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tsunami gifts

19.09.2005

The catastrophic tsunami that killed more than 26 people in Southeast Asia on December 2004, 250 brought an unexpected gift to India: a giant wave deposited a layer of titanium ore along almost 500 kilometers of coastline. It is brought from the depths of the sea.

The thickness of the layer in some places exceeds three meters. These deposits, abandoned by a wave about one and a half kilometers from the coast, are estimated at 40 million tons. The global demand for titanium is growing, but the sudden gift of the elements will last for a long time. And in the Madras area, the wave washed away the coastal sand deposits, exposing the stone figures of a lion, an elephant and a horse.

It is believed that this is part of a temple complex built in the XNUMXth century AD. According to legend, there must be seven pagodas here, built in time immemorial and later swallowed up by the sea.

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Earth's magnetosphere extends far into space and deflects most of the high-energy particles that would otherwise bombard our planet's surface, rendering it virtually uninhabitable. Geomagnetism arises deep in the bowels of the Earth, where a solid iron-nickel core is located, heated to almost 5500 ° C. It is surrounded by a thicker and more liquid outer core, the material of which continuously cools and settles, building up solid layers in the center. This causes the conductive hot alloy liquid core to stir and create a geomagnetic field.

Once the earth's core was heated more strongly, it remained entirely liquid and seethed, generating a magnetic field. However, its temperature gradually decreased, mixing slowed down, and the magnetosphere weakened to a level dangerous for life on the planet. Fortunately, at some point, a solid core began to form in its center, which gave the Earth's "magnetic dynamo" a new strength. Various models place the event between 0,5 and 2,5 billion years ago, but a new study by geologists led by University of Rochester professor John Tarduno puts the date fairly accurately at 565 million years ago.

Indeed, the core of the Earth remains inaccessible to direct research, however, all changes in the global magnetic field are imprinted in the orientation of the particles of certain minerals. Scientists analyzed it in crystalline pyroxenes and spars found under the town of Sept-Iles in Quebec, Canada and dated to 550-600 million years old. The crystals showed that in that era the magnetosphere was going through hard times, weakening and changing polarity ten times faster than it happens in the modern era. However, from a certain moment the process stopped and suddenly began to develop in a completely different direction. The magnetic field began to intensify.

Interestingly, this time coincides with the end of the Ediacaran period, which culminated in one of the global extinctions of the biosphere: judging by the data of Tarduno and his colleagues, it could well be caused by the weakening of the magnetosphere. By the way, some previous data also pointed to this. The subsequent restoration and strengthening of the magnetic field coincided with the next important stage in the evolution of life - the Cambrian explosion of biodiversity, during which the ancestors of all modern animal types appeared. Perhaps it was the increased bombardment of the planet by cosmic radiation that contributed to the survival and development of new life forms - mobile, capable of going to the depth of water, or well protected by a shell or exoskeleton.

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