symbol of fertility and abundance. In Russia, cloudberries were associated with autumn holidays such as Thanksgiving and were a symbol of abundance and wealth. In England, cloudberries were associated with summer and the midsummer solstice celebrations, and were also used in cooking and medicine. Also, cloudberries were a symbol of health and well-being.
Cloudberry, Rubus chamaemorus. Description, illustrations of the plant Cloudberry, Rubus chamaemorum L. Botanical description, history of origin, nutritional value, cultivation, use in cooking, medicine, industry
Perennial creeping herbaceous plant up to 35 cm high. The stem departs from a strongly branched creeping rhizome. The leaves are large, heart-shaped, lobed. Flowers solitary, white. The fruit is a combined large drupe, shaped like a raspberry; the pulp is dense, sweet with a slight sourness, the stone is large. Blooms in early June. Cloudberry grows mainly in the northern hemisphere, in the moss swamps of the tundra and forest zone. It has not been introduced into culture. Nevertheless, the wild berry is protected, sanctuaries are created. Cloudberry ripens in the northern latitudes, the first among berry plants. Ripe berries are bright yellow, similar to amber, unripe - red. Therefore, cloudberries are called "berry in reverse." Cloudberries are rich in vitamins K, C, carotene, organic acids (mainly citric, malic, salicylic). There are sugars, tannins and pectin, fiber, magnesium, calcium, iron; chromium, copper, silicon, etc. were found. The leaves contain many phenolic compounds, tannins, aromatic and mineral substances. Cloudberries have long been used by the people for medicinal purposes. Its fruits increase appetite, normalize digestion. They are used as an antiscorbutic, thirst quencher. Fresh fruits have an anti-inflammatory and diaphoretic effect. Their hemostatic and diuretic properties are known. Cloudberry is widely used in dietary nutrition. Weakened and sick people recommend cloudberries with honey or sugar. In the absence of appetite, juice diluted with water helps. Fruit puree is useful for children, as it contains vitamins, microelements and other biologically active substances. It has been established that cloudberry juice has a phytoncidal property, so it is used to rinse the mouth and throat in inflammatory processes. Juice diluted with water retains bactericidal properties even when frozen when stored for six to seven months, and soaked cloudberries - up to two years. Cloudberry leaves are also healing. Infusion and decoction of the leaves are taken for scurvy, diarrhea, internal bleeding. They are also recommended for gout, dropsy, beriberi, metabolic disorders. Cloudberries are an excellent dietary high-vitamin product. They have a pleasant sweet and sour taste and a light aroma. They are consumed fresh: in addition, jelly, jelly, marmalade, and jam are prepared from them. Fruits are also harvested for future use: they are preserved in their own juice, wetted, poured with cold water or frozen. Authors: Kretsu L.G., Domashenko L.G., Sokolov M.D.
Cloudberry, Rubus chamaemorus L. Description, habitats, nutritional value, use in cooking
Cloudberry is a perennial herbaceous plant from the Rosaceae family, with annual pubescent stems 8-12 cm long. Flowers solitary, white. The fruit is a complex orange-yellow drupe, red when unripe. The berries are spherical, up to 2 cm in diameter. Cloudberry grows on moss and peat bogs. The fruits contain 30 mg of vitamin C, 7,9 mg of carotene, up to 4% sugars, citric and malic acids (1,3%), tannins, pectins (0,3%). Berries are used for food - fresh, soaked, pickled, in the form of jam, compotes, jelly, liqueurs and jelly. In the northern regions, cloudberries serve as a good antiscorbutic agent, and canned together with the stalks, it has an anti-inflammatory, hemostatic and diuretic effect. Therefore, in dietary nutrition, these beneficial properties of cloudberries must be taken into account. Weakened and sick people are given cloudberries with honey and sugar. In the absence of appetite, cloudberry juice diluted with water is taken. Cloudberry puree is especially useful for children. The inhabitants of the northern regions have always appreciated this berry and prepared it for the future for the long winter. In winter, cloudberries were a good supplier of vitamins and microelements, organic acids and pectin substances. Author: Koshcheev A.K.
Cloudberry, Rubus chamaemorus. Botanical description of the plant, area, methods of application, cultivation
The Latin name of the genus Rubus comes from "ruber" (red) and is associated with the color of raspberries. The scientific specific name chamaemorus comes from the ancient Greek chamae ("on the ground") and the Latin morus ("mulberry"). "Cloudberry" is both the name of the plant and its fruits. In ancient times, this berry was called "marsh amber", "bog eyes", "marsh guard". In the north, the name "royal berry" took root. Herbaceous or semi-shrub plant up to 30 cm high, with a creeping rhizome. The stems are thin, erect, with 2-3 leaves and one apical flower with white petals. The leaves are wrinkled, rounded kidney-shaped, five-lobed, unevenly crenate along the edge. Flowers unisexual, solitary, white. The plant is dioecious, i.e. staminate (male) and pistillate (female) flowers are on different plants, male flowers are somewhat larger. Sepals and petals five; stamens and pistils numerous. It blooms in June-July, and after 40-45 days the berries ripen. The fruit is a combined drupe up to 1,5 cm in diameter, reminiscent of raspberries in shape, but has a special smell and taste, and is sweet. Unripe berries are yellow-red, with some "creakiness", dense, and mature ones are orange, almost transparent, reminiscent of pure bright amber. The fruits are harvested in July-August, the roots are harvested in late autumn. Cloudberry grows in the northern hemisphere from 78°N to about 55°N. In very rare cases it occurs down to 44°N, but mostly in mountainous areas. It is also found in the middle zone of the European part of Russia, in Belarus, in Siberia, in the Far East. Sometimes cultivated. It grows in peat bogs, swampy forests, moss and shrub tundra, in the arctic and northern forest zone. Cloudberry berries are adjacent to lingonberries, crowberries, blueberries, blueberries, wild rosemary often grows nearby, a lot of sphagnum moss. Such places are favorite pastures of white partridges and lekking capercaillie.
Mature berries contain sugars (6%), proteins (0,8%), fiber (3,8%), organic acids: malic, citric - (0,8%); vitamins C (30-200 mg), B (0,02 mg), PP (0,15%), A; minerals: a lot of potassium, phosphorus, iron, cobalt, anthocyanins, tannins and pectin. Cloudberries are a rich source of nutrients, so cloudberries contain 4 times more vitamin C than oranges. Cloudberry fruits have a rich taste, are used in various forms - fresh, in the form of jam, juice, marmalade, jam, compote. Cloudberry berries are stored for a long time in a soaked form. In Finland and Sweden, cloudberry liqueur is produced, which is popular among foreign tourists. Cloudberries are used in dietary and clinical nutrition, for the treatment of cardiovascular and gastrointestinal diseases, burns and skin diseases, for heavy metal poisoning, as an anti-febrile agent. Cloudberry berries have antimicrobial, diaphoretic, antispasmodic effects. In terms of provitamin A content, cloudberries are superior to carrots. Cloudberries are a source of tocopherols, which are necessary for the normal course of pregnancy and the birth of a healthy child. Fruits can be used as an aid in the treatment of beriberi and hypovitaminosis. In addition, they have a diuretic effect. The berry is used as a thirst quencher, which is useful for colds. Cloudberries with honey can be given when feeding debilitated patients. Cloudberry is able to enhance blood clotting, has a fixing effect. Cloudberry juice lubricates the areas of skin affected by scabies. Cloudberry leaves have astringent, wound healing, anti-inflammatory, hemostatic and diuretic effects. A decoction of the leaves is used for ascites. They can be used as an aid in diarrhea, dropsy, cystitis, gout and metabolic disorders. Infusion of leaves is used as an anti-inflammatory and wound healing agent for internal bleeding, diarrhea. Cloudberry roots are used as a diuretic, for nephrolithiasis, beriberi, metabolic disorders, for colds and malaria. Fruits and leaves in the form of infusion are taken in folk medicine as a diuretic, for gastritis with low acidity, malignant tumors. Cloudberry is effective in the treatment of non-healing wounds. In this case, berries and other parts of the plant are used - leaves, roots and sepals. One of the common diseases of the inhabitants of the polar countries is scurvy. The name of this disease among the Nenets - singa, sigga - is borrowed from the Russians, but methods of dealing with it were found long before their arrival. Therefore, alien people suffered more from scurvy, until they borrowed medicines from the Nenets, Khanty, Pomors, Evens, Koryaks, Chukchi and Eskimos, which included cloudberries. Khanty and Nenets use cloudberry leaves as a dressing and hemostatic material. Khanty apply cloudberry leaves lubricated with fish oil to festering wounds to speed up their release from pus, changing them twice a day. Cloudberry should not be consumed with gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer and gastritis with high acidity. Cloudberry is a food and medicinal plant. In addition, cloudberry flowers provide honey bees with nectar and pollen, and the berries themselves are a source of food for numerous animals of the tundra and forest zones.
Cloudberry. reference Information
Perennial herbaceous plant 10-25 cm high, rose family. Fruits - prefabricated drupes of 2-20 drupes with a separating fruit, orange, with a characteristic taste and smell. They are quite sweet, contain up to 5% sugars, citric and malic acids, a small amount of tannins, and up to 30 mg% of vitamin C. They are eaten fresh, steamed or soaked, in winemaking, for the preparation of jelly-like products, jam or juice. Cloudberry is a good vitamin remedy, especially widely used in the northern regions. Cloudberry fruits have long been used in folk medicine for the treatment and prevention of scurvy, as a diaphoretic and anti-inflammatory agent, infusion of fruits, leaves and roots - as a diuretic, infusion of leaves - as an astringent for gastrointestinal disorders, hemostatic for internal bleeding and wound healing. Authors: Dudnichenko L.G., Krivenko V.V.
Cloudberry. The history of growing a plant, economic importance, cultivation, use in cooking
What is a cloudberry? Cloudberry squat, Rubus chamaemorus, is indeed squat. The height of this perennial herbaceous plant does not exceed 25 cm. Cloudberry withstands frosts below -40 ° C, but does not tolerate drought and salty soils, therefore it grows in damp places and swamps. Its range is taiga, forest-tundra and tundra of Eurasia and America. Cloudberry is traditionally called a berry, although from a botanical point of view, its fruit is a complex drupe. The Russian name "moroshka" may have come from the word "morokha", borrowed from the Finnish language; its exact origin is lost in the northern swamps. The genus Rubus is numerous, it includes raspberries, blackberries, kumanika and many other species with tasty and healthy fruits. Cloudberry differs from most of them in two ways. The redness of its fruits indicates immaturity, ripe cloudberries are amber in color, translucent, soft and juicy. In addition, cloudberries are dioecious, that is, they have male and female flowers on different plants. It needs to be pollinated in order to bear fruit. Butterflies participate in this process, and their caterpillars feed on cloudberry leaves with pleasure. The small nondescript butterfly Coleophora thulea is known for the fact that its caterpillars eat nothing but these leaves. Cloudberry stems are thin, grassy and non-thorny, and it also has long, branched rhizomes, from which new shoots grow every year. The plant reproduces beautifully vegetatively, and birds and mammals spread the seeds, which is wonderful because, despite the great demand and high prices, cloudberries are still harvested in forests and swamps. This is a wild plant. Since the mid-1990s, Norway, Finland, Sweden and Scotland have joined forces to develop varieties suitable for industrial cultivation. Since 2002, these varieties have been available to farmers. What is cloudberry good for? This is one of the first berries of the short northern summer, it ripens in late July - August. The taste of cloudberries is sweet and sour, slightly tart, overripe berries acquire a thick texture, like yogurt. “The cloudberry absorbed all the freshness of the damp forest, all the sweetness of the moss swamp, and there was a lot of freshness, and a little bit of sweetness,” wrote Yuriy Koval. There are really few sugars in cloudberries, from 3 to 6% fructose and glucose. The fruits also contain organic acids, citric and malic, tannins, including antioxidants ellagitannins (where would we be without antioxidants now), pigments. The color of ripe fruits is provided by carotenoids that are useful for vision, mainly beta-carotene and zeaxanthin. In terms of the concentration of carotenoids, cloudberries are not much inferior to sea buckthorn; to get the daily norm of pigments (700-900 mcg), it is enough to eat 200 g of fresh berries. The trouble of the North is beriberi. There is more vitamin C in cloudberries than in oranges, about 0,2%. Its fruits also contain vitamin E, essential trace elements, including potassium, magnesium, calcium, sodium, chromium and copper, polyphenols, and volatile substances. At least 14 components, including vanillin, are responsible for the aroma of cloudberries. There are also pectin in berries - about 2%, this amount is enough to make jelly without gelatin. True, the recipe does not provide for the addition of water, only the juice of ripe cloudberries and sugar. What is prepared from cloudberries? People have long included cloudberries in their diet, among the indigenous peoples of the North, both in Eurasia and in America, it is an indispensable component of national dishes. The Nordic countries also have their own "signature" dishes. In Finland, for example, cloudberries are served with local cheese and made into a very sweet and strong liqueur called Lakkalikoori. In Norway, cloudberries are used in a traditional dessert with sugar and whipped cream. In general, from it, as from any other sour berry, they cook jam, compotes and jelly, prepare jams, stuffing for pies, add to sauces for meat and all kinds of drinks of different strengths, from kvass to liqueurs (and even beer!), flavor many foods, including yogurt. And of course, eat it fresh. Cloudberries have fairly large pits, and many recipes suggest running the cloudberries through a sieve to get rid of them. How to save cloudberries? When cloudberries ripen, there are a lot of them, but the problem is how to keep ripe berries. They do not tolerate mechanical impact well, they are collected in a shallow dish so as not to wrinkle. Even in recipes for cloudberry jam, it is advised not to stir the berries with a spoon, but to shake the basin. Delivery of fruits from the forest to the place of processing is a big problem. In the countries of Northern Europe, where human activities in the forest are strictly regulated, residents are allowed to collect and eat cloudberries on the spot, and only ripe berries can be taken away from the forest. Now, in order to preserve the berries, jam is made from them, but before sugar was expensive, and now it has become expensive. Raspberries, the southern sister of cloudberries, are dried, but under the northern sun, the fruits do not dry well, freezing and soaking remain. The berries are frozen, spread out in one layer, and then carefully transferred to bags or containers. If everything is done correctly, cloudberries will not go bad for two years. There are several ways to soak cloudberries. It can be filled with boiled or spring water and stored in the cold in tubs or sealed bottles. In the field, where there is neither a cellar nor a refrigerator, a barrel of berries is immersed in a stream. By the way, cloudberry water, which has acquired the taste of berries, is a wonderful drink. You can prepare soaked cloudberries with sugar. William Pokhlebkin defined urination as a method of preservation, in which a very weak brine is used, 1,5-2%, with the indispensable addition of sugar, which should be at least 6%. Modern recipes for soaked cloudberries do not contain salt at all, the berries are preserved in a cooled 10-20% syrup. Instead of sugar, you can use licorice: it will add sweetness and reduce the risk of fermentation of the solution (see "Chemistry and Life", 2014, No. 12). However, when properly stored, soaked cloudberries do not spoil until a new harvest. Its preservation is facilitated by the natural preservative contained in the berries - benzoic acid. Neither freezing followed by thawing, nor long-term storage of soaked fruits have almost no effect on the content of vitamin C and other useful properties of cloudberries. By the way, before processing, fresh cloudberries must be carefully sorted out in order to clean them of leaves, twigs and other debris, but experts do not advise washing the berries if they are not very dirty. What does cloudberry cure? R. chamaemorus is included in the list of medicinal plants. Its fruits, leaves and roots are useful. About the healing properties of cloudberries, as well as any plant, which is not written, up to the anti-carcinogenic effect. The main properties of cloudberries are antipyretic and anti-inflammatory. It owes these qualities to benzoic acid as an antimicrobial and antifungal agent, as well as to the anti-inflammatory action of other flavonoids, terpenoids and tannins. But perhaps the main active substances of cloudberries are salicylates, salts of acetylsalicylic acid, that is, aspirin. Its main source is willow bark, but it is tasteless, you can’t cook soup or jam from it, so people prefer plants of the genus Rubus. Everyone knows the healing properties of tea with raspberry jam, and cloudberries in this respect are the northern analogue of raspberries. Infusions from fruits and leaves are useful for fever and colds. Berry juice is used for inflammatory diseases of the throat and mouth. Due to the high content of vitamin C, cloudberries are an antiscorbutic agent. Cloudberries with honey are useful for weakened patients. What is red cloudberry? This is the name of the raspberry, she is the princess R. arcticus. It, like cloudberries, grows in damp forests and tundras of the Northern Hemisphere. Its ripe fruits are dark red in color, they are sweet, with a pineapple flavor. They are used in the same way as cloudberries, but they are soaked less often, probably because the princess is a rare berry and it is difficult to collect it in large quantities. The prince contains salicylates, but as a medicinal plant it is almost never used, again because of its rarity. The young leaves are dried in the sun, brewed and drunk as a fruit tea. Jam recipe from the specialists of the University of Alaska. They advise taking one cup of cloudberries, mashed through a sieve, two cups of diced rhubarb, and three cups of sugar. Mix all this well in a large saucepan and heat slowly, stirring occasionally. When the sugar dissolves, you should speed up the heating without weakening your attention. At a temperature of about 104 ° C, the mixture will thicken, a jelly will form, and it must be stirred again quickly so that it does not stick together. The jam is transferred to pre-prepared hot sterile jars, leaving less than a centimeter of free space, which are closed with lids and heated for five minutes in boiling water.
Cloudberry. Useful information
Cloudberry is not a very visible plant. A thin stalk, on it - a round leaf and a white flower. That's all. Flowers will fade, petals will fall, only red sepals will remain. Who does not know, thinks that these are red flowers, and are mistaken. Cloudberry berries look like raspberries. And her botanists call her "raspberry squat." Cloudberry was popularly called. Cloudberry lives, like the princess, in the tundra. And in the forest region, in swamps, along moss bumps, it is found. In the tundra, deer like cloudberries very much. They love this nondescript grass more than reindeer moss and more than mushrooms. In spring, it appears first, and in autumn it remains green longer than others. Sometimes even under the snow it goes green. Then the deer dig it out from under the snow in winter and eat it. Author: Smirnov A.
Cloudberry, Rubus chamaemorus. Recipes for use in traditional medicine and cosmetology
Ethnoscience:
Cosmetology:
Attention! Before use, consult with a specialist!
Cloudberry, Rubus chamaemorus. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing
Cloudberry (Rubus chamaemorus) is a small shrub that grows in northern regions. Its berries can be used as food and have many health benefits. Tips for growing, harvesting and storing cloudberries: Cultivation:
Workpiece:
Storage:
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